Reward And Punishment In Social Dilemmas

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Reward and Punishment in Social Dilemmas

Paul A.M. Van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi
Reward and Punishment in Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Paul A.M. Van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199300754

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Reward and Punishment in Social Dilemmas by Paul A.M. Van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi Pdf

One of the key scientific challenges is the puzzle of human cooperation. Why do people cooperate? Why do people help strangers, even sometimes at a major cost to themselves? Why do people want to punish others who violate norms and undermine collective interests? Reward and punishment is a classic theme in research on social dilemmas. More recently, it has received considerable attention from scientists working in various disciplines such as economics, neuroscience, and psychology. We know now that reward and punishment can promote cooperation in so-called public good dilemmas, where people need to decide how much from their personal resources to contribute to the public good. Clearly, enjoying the contributions of others while not contributing is tempting. Punishment (and reward) are effective in reducing free-riding. Yet the recent explosion of research has also triggered many questions. For example, who can reward and punish most effectively? Is punishment effective in any culture? What are the emotions that accompany reward and punishment? Even if reward and punishment are effective, are they also efficient -- knowing that rewards and punishment are costly to administer? How can sanctioning systems best organized to be reduce free-riding? The chapters in this book, the first in a series on human cooperation, explore the workings of reward and punishment, how they should be organized, and their functions in society, thereby providing a synthesis of the psychology, economics, and neuroscience of human cooperation.

New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas

Anders Biel,Daniel Eek,Tommy Garling,Mathias Gustafson
New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Anders Biel,Daniel Eek,Tommy Garling,Mathias Gustafson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780387725963

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New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas by Anders Biel,Daniel Eek,Tommy Garling,Mathias Gustafson Pdf

Readers need look no further if they seeking an edited volume compiled to present the latest developments in the field of social dilemma research. Social dilemmas are situations when there is a conflict between self-interest and collective interest. This work examines under what circumstances people make decisions that are in line with the collective interest as well as investigating what can increase the likelihood of cooperation. Three man sections mirror the different levels of analysis: individual, group, and societal.

Social Dilemmas

Wim Liebrand,David Messick,Henk Wilke
Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Wim Liebrand,David Messick,Henk Wilke
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134675364

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Social Dilemmas by Wim Liebrand,David Messick,Henk Wilke Pdf

This book describes the advances and insights made by social scientists from around the world into the understanding and resolution of social dilemmas. Each chapter discusses its own research findings against the background of a more comprehensive view of social dilemnas.

Social Dilemmas and Cooperation

Ulrich Schulz,Wulf Albers,Ulrich Mueller
Social Dilemmas and Cooperation Book PDF

Author : Ulrich Schulz,Wulf Albers,Ulrich Mueller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3642788629

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Social Dilemmas and Cooperation by Ulrich Schulz,Wulf Albers,Ulrich Mueller Pdf

A social dilemma is a game which at first glance has only inefficient solutions. If efficient solutions are to be achieved, some kind of cooperation among the players is required. This book asks two basic questions, closely intertwined with each other: 1. How is cooperation possible among rational players in such a social dilemma? Which changes in the social context of a social dilemma situation are necessary in order for players to rationally choose the cooperative option? 2. How do real players actually behave in social dilemma situations? Do they behave "rationally" at all? Or, conversely, what kind of reasoning, attitudes, emotions, etc. shape the behavior of real players in social dilemmas? What kind of interventions, what kind of internal mechanisms within a real group may change players' willingness to cooperate? These two general questions mark the broad spectrum of the problem which has been, over the last three decades, investigated in various disciplines, and which has brought many new ideas and new observations into the study of the old question of social order in a world of born egoists. Accordingly, this volume contains contributions by biologists, sociologists, political scientists, economists, mathematicians, psychologists, and philosophers.

Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation

Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka
Social dilemmas institutions and the evolution of cooperation Book PDF

Author : Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110472974

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Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation by Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka Pdf

The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a “war of all against all” has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. The collection of articles in this book gives an overview of state-of-the-art research on social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation. It covers theoretical contributions and offers a broad range of examples on how theoretical insights can be empirically verified and applied to cooperation problems in everyday life. By bringing together a group of distinguished scholars, the book fills an important gap in sociological scholarship and addresses some of the most interesting questions of human sociality.

Understanding the Human Factor of the Energy Transition: Mechanisms Underlying Energy-Relevant Decisions and Behaviors

Tobias Brosch,David Sander,Martin K. Patel
Understanding the Human Factor of the Energy Transition Mechanisms Underlying Energy Relevant Decisions and Behaviors Book PDF

Author : Tobias Brosch,David Sander,Martin K. Patel
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-27
Category : Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
ISBN : 9782889198801

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Understanding the Human Factor of the Energy Transition: Mechanisms Underlying Energy-Relevant Decisions and Behaviors by Tobias Brosch,David Sander,Martin K. Patel Pdf

An increasing number of countries are shifting toward sustainable energy economies, emphasizing the use of renewable energy sources, increases in energy efficiency and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. The success of such an energy transition will depend not only on the development of new energy technologies, but also on major changes in the patterns of individual energy-related decisions and behaviors resulting in substantial reductions in energy demand. Consequently, the behavioral sciences can make important contributions to the energy transition by increasing our understanding of the multiple factors and mechanisms that underlie individual as well as group-based decisions and behaviors in the energy domain and by creating a basis for systematic interventions that reduce energy usage. Many different types of relevant behaviors and decisions need to be considered in this context, including decisions to invest in energy-efficient household equipment, adjustments of energy-critical habits related to heating, eating, or mode of transportation, and participation in the political discourse related to questions of energy. An integration of the expertise of the different disciplines of the behavioral sciences is thus needed to comprehensively investigate the impact of the different drivers and barriers that may determine energy-related decisions and behaviors, including economic factors such as price level, social factors such as norms, communication patterns and social learning processes, and individual factors such as values, attitudes, beliefs, heuristics, affective biases and emotions. The potential impact of these factors on the success of the energy transition is considerable: for example, a recent projection of the energy demand in Switzerland until 2050 has estimated the reduction potential related to psychological and sociological factors between 0% and 30%, depending on which behavioral changes will be implemented in society. Increased research efforts from the behavioral sciences are required to ensure that the full reduction potential can be achieved. This Research Topic brings together contributions from different disciplines such as psychology, affective science, behavioral economics, economics, sociology, consumer behavior, business science, sociology, and political science, that improve our understanding of the many factors underlying decision-making and behavior in the energy domain, and contribute to the development of targeted interventions that aim at reducing energy demand based on these factors.

Social Psychology and Politics

Joseph P. Forgas,Klaus Fiedler,William D. Crano
Social Psychology and Politics Book PDF

Author : Joseph P. Forgas,Klaus Fiedler,William D. Crano
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317508984

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Social Psychology and Politics by Joseph P. Forgas,Klaus Fiedler,William D. Crano Pdf

Social psychology and politics are intricately related, and understanding how humans manage power and govern themselves is one of the key issues in psychology. This volume surveys the latest theoretical and empirical work on the social psychology of politics, featuring cutting-edge research from a stellar group of international researchers. It is organized into four main sections that deal with political attitudes and values; political communication and perceptions; social cognitive processes in political decisions; and the politics of intergroup behavior and social identity. The contributions address such exciting questions as how do political attitudes and values develop and change? What role do emotions and moral values play in political behavior? How do political messages and the media influence political perceptions? What are the psychological requirements of effective democratic decision making, and why do democracies sometimes fail? How can intergroup harmony be developed, and what is the role of social identity in political processes? As such, this volume integrates the role of cognitive, affective, social and cultural influences on political perception and behavior, offering an overview of the psychological mechanisms underlying political processes. It provides essential reading for teachers, students, researchers and practitioners in areas related to power, social influence and political behavior.

Social Dilemmas

Paul A. M. Van Lange,Daniel P. Balliet,Craig D. Parks,Mark van Vugt
Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Paul A. M. Van Lange,Daniel P. Balliet,Craig D. Parks,Mark van Vugt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199897612

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Social Dilemmas by Paul A. M. Van Lange,Daniel P. Balliet,Craig D. Parks,Mark van Vugt Pdf

This volume provides a psychological overview of research on human cooperation, while discussing evolutionary and cultural perspectives, along with applications in the management, environment, national security, and health.

Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology

Michael A. Hogg,Scott Tindale
Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology Book PDF

Author : Michael A. Hogg,Scott Tindale
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 712 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780470998441

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Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology by Michael A. Hogg,Scott Tindale Pdf

This handbook provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. The topics covered include group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. Provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. Written by leading researchers from around the world to provide a classic and current overview of research as well as providing a description of future trends within the area. Includes coverage of group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. Essential reading for any serious scholar of group behavior. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com

Prescription for Social Dilemmas

Satoshi Fujii
Prescription for Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Satoshi Fujii
Publisher : Springer
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9784431556183

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Prescription for Social Dilemmas by Satoshi Fujii Pdf

This book provides a theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic understanding of social dilemmas (SDs). A SD is a social situation where cooperation maximizing collective or social profit is different from defection maximizing individual profit. Problems arise when too many group members choose to pursue individual profit and immediate satisfaction rather than behave in the group’s best long-term interests. The problems include an environmental problem and various types of urban, economic, and political problems. Most books treating SDs are not monographs but are proceedings or omnibus volumes written by different researchers. Few monographs have been published for SDs, but those few deal only with basic theories and empirical findings. This book, by contrast, is a monograph by a single author and provides complete coverage from basic theories in Part I to applied theories and pragmatic solutions for urban, transportation, and environmental problems in Parts II and III. Various types of strategies are proposed in this book to overcome the problems caused by SDs in various situations based on the basic theories of those dilemmas. The strategies are psychological and structural ones. The book includes theories, empirical evidence in experiments, and practical policies in the real world for these strategies. Thus, the work effectively provides a bridge between basic behavioral scientists, applied behavioral scientists, and practitioners. With this useful source, basic scientists will understand how to apply their scientific knowledge to the real world and also will encounter new scientific problems that should be solved scientifically. Applied researchers and specialists will become familiar with new solutions through basic research on SDs and will be made aware of new pragmatic problems that should be solved with a practical approach.

The Rewards of Punishment

Christine Horne
The Rewards of Punishment Book PDF

Author : Christine Horne
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780804771221

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The Rewards of Punishment by Christine Horne Pdf

The Rewards of Punishment describes a new social theory of norms to provide a compelling explanation why people punish. Identifying mechanisms that link interdependence with norm enforcement, it reveals how social relationships lead individuals to enforce norms, even when doing so makes little sense. This groundbreaking book tells the whole story, from ideas, to experiments, to real-world applications. In addition to addressing longstanding theoretical puzzles—such as why harmful behavior is not always punished, why individuals enforce norms in ways that actually hurt the group, why people enforce norms that benefit others rather than themselves, why groups punish behavior that has only trivial effects, and why atypical behaviors are sometimes punished and sometimes not—it explores the implications of the theory for substantive issues, including norms regulating sex, crime, and international human rights.

Trust in Social Dilemmas

Paul A. M. van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi
Trust in Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Paul A. M. van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190630782

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Trust in Social Dilemmas by Paul A. M. van Lange,Bettina Rockenbach,Toshio Yamagishi Pdf

One of the key scientific challenges is the puzzle of human cooperation. Why do people cooperate with one another? What causes individuals to lend a helping hand to a stranger, even if it comes at a major cost to their own well-being? Why do people severely punish those who violate social norms and undermine the collective interest? Edited by Paul A.M. Van Lange, Bettina Rockenbach, and Toshio Yamagishi, Trust in Social Dilemmas carefully considers the role of trust in establishing, promoting, and maintaining overall human cooperation. By exploring the impact of trust and effective cooperation on relationships, organizations, and communities, Trust in Social Dilemmas draws inspiration from the fact that social dilemmas, defined in terms of conflicts between self-interest and the collective interest, are omnipresent in today's society. In capturing the breadth and relevance of trust to social dilemmas and human cooperation more generally, this book is structured in three effective parts for readers: the biology and development of trust; the importance of trust for groups and organizations; and how trust factors across the overall health of today's society. As Van Lange, Rockenbach, Yamagishi, and their team of expert contributors all explore in this compelling new volume, there is little doubt that trust and cooperation are intimately related in most - if not all - of our social dilemmas.

Social Dilemmas

Samuel S Komorita
Social Dilemmas Book PDF

Author : Samuel S Komorita
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429965845

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Social Dilemmas by Samuel S Komorita Pdf

Emphasizing real-world examples, Komorita and Parks illustrate both the theoretical and the ecological relevance of social dilemmas, focusing on "exchange theory" to explain how conflicts are resolved. This book is appropriate for students of psychology, political science, and sociology.

Social Decision Making

Roderick M. Kramer,Ann E. Tenbrunsel,Max H. Bazerman
Social Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Roderick M. Kramer,Ann E. Tenbrunsel,Max H. Bazerman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-06-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135419172

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Social Decision Making by Roderick M. Kramer,Ann E. Tenbrunsel,Max H. Bazerman Pdf

This book, in honor of David Messick, is about social decisions and the role cooperation plays in social life. Noted contributors who worked with Dave over the years will discuss their work in social judgment, decision making and ethics which was so important to Dave. The book offers a unique and valuable contribution to the fields of social psychology and organizational behavior. Ethical decision making, a central focus of this volume, is highly relevant to current scholarship and research in both disciplines. The volume will be suitable for graduate level courses in organizational behavior, social psychology, business ethics, and sociology.

The Drama of the Commons

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change
The Drama of the Commons Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2002-03-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309082501

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The Drama of the Commons by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change Pdf

The "tragedy of the commons" is a central concept in human ecology and the study of the environment. It has had tremendous value for stimulating research, but it only describes the reality of human-environment interactions in special situations. Research over the past thirty years has helped clarify how human motivations, rules governing access to resources, the structure of social organizations, and the resource systems themselves interact to determine whether or not the many dramas of the commons end happily. In this book, leaders in the field review the evidence from several disciplines and many lines of research and present a state-of-the-art assessment. They summarize lessons learned and identify the major challenges facing any system of governance for resource management. They also highlight the major challenges for the next decade: making knowledge development more systematic; understanding institutions dynamically; considering a broader range of resources (such as global and technological commons); and taking into account the effects of social and historical context. This book will be a valuable and accessible introduction to the field for students and a resource for advanced researchers.