Regulation Of Endothelial Barrier Function

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Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function

Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor,Robert Rigor
Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function Book PDF

Author : Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor,Robert Rigor
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041206

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Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function by Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor,Robert Rigor Pdf

The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood-tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction / Structure and Function of Exchange Microvessels / Methods for Measuring Permeability / The Endothelial Barrier / Signaling Mechanisms in the Regulation of Endothelial Permeability / Endothelial Barrier Protectors / Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance / Conclusion / References

The Endothelium

Michel Félétou
The Endothelium Book PDF

Author : Michel Félétou
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615041237

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The Endothelium by Michel Félétou Pdf

The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Endothelial Cytoskeleton

Juan A. Rosado,Pedro C. Redondo
Endothelial Cytoskeleton Book PDF

Author : Juan A. Rosado,Pedro C. Redondo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781466590366

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Endothelial Cytoskeleton by Juan A. Rosado,Pedro C. Redondo Pdf

This book presents a concise synthesis of the current knowledge and recent advances in the structure, organization and functional role of the cytoskeleton in endothelial cells. Particular attention has been given to the different features of the regulation of vascular function mediated by the endothelium. Since cytoskeleton is a scaffolding element that regulates the architecture of the cell and additionally controls several fundamental aspects of intracellular signaling, this book will serve as a comprehensive resource for those interested in these fascinating biological processes associated with vascular biology. The book has been divided into two major sections: general aspects of the endothelial cytoskeleton and the role of the role of the endothelial cytoskeleton in different functions of the vascular wall.

Inflammation and the Microcirculation

D. Neil Granger,Elena Senchenkova
Inflammation and the Microcirculation Book PDF

Author : D. Neil Granger,Elena Senchenkova
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041657

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Inflammation and the Microcirculation by D. Neil Granger,Elena Senchenkova Pdf

The microcirculation is highly responsive to, and a vital participant in, the inflammatory response. All segments of the microvasculature (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) exhibit characteristic phenotypic changes during inflammation that appear to be directed toward enhancing the delivery of inflammatory cells to the injured/infected tissue, isolating the region from healthy tissue and the systemic circulation, and setting the stage for tissue repair and regeneration. The best characterized responses of the microcirculation to inflammation include impaired vasomotor function, reduced capillary perfusion, adhesion of leukocytes and platelets, activation of the coagulation cascade, and enhanced thrombosis, increased vascular permeability, and an increase in the rate of proliferation of blood and lymphatic vessels. A variety of cells that normally circulate in blood (leukocytes, platelets) or reside within the vessel wall (endothelial cells, pericytes) or in the perivascular space (mast cells, macrophages) are activated in response to inflammation. The activation products and chemical mediators released from these cells act through different well-characterized signaling pathways to induce the phenotypic changes in microvessel function that accompany inflammation. Drugs that target a specific microvascular response to inflammation, such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion or angiogenesis, have shown promise in both the preclinical and clinical studies of inflammatory disease. Future research efforts in this area will likely identify new avenues for therapeutic intervention in inflammation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Historical Perspectives / Anatomical Considerations / Impaired Vasomotor Responses / Capillary Perfusion / Angiogenesis / Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion / Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions / Coagulation and Thrombosis / Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction / Epilogue / References

Capillary Fluid Exchange

Joshua Scallan,Virginia Heathorn Huxley,Ronald J. Korthuis
Capillary Fluid Exchange Book PDF

Author : Joshua Scallan,Virginia Heathorn Huxley,Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615040667

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Capillary Fluid Exchange by Joshua Scallan,Virginia Heathorn Huxley,Ronald J. Korthuis Pdf

The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation

The Vascular Endothelium I

Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs
The Vascular Endothelium I Book PDF

Author : Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2006-12-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540329671

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The Vascular Endothelium I by Salvador Moncada,Annie Higgs Pdf

This wide ranging work provides a complete representation of the present state of knowledge of the vascular endothelium. The volume comprises 20 chapters by experts who have made significant contributions to research in the vascular endothelium. The text discusses the structure, development and function of the normal vascular endothelium, considers conditions that lead to the disruption of vascular physiology and provides a comprehensive description of pathologies and their treatment.

Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems

Lawrence J. Berliner,Narasimham L. Parinandi
Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems Book PDF

Author : Lawrence J. Berliner,Narasimham L. Parinandi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030473181

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Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems by Lawrence J. Berliner,Narasimham L. Parinandi Pdf

This book describes the methods of analysis and determination of oxidants and oxidative stress in biological systems. Reviews and protocols on select methods of analysis of ROS, RNS, oxygen, redox status, and oxidative stress in biological systems are described in detail. It is an essential resource for both novices and experts in the field of oxidant and oxidative stress biology.

Extracellular ATP and adenosine as regulators of endothelial cell function

Evgenia Gerasimovskaya,Elzbieta Kaczmarek
Extracellular ATP and adenosine as regulators of endothelial cell function Book PDF

Author : Evgenia Gerasimovskaya,Elzbieta Kaczmarek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048134359

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Extracellular ATP and adenosine as regulators of endothelial cell function by Evgenia Gerasimovskaya,Elzbieta Kaczmarek Pdf

Extracellular purines and pyrimidines (ATP, ADP, UTP and adenosine) are released into the extracellular milieu in response to a variety of stress conditions and act as important regulators of vascular homeostasis. This new book is uniquely focused on the signaling actions of extracellular purines in endothelial cells and the crucial role of extracellular purines in regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, cell permeability, wound healing, inflammation and cell-to-cell communication. This book examines the responses of endothelial cells, originating from various tissues (such as cornea, pancreas and uterus), to extracellular nucleotides and adenosine under physiological and pathological conditions, i.e. pregnancy, hypoxia, hypertension, inflammation and diabetes. In the book’s 12 chapters, the role of purinergic signaling in endothelium-dependent tissue perfusion, regulation of endothelial barrier function, and angiogenesis are discussed. The mechanisms of ATP release and its role in intercellular communication are also presented. In addition, the book provides the most up to date mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide metabolism by purine-converting ecto-enzymes and their contribution to purinergic signaling in endothelial cells originating from various vascular beds. This book is a valuable resource for biomedical research scientists, clinical scientists, graduate students and health science professionals interested in the mechanisms of extracellular purine function in endothelial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.

Perspectives on Lung Endothelial Barrier Function

C.E. Patterson,Edward Bittar
Perspectives on Lung Endothelial Barrier Function Book PDF

Author : C.E. Patterson,Edward Bittar
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780444518347

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Perspectives on Lung Endothelial Barrier Function by C.E. Patterson,Edward Bittar Pdf

Covers endothelial biology from the fundamentals of structure and lung fluid balance physiology to descriptions of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of lung failure. This illustrated text provides the knowledge of endothelial function, vascular integrity, pulmonary function, and pathophysiology in respiratory failure.

The Cerebral Circulation

Marilyn J. Cipolla
The Cerebral Circulation Book PDF

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047239

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The Cerebral Circulation by Marilyn J. Cipolla Pdf

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Tumor Angiogenesis

Dieter Marmé
Tumor Angiogenesis Book PDF

Author : Dieter Marmé
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319336711

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Tumor Angiogenesis by Dieter Marmé Pdf

This exhaustive work shows that new therapies using anti-angiogenic drugs are of particular importance because they can be used against many different types of cancer, as tumor angiogenesis seems to be involved in most if not all solid metastasizing malignancies. The first part of this book summarizes the knowledge acquired on the molecular entities that play a role in tumor angiogenesis and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the identification of molecular markers and their validation as predictive and/or prognostic tools is reviewed. In the second and most important part, the clinical applications of anti-angiogenic treatments are documented for a wide variety of tumors. In particular, the modes of combination with other targeted and/or cytotoxic cancer therapies are presented.​

Mechanisms of Vascular Disease

Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson
Mechanisms of Vascular Disease Book PDF

Author : Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781922064004

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Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson Pdf

New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.

Endothelial Cell Culture

Roy Bicknell
Endothelial Cell Culture Book PDF

Author : Roy Bicknell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1996-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521559901

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Endothelial Cell Culture by Roy Bicknell Pdf

The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Endothelial Cell Culture contains chapters on endothelial cells derived from 1) lung, 2) bone marrow, 3) brain, 4) mammary glands, 5) skin, 6) adipose tissue, 7) female reproductive system, and 8) synovium.

Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function

Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor
Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function Book PDF

Author : Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041213

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Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function by Sarah Y. Yuan,Robert R. Rigor Pdf

The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.

The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Gert Fricker,Melanie Ott,Anne Mahringer
The Blood Brain Barrier BBB Book PDF

Author : Gert Fricker,Melanie Ott,Anne Mahringer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662437872

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The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) by Gert Fricker,Melanie Ott,Anne Mahringer Pdf

Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors.