Rent Dispersion In The Us Agricultural Insurance Industry

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Rent Dispersion in the US Agricultural Insurance Industry

Smith, Vincent H.,Glauber, Joseph,Dismukes, Robert
Rent Dispersion in the US Agricultural Insurance Industry Book PDF

Author : Smith, Vincent H.,Glauber, Joseph,Dismukes, Robert
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-05-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Rent Dispersion in the US Agricultural Insurance Industry by Smith, Vincent H.,Glauber, Joseph,Dismukes, Robert Pdf

A central, but inadequately explored issue with respect to subsidized crop insurance programs concerns the costs of delivering insurance coverage to farmers. This study examines that issue in the context of the heavily subsidized US crop insurance program which has often been put forward as a model for agricultural insurance programs in other countries. US Government programs often rely on private firms to deliver income transfers or services, which then establish their own rent-seeking lobbies, which are shared with input suppliers. This rent dispersion process is examined in the context of the U.S. agricultural insurance industry, which receives as much as one third of the annual subsidies that support the federal crop insurance program. We find that as total payments to insurance companies increased between 2001 and 2009, an increasingly large share of the agricultural insurance industry’s rents accrued to insurance agents, although in markets where insurance companies possessed some oligopsony power, agent payments are smaller. The findings also suggest that the insurance industry (companies and independent agents) would almost surely provide the same service for substantially less than the gross revenues from the subsidies and underwriting gains they received.

Agricultural Policy in Disarray

Vincent H. Smith,Joseph W. Glauber,Barry K. Goodwin
Agricultural Policy in Disarray Book PDF

Author : Vincent H. Smith,Joseph W. Glauber,Barry K. Goodwin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780844750187

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Agricultural Policy in Disarray by Vincent H. Smith,Joseph W. Glauber,Barry K. Goodwin Pdf

Agricultural Policy in Disarray provides fascinating, detailed, and contemporary evidence of how rent-seeking by small, well-organized interest groups results in government policies that do little good and much harm.

United States agricultural policy

Glauber, Joseph W.,Effland, Anne
United States agricultural policy Book PDF

Author : Glauber, Joseph W.,Effland, Anne
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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United States agricultural policy by Glauber, Joseph W.,Effland, Anne Pdf

This paper examines the development of US agricultural policy and considers how it has affected US consumers and producers, as well as how US programs affect foreign producers and consumers within the context of the United States’ obligations under the World Trade Organization. Throughout its history, the United States has supported the farm sector through a myriad of policies affecting prices, production, and farm incomes. Although many of the policies put in place during the New Deal legislation in the 1930s were seen as temporary at the time, most have persisted in one form or another to the present day. And while many would argue that the form and function of today’s agricultural programs are less distortionary than before, the level of support provided to the sector is several billion dollars annually.

World Agricultural Resources and Food Security

Andrew Schmitz,P. Lynn Kennedy,Troy G. Schmitz
World Agricultural Resources and Food Security Book PDF

Author : Andrew Schmitz,P. Lynn Kennedy,Troy G. Schmitz
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787145160

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World Agricultural Resources and Food Security by Andrew Schmitz,P. Lynn Kennedy,Troy G. Schmitz Pdf

This volume analyzes food security issues such as agricultural policy, global agricultural trade, international agricultural research and development, biotechnology, climate change, food waste, and nutrition guidelines.

Advances in Spatial and Economic Modeling of Disaster Impacts

Yasuhide Okuyama,Adam Rose
Advances in Spatial and Economic Modeling of Disaster Impacts Book PDF

Author : Yasuhide Okuyama,Adam Rose
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030162375

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Advances in Spatial and Economic Modeling of Disaster Impacts by Yasuhide Okuyama,Adam Rose Pdf

This book presents essential advances in analytical frameworks and tools for modeling the spatial and economic impacts of disasters. In the wake of natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina, the Haiti Earthquake, and the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, as well as major terrorist attacks, the book analyzes disaster impacts from various perspectives, including resilience, space-time extensions, and decision-making strategies, in order to better understand how and to what extent these events impact economies and societies around the world. The contributing authors are internationally recognized experts from various disciplines, such as economics, geography, planning, regional science, civil engineering, and risk management. Thanks to the insights they provide, the book will benefit not only researchers in these and related fields, but also graduate students, disaster management professionals, and other decision-makers.

The Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States

Julian M. Alston,Abigail M. Okrent
The Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States Book PDF

Author : Julian M. Alston,Abigail M. Okrent
Publisher : Springer
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137478313

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The Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States by Julian M. Alston,Abigail M. Okrent Pdf

This book uses an economic framework to examine the consequences of U.S. farm and food policies for obesity, its social costs, and the implications for government policy. Drawing on evidence from economics, public health, nutrition, and medicine, the authors evaluate past and potential future roles of policies such as farm subsidies, public agricultural R&D, food assistance programs, taxes on particular foods (such as sodas) or nutrients (such as fat), food labeling laws, and advertising controls. The findings are mostly negative—it is generally not economic to use farm and food policies as obesity policy—but some food policies that combine incentives and information have potential to make a worthwhile impact. This book is accessible to advanced undergraduate and graduate students across the sciences and social sciences, as well as to decision-makers in the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. Winner of the Quality of Research Discovery Award from the Australasian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.

Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship ?

Deininger, Klaus,Jin, Songqing,Liu, Yanyan,Singh, Sudhir K.
Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size productivity relationship Book PDF

Author : Deininger, Klaus,Jin, Songqing,Liu, Yanyan,Singh, Sudhir K.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship ? by Deininger, Klaus,Jin, Songqing,Liu, Yanyan,Singh, Sudhir K. Pdf

To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. In addition, family labor wasmore efficient than hired labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand.

Market integration and price transmission in Tajikistan’s wheat markets

Ilyasov, Jarilkasin,Götz, Linde,Akramov, Kamiljon T.,Dorosh, Paul A.,Glauben, Thomas
Market integration and price transmission in Tajikistan s wheat markets Book PDF

Author : Ilyasov, Jarilkasin,Götz, Linde,Akramov, Kamiljon T.,Dorosh, Paul A.,Glauben, Thomas
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Market integration and price transmission in Tajikistan’s wheat markets by Ilyasov, Jarilkasin,Götz, Linde,Akramov, Kamiljon T.,Dorosh, Paul A.,Glauben, Thomas Pdf

The extent of market integration and transmission of food price shocks is a major determinant of price stability and overall food security, particularly in developing countries. Few studies have examined these issues for countries in Central Asia, however. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining wheat market integration and price transmission in Tajikistan, the most food-insecure country in Central Asia. In particular, in this study we measure how well wheat market prices in Tajikistan are integrated with international and regional markets, as well as domestically with each other. Subsequently, we assess the nature of price transmission between these markets. Using horizontal price transmission analysis and asymmetric price relationships, a.k.a. rockets and feathers, we demonstrate how prices change in peripheral food-shortage markets compared to markets located in zones with abundant local production.

Agricultural Inputs Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty

Resnick, Danielle,Mather, David
Agricultural Inputs Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : Resnick, Danielle,Mather, David
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural Inputs Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty by Resnick, Danielle,Mather, David Pdf

Ghana’s Fertilizer Subsidy Programme (GFSP) was initiated in 2008 in response to the global food and fuel price crisis. Although initially intended to be a temporary measure that became increasingly expensive as Ghana’s macroeconomy deteriorated, farmers, civil society organizations, and politicians began to expect the subsidy on an annual basis. This paper applies the kaleidoscope model for agricultur and food security policy change to the case of GFSP. In doing so, it uses a variety of analytical tools to highlight how many of the weak outcomes of GFSP can be attributed to the nature of the broader policy process that has surrounded GFSP as well as the underlying political and institutional context in which policy making occurs in Ghana. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with knowledgeable stakeholders spanning the government, donor, civil society, and research communities, the paper identifies the bottlenecks that need to be addressed if the program is to be more effective in the future.

Impacts of CAADP on Africa’s Agricultural-led Development

Benin, Samuel
Impacts of CAADP on Africa s Agricultural led Development Book PDF

Author : Benin, Samuel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impacts of CAADP on Africa’s Agricultural-led Development by Benin, Samuel Pdf

This paper uses panel data on 46 African countries from 2001 to 2014 to estimate the impacts of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), an agriculture-led integrated framework of development priorities in Africa, on agricultural expenditure and productivity, income, and nutrition. A difference-in-difference treatment-effects model (based on when a CAADP compact is signed and the level of CAADP implementation reached) and different estimation methods and model specifications are used. The results show that CAADP has had a positive impact on agricultural value-added and land and labor productivity. The impact on agriculture expenditure is generally negative, suggesting that there is a substitution effect between the government’s own funding and external sources of funding for the sector. The estimated impact on income and nutrition is generally insignificant. There are some puzzling results from the interaction between specific period of compact signing and level of implementation reached. Implications for maintaining the positive impacts, as well as for further research to understand the puzzling results, are discussed.

Do beliefs about agricultural inputs counterfeiting correspond with actual rates of counterfeiting?

Ashour, Maha, Billings, Lucy,Gilligan, Daniel,Hoel, Jessica B.,Karachiwalla, Naureen
Do beliefs about agricultural inputs counterfeiting correspond with actual rates of counterfeiting Book PDF

Author : Ashour, Maha, Billings, Lucy,Gilligan, Daniel,Hoel, Jessica B.,Karachiwalla, Naureen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Do beliefs about agricultural inputs counterfeiting correspond with actual rates of counterfeiting? by Ashour, Maha, Billings, Lucy,Gilligan, Daniel,Hoel, Jessica B.,Karachiwalla, Naureen Pdf

Adoption of productivity- and income-enhancing agricultural technologies is conspicuously low in Africa south of the Sahara. Farmers’ beliefs regarding the authenticity of agricultural inputs are important for explaining technology adoption: if farmers do not believe that inputs are genuine, they are unlikely to invest in them. The degree of alignment between beliefs about and actual counterfeiting can help explain both the social costs of the “lemons” problem, and low rates of adoption. This is the first paper to explore whether farmer beliefs regarding counterfeiting align with actual rates of counterfeiting, and we do so across a very large geographic area serving tens of thousands of farmers in Uganda using a more precise measure of counterfeiting than many previous studies. We examine the relationship between beliefs and counterfeiting using quantitative measures of farmer beliefs regarding the authenticity of herbicide in their local market as well as a large random sample of laboratory-tested herbicide samples to measure counterfeiting rates in local markets. We report evidence of considerable counterfeiting of herbicides in local markets, with nearly one in three bottles containing less than 75 percent of the labeled concentration of active ingredient. We find evidence that farmers’ beliefs regarding the extent of counterfeiting of herbicide are significantly associated with measures of the actual prevalence of counterfeiting in local markets. These results indicate that farmers are at least partly informed about the “market for lemons” problem in local input markets. However, the results also suggest that although better informed farmers imply a lower social cost of counterfeiting, the high rate of counterfeiting and the relative accuracy of farmer information contributes to low adoption of agricultural inputs in Africa.

A farm-level perspective of the policy challenges for export diversification in Malawi

Johnson, Michael E.,Edelman, Brent,Kazembe, Cynthia
A farm level perspective of the policy challenges for export diversification in Malawi Book PDF

Author : Johnson, Michael E.,Edelman, Brent,Kazembe, Cynthia
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A farm-level perspective of the policy challenges for export diversification in Malawi by Johnson, Michael E.,Edelman, Brent,Kazembe, Cynthia Pdf

The primary goal of the study is to investigate the potential to expand oilseeds, specifically soybeans,as an alternative commercialcrop to tobacco among Malawian farmers. A principal motivation for undertaking the study at the microeconomic level is to determine, in a theoretically consistent fashion, the type of policy and economic environment under which farmers begin to shift more of their scarce resources to oilseed production.The study aims to provide recommendations to a growing demand among policy makers and development partners for a greater diversification of exports and crop production systems of the majority smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using representative farm models, the study examinesthe potential for expanding production of soybeans among typical smallholder farming systems in Malawi. The results will help guide future policies and investments targeted at promoting greater crop diversification and incomes, in order to reduce poverty and malnutrition in Malawi. Given the amount of labor and land resources allocated to maize production for food security purposes, we also consider the policy challenges that emerge for crop diversification as a result

A dynamic spatial model of agricultural price transmission

Goundan, Anatole,Tankari, Mahamadou Roufahi
A dynamic spatial model of agricultural price transmission Book PDF

Author : Goundan, Anatole,Tankari, Mahamadou Roufahi
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A dynamic spatial model of agricultural price transmission by Goundan, Anatole,Tankari, Mahamadou Roufahi Pdf

Spatial interactions are essential drivers of price transmission mechanisms and may significantly affect any food’s policy outcomes. However, spatial aspects seem to be generally overlooked when analyzing price transmission. This paper attempts to fill this gap by highlighting the usefulness of spatial interaction and models for market integration analysis. A spatial dynamic panel datamodel is presented and applied to Niger’s millet market. Empirical results show that (1) the millet market is partly integrated, (2) locally traded commodities (millet and sorghum) are linked by a cross-commodity price transmission, (3) most imported cereals prices, which for Niger is maize and rice, did not affect the millet market, and (4) no cross-regions price transmissionoccurred for the millet market.

The distribution of power and household behavior

Wouterse, Fleur Stephanie
The distribution of power and household behavior Book PDF

Author : Wouterse, Fleur Stephanie
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The distribution of power and household behavior by Wouterse, Fleur Stephanie Pdf

Niger is a landlocked Sahelian country, two-thirds of which is in the Sahara desert. Although only one-eighth of the land considered arable, more than 90 percent of Niger’s labor force is employed in agriculture, which is predominantly subsistence oriented. Food security remains a major challenge in rural areas of Niger, and gender is a significant basis for the inequality among household members with respect to access to land. Access to land, which is a measure of the income-earning potential of an individual, is an important determinant of the distribution of bargaining power within the household. Because households may not act in a unitary manner when making decisions, the power of individuals within the household to exert their own preferences may determine welfare outcomes, such as spending on nutritious foods or healthcare. In this paper, we use new data for Niger and regression analyses to assess the importance of the intrahousehold distribution of power for the behavior of rural households. Our results reveal that men are significantly more empowered than women in rural households in Niger and that social protection programs such as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and food-for-training contribute significantly to the empowerment of women. Our findings also point to the validity of the collective approach to modeling household behavior, as the distribution of power was shown to affect household behavior. In particular, we found that an increase in power in favor of the adult female significantly increases expenditures on healthcare and reduces spending on vices (cigarettes and alcohol).

A systematic review of cross-country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries

Anson, Richard,Mogues, Tewodaj
A systematic review of cross country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries Book PDF

Author : Anson, Richard,Mogues, Tewodaj
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A systematic review of cross-country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries by Anson, Richard,Mogues, Tewodaj Pdf

This study reviews all of the relevant data and analytical initiatives or activities that focus on or include agricultural public expenditure (AgPE) in developing and transitioning countries. In addition to taking stock of such initiatives, we carry out a comparison of relevant features, describe differences and similarities, and identify possible avenues for greater collaboration and complementarity, including the use of selected empirical examples arising from the comparative review.