Schedules Of Reinforcement

Author : B. F. Skinner,C. B. Ferster
Publisher : B. F. Skinner Foundation
Page : 740 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780989983952

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Schedules of Reinforcement by B. F. Skinner,C. B. Ferster Pdf

The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.

Author : Sam Goldstein,Jack A. Naglieri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780387775791

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Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development by Sam Goldstein,Jack A. Naglieri Pdf

This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks.

Author : Jeffrey S. Nevid
Publisher : Cengage Learning
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 0357601890

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Essentials of Psychology by Jeffrey S. Nevid Pdf

Did you know that Facebook use can affect grades, and that only about 1% of students in a research study could correctly draw the Apple logo? Written in an engaging style that speaks directly to readers with examples of psychological concepts drawn from daily life, this brief introductory text makes the study of psychology interesting while providing solid grounding in the subject's knowledge base to help you succeed in the course. With built-in learning aids, ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, 5th Edition features an effective learning system that helps you absorb and remember important information. In MindTap, the text's online learning experience, you'll fine author podcasts and videos that you can access from your smart phone, direct links to TEDTalks, interactive learning activities, cool apps, and more.

Author : Werner K. Honig,J. E. R. Staddon
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 710 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000528879

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Handbook of Operant Behavior by Werner K. Honig,J. E. R. Staddon Pdf

This classic edition of the Handbook of Operant Behavior presents seminal work in the field of learning and behavior, foreshadowing a new direction for learning research, and presenting many questions that remain unanswered. Featuring impressive contributions from leading figures across the field—ranging from N. J. Mackintosh from what was to become the cognitive school through Morse, Kelleher, Hutchinson, and Hineline on the neglected topic of aversive control to Blough and Blough on psychophysics to Philip Teitelbaum on behavioral physiology—the book is a must-read for anyone interested in human and animal learning. In a newly written introduction, J. E. R. Staddon highlights several issues that deserve more attention: how language is learned and syntax evolves, how animals choose, and a new paradigm for the study of learning in general. The book is essential reading for all students and researchers of learning and behavior, and aims to encourage researchers to revisit some of the fascinating behavioral questions raised by the original book.

Author : Fred R. Volkmar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Autism in children
ISBN : 1461464358

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Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Fred R. Volkmar Pdf

Author : B. F. Skinner
Publisher : B. F. Skinner Foundation
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780989983938

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Contingencies of Reinforcement by B. F. Skinner Pdf

B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began.

Author : I.H. Iversen,K.A. Lattal
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781483291260

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Experimental Analysis of Behavior by I.H. Iversen,K.A. Lattal Pdf

This volume is dedicated to the late B.F. Skinner as a tribute to his pioneering work on the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. This science that he initiated studies the behavior of individual organisms under laboratory conditions. The volume describes a broad collection of representative and effective research techniques in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior; techniques derived solely from infrahuman subjects, which have been selected both for their utility in behavior analysis and for their potential value in expanding the use of behavior analysis in the neurosciences. By bringing together under one cover the expertise of individual authors regarding techniques based on their particular laboratory experiences, the book provides an informative and practical source of methods and techniques for those practising or interested in Experimental Analysis of Behaviour.

Author : Richard J. Herrnstein
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 067400177X

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The Matching Law by Richard J. Herrnstein Pdf

This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making.

Author : James K. Luiselli
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323995955

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Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook by James K. Luiselli Pdf

This second edition of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice gives behavior analysts and other behavioral practitioners pragmatic advice, direction, and recommendations for being an effective clinician, consultant, supervisor, and performance manager. Like the first edition, the book includes chapters on evidence-based practice competencies as well as many new areas devoted to professional development, technology, and telehealth service delivery. Written by expert scientist-practitioners, each chapter is filled with guidance that follows from the most contemporary research support. Focuses on professional practice areas required among behavior analysts Includes forms, tables, flowcharts, and other visual aids to facilitate practice Presents the most current guidelines for established ABA methods Emphasizes the research basis for practice recommendations Helps readers build skills and competencies that broaden scope of practice Covers emerging topics of telehealth, technology, adult learning, and sports fitness

Author : Charles B. Ferster,Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1957
Category : Reinforcement (Psychology)
ISBN : LCCN:nun00236019

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Schedules of Reinforcement by Charles B. Ferster,Burrhus Frederic Skinner Pdf

Author : B. F. Skinner
Publisher : B. F. Skinner Foundation
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780996453929

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The Technology of Teaching by B. F. Skinner Pdf

On Parent's Day, in 1952, B. F. Skinner visited his daughter's fourth grade math class. As he watched the lesson, he became increasingly uncomfortable. Almost every principle of effective teaching that he had studied for more than 20 years was being violated in that classroom. Yet it was a typical class. The teacher showed how to solve the day's problems, then gave the students a worksheet to do. Some children began to work readily while others shifted uncomfortably in their chairs, or raised their hands for help. The teacher went from desk to desk, giving help and feedback. Skinner knew what was needed. Each student should be given a problem tailored precisely to his or her skill level, not to the class average, and every answer needed to be assessed immediately to determine the next step. The task was clearly impossible for one teacher. That afternoon, Skinner set to work on a teaching machine. Today's computers have made the mechanical machine obsolete, but the principles of how to design instruction in steps that lead from a basic level to competent performance are as valid today as they were in the 20th century. This book brings together Skinner's writings on education during the years he was most involved in improving education.

Author : David C. Evans
Publisher : Apress
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484225806

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Bottlenecks by David C. Evans Pdf

Learn the psychological constrictions of attention, perception, memory, disposition, motivation, and social influence that determine whether customers will be receptive to your digital innovations. Bottlenecks: Aligning UX Design with User Psychology fills a need for entrepreneurs, designers, and marketing professionals in the application of foundational psychology to user-experience design. The first generation of books on the topic focused on web pages and cognitive psychology. This book covers apps, social media, in-car infotainment, and multiplayer video games, and it explores the crucial roles played by behaviorism, development, personality, and social psychology. Author David Evans is an experimental psychology Ph.D. and senior manager of consumer research at Microsoft who recounts high-stakes case studies in which behavioral theory aligned digital designs with the bottlenecks in human nature to the benefit of users and businesses alike. Innova tors in design and students of psychology will learn: The psychological processes determining users’ perception of, engagement with, and recommendation of digital innovations Examples of interfaces before and after simple psychological alignments that vastly enhanced their effectiveness Strategies for marketing and product development in an age of social media and behavioral targeting Hypotheses for research that both academics and enterprises can perform to better meet users’ needs Who This Book Is For Designers and entrepreneurs will use this book to give their innovations an edge on what are increasingly competitive platforms such as apps, bots, in-car apps, augmented reality content. Usability researchers and market researchers will leverage it to enhance their consulting and reporting. Students and lecturers in psychology departments will want it to help land employment in the private sector. Praise “Bottlenecks’ is a tight and eminently actionable read for business leaders in startups and enterprises alike. Evans gives us a rich sense of key psychological processes and even richer examples of them in action.” - Nir Eyal, Author of Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products “Clients frequently ask our UX researchers and designers for deeper truths about why certain designs work and others fail. Bottlenecks offers practical explanations and evidence based on the idea that human cognition did not begin with the digital age.” - John Dirks, UX Director and Partner, Blink UX “Bottlenecks brings together two very important aspects of user experience design: understanding users and translating this into business impact. A must-read for anyone who wants to learn both.” - Josh Lamar, Sr. UX Lead, Microsoft Outlook

Author : Stephen Ray Flora
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780791485989

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The Power of Reinforcement by Stephen Ray Flora Pdf

2004 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title According to Stephen Ray Flora, reinforcement is a very powerful tool for improving the human condition despite often being dismissed as regarding people as less than human and as "overly simplistic." This book addresses and defends the use of reinforcement principles against a wide variety of attacks. Countering the myths, criticisms, and misrepresentations of reinforcement, including false claims that reinforcement is "rat psychology," the author shows that building reinforcement theory on basic laboratory research is a strength, not a weakness, and allows unlimited applications to human situations as it promotes well-being and productivity. Also examined are reinforcement contingencies, planned or accidental, as they shape behavioral patterns and repertoires in a positive way.

Author : Aubrey C. Daniels
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780071367691

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Bringing Out the Best in People by Aubrey C. Daniels Pdf

The classic bestseller on performance management is updated to reflect changes in today's working environment. When an employer needs to know how to gain maximum performance from employees, renowned behavioral psychologist--Aubrey Daniels is the man to consult. What has made Daniels the man with the answers? His ability to apply scientifically based behavioral stimuli to the workplace while making it fun at the same time. Now Daniels updates his ground-breaking book with the latest and best motivational methods, perfected at such companies as Xerox, 3M, and Kodak. All-new material shows how to: create effective recognition and rewards systems in line with today's employees want; Stimulate innovations and creativity in new and exciting ways; overcome problems associated with poorly educated workers; motivate young employees from the minute they join the workforce.

Author : Frances K. McSweeney,Eric S. Murphy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 773 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118468180

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The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning by Frances K. McSweeney,Eric S. Murphy Pdf

This combined survey of operant and classical conditioning provides professional and academic readers with an up-to-date, inclusive account of a core field of psychology research, with in-depth coverage of the basic theory, its applications, and current topics including behavioral economics. Provides comprehensive coverage of operant and classical conditioning, relevant fundamental theory, and applications including the latest techniques Features chapters by leading researchers, professionals, and academicians Reviews a range of core literature on conditioning Covers cutting-edge topics such as behavioral economics