Relating Theory And Data

Author : Stephan Lewandowsky,William E. Hockley
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134759293

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Relating Theory and Data by Stephan Lewandowsky,William E. Hockley Pdf

This festschrift represents the proceedings of a conference held in honor of Bennet B. Murdock, one of the foremost researchers and theoreticians on human memory and cognition. A highly renowned investigator respected for both his empirical and theoretical contributions to the field, Murdock summarized and focused a large amount of research activity with his 1974 book Human Memory: Theory and Data. This unique collection of articles addresses many of the issues discussed in his classic text. Divided into five principal sections, its coverage includes: theoretical perspectives on human memory ranging from a biological view to an exposition of the value of formal models; recent progress in the study of processes in immediate memory and recognition memory; and new developments in componential and distributed approaches to the modeling of human memory. Each section concludes with an integrative commentary provided by some of Murdock’s eminent colleagues from the University of Toronto. Thus, this book offers a diversity of perspectives on contemporary topics in the discipline, and will be of interest to students and scholars in all branches of cognitive science.

Author : Russell Greiner,Stephen José Hanson,Thomas Petsche
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Computational learning theory
ISBN : 0262571188

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Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning Systems: Making learning systems practical by Russell Greiner,Stephen José Hanson,Thomas Petsche Pdf

This is the fourth and final volume of papers from a series of workshops called "Computational Learning Theory and Ǹatural' Learning Systems." The purpose of the workshops was to explore the emerging intersection of theoretical learning research and natural learning systems. The workshops drew researchers from three historically distinct styles of learning research: computational learning theory, neural networks, and machine learning (a subfield of AI). Volume I of the series introduces the general focus of the workshops. Volume II looks at specific areas of interaction between theory and experiment. Volumes III and IV focus on key areas of learning systems that have developed recently. Volume III looks at the problem of "Selecting Good Models." The present volume, Volume IV, looks at ways of "Making Learning Systems Practical." The editors divide the twenty-one contributions into four sections. The first three cover critical problem areas: 1) scaling up from small problems to realistic ones with large input dimensions, 2) increasing efficiency and robustness of learning methods, and 3) developing strategies to obtain good generalization from limited or small data samples. The fourth section discusses examples of real-world learning systems. Contributors : Klaus Abraham-Fuchs, Yasuhiro Akiba, Hussein Almuallim, Arunava Banerjee, Sanjay Bhansali, Alvis Brazma, Gustavo Deco, David Garvin, Zoubin Ghahramani, Mostefa Golea, Russell Greiner, Mehdi T. Harandi, John G. Harris, Haym Hirsh, Michael I. Jordan, Shigeo Kaneda, Marjorie Klenin, Pat Langley, Yong Liu, Patrick M. Murphy, Ralph Neuneier, E.M. Oblow, Dragan Obradovic, Michael J. Pazzani, Barak A. Pearlmutter, Nageswara S.V. Rao, Peter Rayner, Stephanie Sage, Martin F. Schlang, Bernd Schurmann, Dale Schuurmans, Leon Shklar, V. Sundareswaran, Geoffrey Towell, Johann Uebler, Lucia M. Vaina, Takefumi Yamazaki, Anthony M. Zador.

Author : Matthew Johnson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781118499375

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Archaeological Theory by Matthew Johnson Pdf

A lively and accessible introduction to themes and debates in archaeological theory for students of all levels Archaeological Theory is a relatable, accessible, reader-friendly first step into the world of theory for archaeology students. Recognizing that many students shy away from the study of theory for fear that the material is too difficult or obscure, Archaeological Theory maintains that any student can develop an understanding of theory and that a knowledge of theory will lead to better practice. As one of the leading texts for introductory courses in archaeology and archaeological theory, it has provided many students with the essential foundation for a complete education in the discipline. With a focus on clarifying the history and development of archaeological theory, this valuable text serves as a roadmap to the different schools of theory in archaeology, clarifying the foundations of these schools of thought, the relationships between them, and the ideas that distinguish each from the other. Students will also learn about the relationship between archaeology and cultural and political developments, the origins of New and ‘post-processual’ archaeology, and current issues shaping the field. Written in a clear and informal style and incorporating examples, cartoons, and dialogues, this text provides an ideal introduction for students at all levels. The revised third edition has been updated with new and revised chapters and an expanded glossary and bibliography, as well as new readings to guide further study. Engages readers with informal and easy-to-understand prose, as well as examples, cartoons, and informal dialogues Prepares students to understand complex topics and current and perennial issues in the field such as epistemology, agency, and materiality in the context of archaeological practice Discusses current developments in associated disciplines New and revised chapters on the material turn, politics and other issues, and an expanded glossary and bibliography with updated reading suggestions Offers expanded coverage of materiality, cultural-historical archaeology, evolutionary theory, and the work of scholars of diverse backgrounds and specializations Engaging and illuminating, Archaeological Theory is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in archaeology and related disciplines.

Author : Tom Heath,Christian Bizer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783031794322

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Linked Data by Tom Heath,Christian Bizer Pdf

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Introduction / Principles of Linked Data / The Web of Data / Linked Data Design Considerations / Recipes for Publishing Linked Data / Consuming Linked Data / Summary and Outlook

Author : Donald V Kurtz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429977893

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Political Anthropology by Donald V Kurtz Pdf

The field of political anthropology is complicated by a breadth and depth of interests that include every kind of ethnographically and historically represented political community, and nearly every kind of recorded political practice, behavior, and organization. To make sense of this array of information, political anthropologists examine political topics and issues in the context of research paradigms that include structural-functionalism, pro-cessualism, political economy, political evolution, and, arguably, post-modernism. In Political Anthropology, Donald V. Kurtz examines how anthropologists think about politics, political organizations, and problems fundamental to political anthropology. He explores the ideas with which they address universal political concerns, the paradigms that direct political research by anthropologists, and political topics of special interest.

Author : Jan Ch. Karlsson,Ann Bergman
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317097006

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Methods for Social Theory by Jan Ch. Karlsson,Ann Bergman Pdf

This book constitutes a practical guide to the important skills of both theorizing and writing in social scientific scholarship, focusing on the importance of identifying relations between concepts that are useful for explaining social entities and of producing a text that convincingly advances the theory that has been constructed. Taking as its point of departure the distinction between the research process and the reporting process – between clarifying one’s ideas to oneself and writing to express these ideas clearly to others – this volume concentrates on writing when theorizing as a way of thinking, emphasizing the series of relations that exist between ontology, epistemology and rhetoric upon which successful theoretical writing depends. Richly illustrated with practical examples, the book is divided into two parts, the first of which presents techniques for theorizing based upon visualized and logical connections of ideas, concepts and empirical patterns in both free and systematic ways, and the second part providing techniques for structuring and presenting arguments in essays, papers, articles or books.As such, Methods for Social Theory offers a toolbox for the development and presentation of social thought, which will prove essential for students and teachers across the social sciences.

Author : Melanie Birks,Jane Mills
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781473917071

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Grounded Theory by Melanie Birks,Jane Mills Pdf

This highly practical book introduces the whole range of grounded theory approaches, providing a comprehensive description of the strategies and techniques employed in this methodology. Unlike most existing books in this area, it is not written from a particular philosophical standpoint, and is the ideal first introduction for any student or researcher looking to use grounded theory in their analysis for the first time. Birks and Mills’ accessible and highly-readable text is driven by practical case examples throughout to help the reader get to grips with the process of doing grounded theory analysis for themselves. The book deploys a variety of educational activities to guide readers through both the principles and the application of grounded theory, making this an ideal starter text for those new to the approach. This updated Second Edition: guides the reader through each step of the grounded theory process clearly explains how to memo effectively, using examples includes a chapter which explains the difference between data generation and collection features information on how to use digital resources to manage data discusses the philosophy and ethics of grounded theory within the qualitative paradigm.

Author : Bennet Bronson Murdock
Publisher : Halsted Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Psychology
ISBN : UOM:39015054092401

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Human Memory: Theory and Data by Bennet Bronson Murdock Pdf

Author : Hans-peter Blossfeld,Gerald Prein
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000308952

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Rational Choice Theory And Large-Scale Data Analysis by Hans-peter Blossfeld,Gerald Prein Pdf

The relationship between rational choice theory and large-scale data analysis has become an important issue for sociologists. Though rational choice theory is well established in both sociology and economics, its influence on quantitative empirical sociology has been surprisingly limited. This book examines why there is hardly a link between the t

Author : Atle Ottesen Søvik
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110770957

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A Basic Theory of Everything by Atle Ottesen Søvik Pdf

What are the basic building blocks of the world? This book presents a naturalistic theory saying that the universe and everything in it can be reduced to three fundamental entities: a field, a set of values that can be actualized at different places in the field, and an actualizer of the values. The theory is defended by using it to answer the main questions in metaphysics, such as: What is causality, existence, laws of nature, consciousness, thinking, free will, time, mathematical entities, ethical values, etc.? The theory is compared with the main alternatives and argued to solve problems better than the existing theories. Several new theories are suggested, such as how to understand mental causation, free will and the truth of ethics and mathematics.

Author : Carol S. Aneshensel
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781412994354

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Theory-Based Data Analysis for the Social Sciences by Carol S. Aneshensel Pdf

This book presents the elaboration model for the multivariate analysis of observational quantitative data. This model entails the systematic introduction of "third variables" to the analysis of a focal relationship between one independent and one dependent variable to ascertain whether an inference of causality is justified. Two complementary strategies are used: an exclusionary strategy that rules out alternative explanations such as spuriousness and redundancy with competing theories, and an inclusive strategy that connects the focal relationship to a network of other relationships, including the hypothesized causal mechanisms linking the focal independent variable to the focal dependent variable. The primary emphasis is on the translation of theory into a logical analytic strategy and the interpretation of results. The elaboration model is applied with case studies drawn from newly published research that serve as prototypes for aligning theory and the data analytic plan used to test it; these studies are drawn from a wide range of substantive topics in the social sciences, such as emotion management in the workplace, subjective age identification during the transition to adulthood, and the relationship between religious and paranormal beliefs. The second application of the elaboration model is in the form of original data analysis presented in two Analysis Journals that are integrated throughout the text and implement the full elaboration model. Using real data, not contrived examples, the text provides a step-by-step guide through the process of integrating theory with data analysis in order to arrive at meaningful answers to research questions.

Author : Graham S. Maxwell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030635384

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Using Data to Improve Student Learning by Graham S. Maxwell Pdf

This book offers a coherent research-based overview and analysis of theories and practices in using data to improve student learning. It clarifies what 'use of data' means and differentiates the different levels of decision-making in education (relating to the system, district, school, classroom, or individual student). The relationship between data and decision-making is considered and various movements in the use of data to improve student learning are analysed, especially from the perspective of their assumptions and effects. This leads to a focus on effective educational decision-making as a social process requiring collaboration among all relevant participants. It also requires a clear understanding of educational aims, and these are seen to transcend what can be assessed by standardised tests. The consequences of this analysis for decision processes are explored and conclusions are drawn about what principles might best guide educational practice as well as what ambiguities remain. Throughout, the focus is on what existing research says about each of the issues explored. .

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on x-ray spectra,William Duane
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1920
Category : Research
ISBN : OSU:32435018631416

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Data Relating to X-ray Spectra by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on x-ray spectra,William Duane Pdf

Author : Elizabeth B. Torres,Caroline Whyatt
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482251661

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Autism by Elizabeth B. Torres,Caroline Whyatt Pdf

Autism: The Movement Sensing Perspective is the result of a collaborative effort by parents, therapists, clinicians, and researchers from all disciplines in science including physics, engineering, and applied mathematics. This book poses questions regarding the current conceptualization and approach to the study of autism, providing an alternative unifying data-driven framework grounded in physiological factors. This book reaches beyond subjective descriptions of autistic phenomena and embraces a new era of objective measurements, analyses, and statistical inferences. The authors harness activities from the nervous systems across the brain and body (often in tandem), and introduce a platform for the comprehensive personalized phenotyping of individuals with autism. The impact of this approach is discussed to advance the development of tailored treatments options, enhance the ability to longitudinally track symptomatology, and to fundamentally empower affected individuals and their families. This book encompasses a new era for autism research and treatments, and our continuous effort to collectively empower and embrace the autistic community.

Author : Laura Po,Nikos Bikakis,Federico Desimoni,George Papastefanatos
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781681737263

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Linked Data Visualization by Laura Po,Nikos Bikakis,Federico Desimoni,George Papastefanatos Pdf

Linked Data (LD) is a well-established standard for publishing and managing structured information on the Web, gathering and bridging together knowledge from different scientific and commercial domains. The development of Linked Data Visualization techniques and tools has been adopted as the established practice for the analysis of this vast amount of information by data scientists, domain experts, business users, and citizens. This book covers a wide spectrum of visualization topics, providing an overview of the recent advances in this area, focusing on techniques, tools, and use cases of visualization and visual analysis of LD. It presents core concepts related to data visualization and LD technologies, techniques employed for data visualization based on the characteristics of data, techniques for Big Data visualization, tools and use cases in the LD context, and, finally, a thorough assessment of the usability of these tools under different scenarios. The purpose of this book is to offer a complete guide to the evolution of LD visualization for interested readers from any background and to empower them to get started with the visual analysis of such data. This book can serve as a course textbook or as a primer for all those interested in LD and data visualization.