Regulatory Options To Improve Seed Systems For Vegetatively Propagated Crops In Developing Countries

Author : Spielman, David J.,Gatto, Marcel,Wossen, Tesfamicheal,McEwan, Margaret,Abdoulaye, Tahirou,Maredia, Mywish K.,Hareau, Guy
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Regulatory options to improve seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops in developing countries by Spielman, David J.,Gatto, Marcel,Wossen, Tesfamicheal,McEwan, Margaret,Abdoulaye, Tahirou,Maredia, Mywish K.,Hareau, Guy Pdf

In many developing countries, smallholder farmers cultivating vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) have limited access to quality planting material. This constraint can limit both the yield of and returns on VPC cultivation. Yet policy and regulatory initiatives designed to strengthen access to quality VPC planting materials have been relatively unsuccessful to date. Part of the problem is the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation and its distinctness from cereal crops, which dominate narratives on seed system reforms. Drawing on qualitative analysis of policy and practice, this study examines reform options related to quality assurance regulations in four crop-country combinations: cassava in Nigeria and Vietnam, and potato in Kenya and Vietnam. The study highlights theory and evidence on existing models of regulation; alternative models that may better incentivize cost-effective multiplication and distribution; and recommendations for policy, regulation, and investment in VPC seed markets. Findings indicate that regulations designed around strict and centralized quality control systems tend to limit market size, while more localized production systems are limited by both capacity and reach. These findings suggest the need for alternatives that balance a permissive regulatory regime with decentralized production systems, grassroots capacity development, market surveillance, and systems that integrate internal (producer-level) quality assurance with external (regulatory) quality assurance.

Author : David J. Spielman,Marcel Gatto,Tesfamicheal Assfaw Wossen,Margaret McEwan,Tahirou Abdoulaye,Mywish K. Maredia,Guy Hareau
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1356304100

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Regulatory Options to Improve Seed Systems for Vegetatively Propagated Crops in Developing Countries by David J. Spielman,Marcel Gatto,Tesfamicheal Assfaw Wossen,Margaret McEwan,Tahirou Abdoulaye,Mywish K. Maredia,Guy Hareau Pdf

Author : Venkatachalam Venkatesan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105016374584

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Seed Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa by Venkatachalam Venkatesan Pdf

World Bank Discussion Paper No. 266. Seed production and distribution are important factors in determining the pace of agricultural development. For a seed system to be effective, it must satisfy the different requirements of each crop. Presently, seed systems in many Sub-Saharan African countries focus on a narrow band of crops and therefore do not adequately support the diversity of growth and development in crops. This study urges Sub-Saharan African countries to implement a comprehensive seed system to meet the needs of a wide range of farmers. The author examines the components of an effective seed system, including formal and informal seed distribution, legislation, seed research, and production. The study recommends a mix of strategies for creating effective seed systems that best suit particular countries. It looks at the options available to policymakers when setting up seed systems or modifying existing ones, and at the implications of each option.

Author : Neils P Louwaars
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2002-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482229318

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Seed Policy, Legislation and Law by Neils P Louwaars Pdf

Learn what it takes to create and implement a truly successful seed policy! This unique book brings together international experts on seed policy and law. While other books approach the subject from the perspective of seed industry development and privatization, Seed Policy, Legislation, and Law makes clear that a successful national seed policy must be based on a thorough analysis of connected issues such as biodiversity and rural development. In addition to giving you an essential overview of seed regulatory reform, this book will also bring you up to date on recent developments in the field, such as intellectual property and the biosafety of GMOs. Seed Policy, Legislation, and Law examines: quality control issues in developing countries case studies from Turkey, Uganda, and Bangladesh property rights for plant varieties the regulation of genetically modified seeds in emerging economies agro-biodiversity as it relates to seed policy why a farmer seed system is essential in a national seed sector the impact of the transition from central seed sector planning to a free market how international seed associations can impact policy development new technological developments like GURTs and appropriate policy responses

Author : Robert Tripp
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Law
ISBN : WISC:89063174031

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New Seed and Old Laws by Robert Tripp Pdf

This book argues that the development and diversification of national seed systems requires a thorough re-examination of public regulatory responsibilities. It presents a summary of current experience and a set of practical suggestions about how regulatory reform can contribute to the growth of national seed systems.

Author : Juan Fajardo
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Crop production
ISBN : IND:30000135199168

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Quality Declared Planting Material by Juan Fajardo Pdf

This publication includes a set of protocols and standards for the production of quality planting material of the most important vegetatively reproduced crops, namely: banana, plantain and other Musaceae, cassava, cocoyam, garlic, hausa potato, konjac, mashua, oca, potato, sweet potato, taro, ulluco and yam. Prepared by FAO, in collaboration with the International Potato Centre and a team of international experts, it follows the principles and approach of FAO's Quality Declared Seed System. Vegetatively propagated crop species contribute significantly to the agriculture and food production sectors of many developing countries and regions and to their food security. The current availability and dissemination of advanced reproduction technologies, in particular for micropropagation, have increased the scope for improvement and development of disease-free planting materials for these crops. However, in spite of their potential, they have received little attention in formal seed quality regulatory systems. Thus, these protocols and standards were developed to serve as practical and useful tools for seed producers and technicians at the community level as well as for national seed services and the agricultural research community in developing countries. Improved quality of planting materials will contribute significantly to improved agricultural production and productivity and to global food security. Book jacket.

Author : Graham Thiele,Michael Friedmann,Hugo Campos,Vivian Polar,Jeffery W. Bentley
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Agricultural genome mapping
ISBN : 9783030920227

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Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations by Graham Thiele,Michael Friedmann,Hugo Campos,Vivian Polar,Jeffery W. Bentley Pdf

This open access book describes recent innovations in food systems based on root, tuber and banana crops in developing countries. These innovations respond to many of the challenges facing these vital crops, linked to their vegetative seed and bulky and perishable produce. The innovations create value, food, jobs and new sources of income while improving the wellbeing and quality of life of their users. Women are often key players in the production, processing and marketing of roots, tubers and bananas, so successful innovation needs to consider gender. These crops and their value chains have long been neglected by research and development, hence this book contributes to filling in the gap. The book features many outcomes of the CGIAR Research Program in Roots, Tubers and Banana (RTB), which operated from 2012-21, encompassing many tropical countries, academic and industry partners, multiple crops, and major initiatives. It describes the successful innovation model developed by RTB that brings together diverse partners and organizations, to create value for the end users and to generate positive economic and social outcomes. RTB has accelerated the scaling of innovations to reach many end users cost effectively. Though most of the book's examples and insights are from Africa, they can be applied worldwide. The book will be useful for decision makers designing policies to scale up agricultural solutions, for researchers and extension specialists seeking practical ideas, and for scholars of innovation.

Author : Hiroyuki, Takeshima,Abdoulaye, Tahirou,Andam, Kwaw S.,Edeh, Hyacinth O.,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Haile, Beliyou,Kumar, P. Lava,Nwagboso, Chibuzo,Ragasa, Catherine,Spielman, David J.,Wossen, Tesfamichael
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Seed certification and maize, rice and cowpea productivity in Nigeria: An insight based on nationally representative farm household data and seed company location data by Hiroyuki, Takeshima,Abdoulaye, Tahirou,Andam, Kwaw S.,Edeh, Hyacinth O.,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Haile, Beliyou,Kumar, P. Lava,Nwagboso, Chibuzo,Ragasa, Catherine,Spielman, David J.,Wossen, Tesfamichael Pdf

Despite the potential importance of seed quality to agricultural productivity growth, many governments in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to expand quality assurance systems even where there is expressed interest. This study aims to evidence the value of quality assurance systems with an analysis of efforts to produce and distribute certified seed in Nigeria. We assess the associations between quantities of certified seeds produced and spatial variations in production locations proxied by headquarter locations of seed companies producing certified seeds, on the one hand, with spatial variations in the use of certified seed, yields, and output at the farm level, on the other hand. Our analysis covers three crops that are important to food security in Nigeria: maize, rice, and cowpea. Our analysis integrates information on seed quantities produced and locations of seed companies with nationally representative panel data from a survey of farm households and spatially explicit rainfall and temperature data. We find a positive relationship between certified seed production in proximity to farm households and farm-level use of certified seeds, yields, and output, although this effect is diminishing at the margin. These diminishing marginal effects may be partly due to two factors. First, the yield gains from certified seeds tend to vary considerably within each state, suggesting that either quality issues persist in the seed supply chain or farmers are not using complementary inputs or appropriate management techniques when using quality seed. Second, it may be that as certified seed becomes more available to farmers, its use spreads from higher-return farms to lower-return farms, thereby diminishing the gains on the extensive margin. Although more rigorous assessments of causal effects and cost-effectiveness are needed to validate these findings, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are diminishing returns to seed quality assurance. Policymakers, regulators, and seed providers may benefit from identifying optimal, crop-specific target quantities or rates for certified seed production rather than aiming for certification of all seed produced in a market.

Author : Paul J. H. Neate,Robert G. Guéi
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Food security
ISBN : UIUC:30112100832283

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Promoting the Growth and Development of Smallholder Seed Enterprises for Food Security Crops by Paul J. H. Neate,Robert G. Guéi Pdf

"Agriculture is the mainstay of the economies of developing countries and the source of livelihood for the majority of their populations. In view of this, it is considered crucial that the performance of agriculture should ensure food security and provide a strong economic base. Towards this aim, improved seeds have been widely recognized as a key ingredient for enhancing farm productivity and overall crop production and thereby attaining the goal of food security. However, medium to large private companies, so far, do not effectively produce and distribute seeds of most major non-hybrid food security crops in developing countries. Case studies undertaken in Africa, Asia and Latin America indicate that smallholder seed enterprises could provide a valid alternative if supported. This publication aims at raising the awareness of decision makers and provides guidelines of best practices and policy options for promoting and supporting the growth and development of smallholder seed enterprises."--P. [4] of cover.

Author : CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Annual report 2021: CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) by CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) Pdf

PIM had a productive final year centered on synthesizing findings while continuing to respond to demand on the impacts of COVID-19 and preparing the transition to the new CGIAR portfolio. PIM findings and engagement contributed to Myanmar’s response to COVID-19, South Africa’s policies on resilience to climate change, Tunisia's policies for pastoral development, a reform of Nigeria’s national agricultural research system, Ghana’s fish seed and farm certification system, gender strategies for three agricultural value chains in Honduras, and genome editing guidelines for the agricultural sector in four African countries. PIM research informed policy documents of FAO, IFAD, One CGIAR, the UK Government, the World Bank and the World Food Programme. PIM tools enabled more equitable co-management of 76 protected areas in Peru and informed World Bank social protection projects. Books on food security in Bangladesh and Malawi, trade in Latin America, African agricultural value chains and gender were published. 42 PIM synthesis briefs and notes were issued, summarizing research results in key thematic areas. PIM contributed 181 journal articles, 8 journal issues (on demand driven seed systems, China’s response to COVID-19, agriculture and food security in China under COVID-19, food loss and waste, landscape restoration, multistakeholder fora in forestry and two issues on gender), 15 book chapters and about 500 non-peer-reviewed outputs. 16 PIM webinars were organized. PIM’s contributions to the United Nations Food Systems Summit covered agricultural extension, food system innovations and digital technologies, the future of small farms, the science-policy interface, the cost of ending hunger by 2030, food waste and loss, management of the commons and gender. Building on past PIM investments in economywide modeling tools and social accounting matrices, PIM teams continued to assess the impacts of COVID-19 and policy responses at country level. Lessons learned from PIM country-level analyses on COVID-19’s impacts on food systems, poverty and diets are summarized in a chapter of the IFPRI 2022 book “COVID19 and global food security: Two years later”. A paper in partnership with the CGIAR COVID19 Hub reviewed the literature on agri-food value chains for evidence of fractures and resilience in response to the pandemic. The results of coordinated studies on the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in different countries were published. Several cross-CGIAR outputs initiated by PIM speak to the fulfillment of PIM’s convening role as an integrating program: the CGIAR Foresight Report and CGIAR foresight website; several outputs produced through the CGIAR Community of Excellence on Seed Systems Development, and the CGIAR book “Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future” are examples. Other examples of PIM global public goods produced in 2021 are 27 innovations at various stages of uptake, a cross-cutting effort to distill PIM lessons on migration; new or updated social accounting matrices for 25 countries; and lessons and tools on stakeholder platforms for natural resource governance. Independent reviews assessed the effectiveness of PIM’s partnerships and the use by partners of PIM’s work on economywide modelling, agricultural insurance, tenure and governance, and the Ag-Incentives database.

Author : David J. Spielman,Rajul Pandya-Lorch
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Proven Successes in Agricultural Development by David J. Spielman,Rajul Pandya-Lorch Pdf

The world has made enormous progress in the past 50 years toward eliminating hunger and malnutrition. While, in 1960, roughly 30 percent of the world's population suffered from hunger and malnutrition, today less than 20 percent doessome five billion people now have enough food to live healthy, productive lives. Agricultural development has contributed significantly to these gains by increasing food supplies, reducing food prices, and creating new income and employment opportunities for some of the world's poorest people.This book examines where, why, and how past interventions in agricultural development have succeeded. It carefully reviews the policies, programs, and investments in agricultural development that have reduced hunger and poverty across Africa, Asia, and Latin America over the past half century. The 19 successes included here are described in in-depth case studies that synthesize the evidence on the intervention's impact on agricultural productivity and food security, evaluate the rigor with which the evidence was collected, and assess the tradeoffs inherent in each success. Together, these chapters provide evidence of "what works" in agricultural development.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105020704644

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Easing Barriers to Movement of Plant Varieties for Agricultural Development by World Bank Pdf

World Bank Discussion Paper No. 367.Many developing countries enforce seed regulations and other policies that obstruct private companies from operating and delivering new technology. This volume presents recommendations and selected papers from an international workshop organized by the World Bank in 1995 to review seed policies and to develop recommendations on ways of easing entry barriers for certain varieties of seeds in developing countries. The papers and discussions identified reforms to speed the flow of private seed technology to these countries, with a particular focus on reforms and their impacts in Bangladesh, India, Peru, and Turkey.

Author : Hugo Campos,Oscar Ortiz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030286835

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The Potato Crop by Hugo Campos,Oscar Ortiz Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251068717

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Save and Grow by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The book offers a rich toolkit of relevant, adoptable ecosystem-based practices that can help the world's 500 million smallholder farm families achieve higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency while enhancing natural capital.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264967830

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Making Better Policies for Food Systems by OECD Pdf

Food systems around the world face a triple challenge: providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population; supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain; and contributing to environmental sustainability. Better policies hold tremendous promise for making progress in these domains.