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Author : Igor Djerdj
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783038975274
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Rietveld Refinement in the Characterization of Crystalline Materials" that was published in Crystals
Author : Igor Djerdj
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 3038975281
This Special Issue serves as a crystallographic forum covering various aspects of material science that have in common the use of the powerful Rietveld method in the analysis of the powder XRD patterns of investigated compounds.
Author : Robert Alan Young
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : STANFORD:36105003457855
The Rietveld method is a powerful and relatively new method for extracting detailed crystal structural information from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Since such structural details dictate much of the physical and chemical attributes of materials, knowledge of them is crucial to our understanding of those properties and our ability to manipulate them. Since most materials of technological interest are not available as single crystals but often are available only in polycrystalline or powder form, the Rietveld method has become very important and is now widely used in all branches of science that deal with materials at the atomic level. This book, a collaboration by many authorities in the field, is intended primarily to have tutorial and advisory value for those who already have some experience with this important method, but an introductory chapter enables the book to be used as a first text for researchers starting in this area of science. The audience is thus comprised of all scientists using the method: graduate students who may be starting research in this area, powder diffraction specialists, crystallographers, physicists, chemists, and materials scientists.
Author : Robert E. Dinnebier,Andreas Leineweber,John S.O. Evans
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110461381
Almost 50 years have passed since the famous papers of Hugo Rietveld from the late sixties where he describes a method for the refinement of crystal structures from neutron powder diffraction data. Soon after, the potential of the method for laboratory X-ray powder diffraction was discovered. Although the method is now widely accepted, there are still many pitfalls in the theoretical understanding and in practical daily use. This book closes the gap with a theoretical introduction for each chapter followed by a practical approach.The flexible macro type language of the Topas Rietveld software can be considered as the defacto standard.
Author : Vitalij Pecharsky,Peter Zavalij
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 751 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387095790
A little over ?ve years have passed since the ?rst edition of this book appeared in print. Seems like an instant but also eternity, especially considering numerous developments in the hardware and software that have made it from the laboratory test beds into the real world of powder diffraction. This prompted a revision, which had to be beyond cosmetic limits. The book was, and remains focused on standard laboratory powder diffractometry. It is still meant to be used as a text for teaching students about the capabilities and limitations of the powder diffraction method. We also hope that it goes beyond a simple text, and therefore, is useful as a reference to practitioners of the technique. The original book had seven long chapters that may have made its use as a text - convenient. So the second edition is broken down into 25 shorter chapters. The ?rst ?fteen are concerned with the fundamentals of powder diffraction, which makes it much more logical, considering a typical 16-week long semester. The last ten ch- ters are concerned with practical examples of structure solution and re?nement, which were preserved from the ?rst edition and expanded by another example – R solving the crystal structure of Tylenol .
Author : Georg Will
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2006-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540279860
Crystal structure analysis from powder diffraction data has attracted considerable and ever growing interest in the last decades. X-ray powder diffraction is best known for phase analysis (Hanawalt files) dating back to the 30s. In the late 60s the inherent potential of powder diffraction for crystallographic problems was realized and scientists developed methods for using powder diffraction data at first only for the refinement of crystal structures. With the development of ever growing computer power profile fitting and pattern decomposition allowed to extract individual intensities from overlapping diffraction peaks opening the way to many other applications, especially to ab initio structure determination. Powder diffraction today is used in X-ray and neutron diffraction, where it is a powerful method in neutron diffraction for the determination of magnetic structures. In the last decade the interest has dramatically improved. There is hardly any field of crystallography where the Rietveld, or full pattern method has not been tried with quantitative phase analysis the most important recent application.
Author : Henryk Morawiec,Danuta Stroz
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814549646
This volume covers the following areas — phase characterisation using diffraction methods; correction factors in powder diffraction; Rietveld method application; substructure analysis in textured materials; texture inhomogeneity and its determination; new X-ray diffraction methods; small angle scattering studies in crystalline and amorphous solids; X-Ray stress analysis; phase transitions particularly crystallography and pecularities of the reversible martensitic transformation; structure on non-crystalline materials and their crystallisation; structure and properties of new materials.
Author : Eric J. Mittemeijer,Paolo Scardi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 557 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662067239
Overview of diffraction methods applied to the analysis of the microstructure of materials. Since crystallite size and the presence of lattice defects have a decisive influence on the properties of many engineering materials, information about this microstructure is of vital importance in developing and assessing materials for practical applications. The most powerful and usually non-destructive evaluation techniques available are X-ray and neutron diffraction. The book details, among other things, diffraction-line broadening methods for determining crystallite size and atomic-scale strain due, e.g. to dislocations, and methods for the analysis of residual (macroscale) stress. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and supplies readers sufficient information to apply the methods themselves.
Author : Stroz Danuta,Morawiec Henryk
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1998-08-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814545556
The need to investigate functional differential equations with discontinuous delays is addressed in this book. Recording the work and findings of several scientists on differential equations with piecewise continuous arguments over the last few years, this book serves as a useful source of reference. Great interest is placed on discussing the stability, oscillation and periodic properties of the solutions. Considerable attention is also given to the study of initial and boundary-value problems for partial differential equations of mathematical physics with discontinuous time delays. In fact, a large part of the book is devoted to the exploration of differential and functional differential equations in spaces of generalized functions (distributions) and contains a wealth of new information in this area. Each topic discussed appears to provide ample opportunity for extending the known results. A list of new research topics and open problems is also included as an update.
Author : Vitalij Pecharsky,Peter Zavalij
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2003-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1402073658
Requires no prior knowledge of the subject, but is comprehensive and detailed making it useful for both the novice and experienced user of the powder diffraction method. Useful for any scientific or engineering background, where precise structural information is required. Comprehensively describes the state-of-the-art in structure determination from powder diffraction data both theoretically and practically using multiple examples of varying complexity. Pays particular attention to the utilization of Internet resources, especially the well-tested and freely available computer codes designed for processing of powder diffraction data.
Author : René Guinebretière
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118613955
This book presents a physical approach to the diffraction phenomenon and its applications in materials science. An historical background to the discovery of X-ray diffraction is first outlined. Next, Part 1 gives a description of the physical phenomenon of X-ray diffraction on perfect and imperfect crystals. Part 2 then provides a detailed analysis of the instruments used for the characterization of powdered materials or thin films. The description of the processing of measured signals and their results is also covered, as are recent developments relating to quantitative microstructural analysis of powders or epitaxial thin films on the basis of X-ray diffraction. Given the comprehensive coverage offered by this title, anyone involved in the field of X-ray diffraction and its applications will find this of great use.
Author : Duncan W. Bruce,Dermot O'Hare,Richard I. Walton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118695715
Inorganic materials show a diverse range of important properties that are desirable for many contemporary, real-world applications. Good examples include recyclable battery cathode materials for energy storage and transport, porous solids for capture and storage of gases and molecular complexes for use in electronic devices. An understanding of the function of these materials is necessary in order to optimise their behaviour for real applications, hence the importance of 'structure–property relationships'. The chapters presented in this volume deal with recent advances in the characterisation of crystalline materials. They include some familiar diffraction methods, thoroughly updated with modern advances. Also included are techniques that can now probe details of the three-dimensional arrangements of atoms in nanocrystalline solids, allowing aspects of disorder to be studied. Small-angle scattering, a technique that is often overlooked, can probe both ordered and disordered structures of materials at longer length scales than those probed by powder diffraction methods. Addressing both physical principals and recent advances in their applications, Structure from Diffraction Methods covers: Powder Diffraction X-Ray and Neutron Single-Crystal Diffraction PDF Analysis of Nanoparticles Electron Crystallography Small-Angle Scattering Ideal as a complementary reference work to other volumes in the series (Local Structural Characterisation and Multi Length-Scale Characterisation), or as an examination of the specific characterisation techniques in their own right, Structure from Diffraction Methods is a valuable addition to the Inorganic Materials Series.
Author : Abdulrahman Shahul Hameed
Publisher : Springer
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811023026
This thesis outlines the investigation of various electrode materials for Li-ion battery (LIB) applications. Li-ion batteries are widely used in various portable electronic devices owing to their compactness, light weight, longer life, design flexibility and environment friendliness. This work describes the detailed synthesis and structural studies of various novel phosphate based cathode materials and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites as anode materials. Their electrochemical characterization as electrode for LIBs has been investigated in detail. The thesis also includes a comprehensive introduction for non-specialists in this field. The research could benefit and will appeal to scientists, especially new researchers working in the field of energy storage.
Author : Ute Kolb,Kenneth Shankland,Louisa Meshi,Anatoly Avilov,William I.F David
Publisher : Springer
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400755802
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination. This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Author : Kalim Deshmukh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 796 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780443190117
Functionalized Magnetic Nanosystems for Diagnostic Tools and Devices: Current and Emerging Research Trends explores the various aspects of functionalization of magnetic nanosystems in great detail, providing a thorough review of the associated benefits and challenges. The book begins with an overview of each key pillar for the design and application of functionalized magnetic nanosystems, from the synthesis, processing methods, and characterization techniques, to biocompatibility and toxicity considerations. Later chapters focus on specific nanomaterials and targeted biomedical applications, including point-of-care diagnosis, cancer therapy, medical imaging, biosensing and more. Importance is given to the safety considerations; environmental, legal and ethical implications, and commercial aspects of functionalized magnetic nanosystems - providing guidance relevant for advancing research into clinical practice. Provides an overview of fundamentals in the design and application of magnetic nanosystems, from synthesis and processing to functionalization and toxicity assessment Explores research in industry and clinical practice, providing insights into ethical, environmental, legal, and commercial aspects Covers a wide range of diagnostic applications for functionalized magnetic nanosystems, such as in medical imaging, drug detection, tissue engineering, and more