Rural Space In The Middle Ages And Early Modern Age

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Rural Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Rural Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 930 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-29
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110285420

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Rural Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Older research on the premodern world limited its focus on the Church, the court, and, more recently, on urban space. The present volume invites readers to consider the meaning of rural space, both in light of ecocritical readings and social-historical approaches. While previous scholars examined the figure of the peasant in the premodern world, the current volume combines a large number of specialized studies that investigate how the natural environment and the appearance of members of the rural population interacted with the world of the court and of the city. The experience in rural space was important already for writers and artists in the premodern era, as the large variety of scholarly approaches indicates. The present volume signals how much the surprisingly close interaction between members of the aristocratic and of the peasant class determined many literary and art-historical works. In a surprisingly large number of cases we can even discover elements of utopia hidden in rural space. We also observe how much the rural world was a significant element already in early-medieval mentality. Moreover, as many authors point out, the impact of natural forces on premodern society was tremendous, if not catastrophic.

Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 769 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110223897

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Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Although the city as a central entity did not simply disappear with the Fall of the Roman Empire, the development of urban space at least since the twelfth century played a major role in the history of medieval and early modern mentality within a social-economic and religious framework. Whereas some poets projected urban space as a new utopia, others simply reflected the new significance of the urban environment as a stage where their characters operate very successfully. As today, the premodern city was the locus where different social groups and classes got together, sometimes peacefully, sometimes in hostile terms. The historical development of the relationship between Christians and Jews, for instance, was deeply determined by the living conditions within a city. By the late Middle Ages, nobility and bourgeoisie began to intermingle within the urban space, which set the stage for dramatic and far-reaching changes in the social and economic make-up of society. Legal-historical aspects also find as much consideration as practical questions concerning water supply and sewer systems. Moreover, the early modern city within the Ottoman and Middle Eastern world likewise finds consideration. Finally, as some contributors observe, the urban space provided considerable opportunities for women to carve out a niche for themselves in economic terms.

Travel, Time, and Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time

Albrecht Classen
Travel Time and Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 723 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110610963

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Travel, Time, and Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Research on medieval and early modern travel literature has made great progress, which now allows us to take the next step and to analyze the correlations between the individual and space throughout time, which contributed essentially to identity formation in many different settings. The contributors to this volume engage with a variety of pre-modern texts, images, and other documents related to travel and the individual's self-orientation in foreign lands and make an effort to determine the concept of identity within a spatial framework often determined by the meeting of various cultures. Moreover, objects, images and words can also travel and connect people from different worlds through books. The volume thus brings together new scholarship focused on the interrelationship of travel, space, time, and individuality, which also includes, of course, women's movement through the larger world, whether in concrete terms or through proxy travel via readings. Travel here is also examined with respect to craftsmen's activities at various sites, artists' employment for many different projects all over Europe and elsewhere, and in terms of metaphysical experiences (catabasis).

Pleasure and Leisure in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Pleasure and Leisure in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 946 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110623703

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Pleasure and Leisure in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Jan Huizinga and Roger Caillois have already taught us to realize how important games and play have been for pre-modern civilization. Recent research has begun to acknowledge the fundamental importance of these aspects in cultural, religious, philosophical, and literary terms. This volume expands on the traditional approach still very much focused on the materiality of game (toys, cards, dice, falcons, dolls, etc.) and acknowledges that game constituted also a form of coming to terms with human existence in an unstable and volatile world determined by universal randomness and fortune. Whether considering blessings or horse fighting, falconry or card games, playing with dice or dolls, we can gain a much deeper understanding of medieval and early modern society when we consider how people pursued pleasure and how they structured their leisure time. The contributions examine a wide gamut of approaches to pleasure, considering health issues, eroticism, tournaments, playing music, reading and listening, drinking alcohol, gambling and throwing dice. This large issue was also relevant, of course, in non-Christian societies, and constitutes a critical concern both for the past and the present because we are all homines ludentes.

Imagination and Fantasy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time

Albrecht Classen
Imagination and Fantasy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110693782

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Imagination and Fantasy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time by Albrecht Classen Pdf

The notions of other peoples, cultures, and natural conditions have always been determined by the epistemology of imagination and fantasy, providing much freedom and creativity, and yet have also created much fear, anxiety, and horror. In this regard, the pre-modern world demonstrates striking parallels with our own insofar as the projections of alterity might be different by degrees, but they are fundamentally the same by content. Dreams, illusions, projections, concepts, hopes, utopias/dystopias, desires, and emotional attachments are as specific and impactful as the physical environment. This volume thus sheds important light on the various lenses used by people in the Middle Ages and the early modern age as to how they came to terms with their perceptions, images, and notions. Previous scholarship focused heavily on the history of mentality and history of emotions, whereas here the history of pre-modern imagination, and fantasy assumes center position. Imaginary things are taken seriously because medieval and early modern writers and artists clearly reveal their great significance in their works and their daily lives. This approach facilitates a new deep-structure analysis of pre-modern culture.

Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen,Connie Scarborough
Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen,Connie Scarborough
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-30
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110294583

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Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen,Connie Scarborough Pdf

All societies are constructed, based on specific rules, norms, and laws. Hence, all ethics and morality are predicated on perceived right or wrong behavior, and much of human culture proves to be the result of a larger discourse on vices and virtues, transgression and ideals, right and wrong. The topics covered in this volume, addressing fundamental concerns of the premodern world, deal with allegedly criminal, or simply wrong behavior which demanded punishment. Sometimes this affected whole groups of people, such as the innocently persecuted Jews, sometimes individuals, such as violent and evil princes. The issue at stake here embraces all of society since it can only survive if a general framework is observed that is based in some way on justice and peace. But literature and the visual arts provide many examples of open and public protests against wrongdoings, ill-conceived ideas and concepts, and stark crimes, such as theft, rape, and murder. In fact, poetic statements or paintings could carry significant potentials against those who deliberately transgressed moral and ethical norms, or who even targeted themselves.

Mental Health, Spirituality, and Religion in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Mental Health Spirituality and Religion in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 744 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-28
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110361643

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Mental Health, Spirituality, and Religion in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

This volume continues the critical exploration of fundamental issues in the medieval and early modern world, here concerning mental health, spirituality, melancholy, mystical visions, medicine, and well-being. The contributors, who originally had presented their research at a symposium at The University of Arizona in May 2013, explore a wide range of approaches and materials pertinent to these issues, taking us from the early Middle Ages to the eighteenth century, capping the volume with some reflections on the relevance of religion today. Lapidary sciences matter here as much as medical-psychological research, combined with literary and art-historical approaches. The premodern understanding of mental health is not taken as a miraculous panacea for modern problems, but the contributors suggest that medieval and early modern writers, scientists, and artists commanded a considerable amount of arcane, sometimes curious and speculative, knowledge that promises to be of value and relevance even for us today, once again. Modern palliative medicine finds, for instance, intriguing parallels in medieval word magic, and the mystical perspectives encapsulated highly productive alternative perceptions of the macrocosm and microcosm that promise to be insightful and important also for the post-modern world.

Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-12
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110471441

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Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Bi- and multilingualism are of great interest for contemporary linguists since this phenomenon deeply reflects on language acquisition, language use, and sociolinguistic conditions in many different circumstances all over the world. Multilingualism was, however, certainly rather common already, if not especially, in the premodern world. For some time now, research has started to explore this issue through a number of specialized studies. The present volume continues with the investigation of multilingualism through a collection of case studies focusing on important examples in medieval and early modern societies, that is, in linguistic and cultural contact zones, such as England, Spain, the Holy Land, but also the New World. As all contributors confirm, the numerous cases of multilingualism discussed here indicate strongly that the premodern period knew considerably less barriers between people of different social classes, cultural background, and religious orientation. But we also have to acknowledge that already then human communication could fail because of linguistic hurdles which prevented mutual understanding in religious and cultural terms.

Globalism in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Globalism in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 652 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9783111190228

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Globalism in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Although it is fashionable among modernists to claim that globalism emerged only since ca. 1800, the opposite can well be documented through careful comparative and transdisciplinary studies, as this volume demonstrates, offering a wide range of innovative perspectives on often neglected literary, philosophical, historical, or medical documents. Texts, images, ideas, knowledge, and objects migrated throughout the world already in the pre-modern world, even if the quantitative level compared to the modern world might have been different. In fact, by means of translations and trade, for instance, global connections were established and maintained over the centuries. Archetypal motifs developed in many literatures indicate how much pre-modern people actually shared. But we also discover hard-core facts of global economic exchange, import of exotic medicine, and, on another level, intensive intellectual debates on religious issues. Literary evidence serves best to expose the extent to which contacts with people in foreign countries were imaginable, often desirable, and at times feared, of course. The pre-modern world was much more on the move and reached out to distant lands out of curiosity, economic interests, and political and military concerns. Diplomats crisscrossed the continents, and artists, poets, and craftsmen traveled widely. We can identify, for instance, both the Vikings and the Arabs as global players long before the rise of modern globalism, so this volume promises to rewrite many of our traditional notions about pre-modern worldviews, economic conditions, and the literary sharing on a global level, as perhaps best expressed by the genre of the fable.

Handbook of Medieval Culture

Albrecht Classen
Handbook of Medieval Culture Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 747 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110377613

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Handbook of Medieval Culture by Albrecht Classen Pdf

A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defining the medieval world as comprehensively as possible. The topics covered in this new handbook pertain to issues such as love and marriage, belief in God, hell, and the devil, education, lordship and servitude, Christianity versus Judaism and Islam, health, medicine, the rural world, the rise of the urban class, travel, roads and bridges, entertainment, games, and sport activities, numbers, measuring, the education system, the papacy, saints, the senses, death, and money.

Communication, Translation, and Community in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period

Albrecht Classen
Communication Translation and Community in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110776874

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Communication, Translation, and Community in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Die neue englischsprachige Reihe zur Mediävistik strebt eine methodisch reflektierte, anspruchsvolle Verbindung von Text- und Kulturwissenschaft an. Sie widmet sich den kulturellen Grundthemen der mittelalterlichen Welt aus der Perspektive der Literatur- und Geschichtswissenschaft. ‚Grundthemen' sind die kulturprägenden Denkbilder, Weltanschauungen, Sozialstrukturen und Alltagsbedingungen des mittelalterlichen Lebens, also z. B. Kindheit und Alter, Sexualität, Religion, Medizin, Rituale, Arbeit, Armut und Reichtum, Aberglauben, Erde und Kosmos, Stadt und Land, Krieg, Emotionen, Kommunikation, Reisen usw. Die Reihe greift wichtige aktuelle Fachdiskussionen auf und stellt ein Forum der interdisziplinären Mittelalter-Forschung dar. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture steht Sammelbänden ebenso offen wie Monographien. Intention ist immer, kompendienhafte Werke zu zentralen Fragen der mittelalterlichen Kulturgeschichte vorzulegen, die einen soliden Überblick über einen geschlossenen Themenkreis aus der Perspektive verschiedener Fachdisziplinen vermitteln. Im Ganzen bietet die Reihe so eine Enzyklopädie der mittelalterlichen Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte und ihrer Hauptthemen. Es werden ca. zwei Bände pro Jahr erscheinen.

East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Albrecht Classen
East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 827 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783110321517

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East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times by Albrecht Classen Pdf

This new volume explores the surprisingly intense and complex relationships between East and West during the Middle Ages and the early modern world, combining a large number of critical studies representing such diverse fields as literary (German, French, Italian, English, Spanish, and Arabic) and other subdisciplines of history, religion, anthropology, and linguistics. The differences between Islam and Christianity erected strong barriers separating two global cultures, but, as this volume indicates, despite many attempts to 'Other' the opposing side, the premodern world experienced an astonishing degree of contacts, meetings, exchanges, and influences. Scientists, travelers, authors, medical researchers, chroniclers, diplomats, and merchants criss-crossed the East and the West, or studied the sources produced by the other culture for many different reasons. As much as the theoretical concept of 'Orientalism' has been useful in sensitizing us to the fundamental tensions and conflicts separating both worlds at least since the eighteenth century, the premodern world did not quite yet operate in such an ideological framework. Even though the Crusades had violently pitted Christians against Muslims, there were countless contacts and a palpitable curiosity on both sides both before, during, and after those religious warfares.

Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age

Albrecht Classen
Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-19
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781793648297

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Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age by Albrecht Classen Pdf

People in the Middle Ages and the early modern age more often suffered from imprisonment and enslavement than we might have assumed. Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age approaches these topics from a wide variety of perspectives and demonstrates collectively the great relevance of the issues involved. Both incarceration and slavery were (and continue to be) most painful experiences, and no one was guaranteed exemption from it. High-ranking nobles and royalties were often the victims of imprisonment and, at times, had to wait many years until their ransom was paid. Similarly, slavery existed throughout Christian Europe and in the Arab world. However, while imprisonment occasionally proved to be the catalyst for major writings and creativity, slaves in the Ottoman empire and in Egypt succeeded in rising to the highest position in society (Janissaries, Mamluks, and others).

Death in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Albrecht Classen
Death in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 551 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110434873

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Death in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times by Albrecht Classen Pdf

Death is not only the final moment of life, it also casts a huge shadow on human society at large. People throughout time have had to cope with death as an existential experience, and this also, of course, in the premodern world. The contributors to the present volume examine the material and spiritual conditions of the culture of death, studying specific buildings and spaces, literary works and art objects, theatrical performances, and medical tracts from the early Middle Ages to the late eighteenth century. Death has always evoked fear, terror, and awe, it has puzzled and troubled people, forcing theologians and philosophers to respond and provide answers for questions that seem to evade real explanations. The more we learn about the culture of death, the more we can comprehend the culture of life. As this volume demonstrates, the approaches to death varied widely, also in the Middle Ages and the early modern age. This volume hence adds a significant number of new facets to the critical examination of this ever-present phenomenon of death, exploring poetic responses to the Black Death, types of execution of a female murderess, death as the springboard for major political changes, and death reflected in morality plays and art.

The Power of Space in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe

Marc Boone,Martha C. Howell
The Power of Space in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe Book PDF

Author : Marc Boone,Martha C. Howell
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Cities and towns
ISBN : 2503547842

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The Power of Space in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe by Marc Boone,Martha C. Howell Pdf

This volume examines the politics of space in the most densely urbanized areas of Europe during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. It ranges from Italy to the Parisian region and then to the greater Low Countries, home of Europe's most powerful commercial cities of the period. Hardly inert sites on which political action took place, the spaces these authors investigate conferred power on those who possessed them. At the same time they were themselves transformed by the struggles, thus acquiring new powers that invited future contest. Thus implicitly responding to Georges Lefebvre's claim that space is produced, the authors ask how space was perceived and used in everyday life, giving specific spaces cultural, social, and political coherence (le percu); how it was represented or theorized, thus encoded in symbols, maps and laws (le concu); and how it was lived, in effect the result of the dialectical relation between the perceived and the represented (le vecu).