The Matching Law

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The Matching Law

Richard J. Herrnstein
The Matching Law Book PDF

Author : Richard J. Herrnstein
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 067400177X

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The Matching Law by Richard J. Herrnstein Pdf

This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making.

The Matching Law

Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy
The Matching Law Book PDF

Author : Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317272458

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The Matching Law by Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy Pdf

Originally published in 1988, the purpose of this title was to present a coherent summary of the previous 30 years’ of research on the way in which animals and humans distribute their behaviour between alternative sources of reinforcement. There were three reasons why the book was needed at the time. First, it makes use of the empirical results available, something only partially present in many theories of the time. Second, as a general source of information to gain understanding of the scope of research on behaviour allocation. Third, a text was needed that described the techniques of experimental design and data analysis in this area.

The Matching Law

Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy
The Matching Law Book PDF

Author : Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317272465

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The Matching Law by Michael Davison,Dianne McCarthy Pdf

Originally published in 1988, the purpose of this title was to present a coherent summary of the previous 30 years’ of research on the way in which animals and humans distribute their behaviour between alternative sources of reinforcement. There were three reasons why the book was needed at the time. First, it makes use of the empirical results available, something only partially present in many theories of the time. Second, as a general source of information to gain understanding of the scope of research on behaviour allocation. Third, a text was needed that described the techniques of experimental design and data analysis in this area.

Learning

Stephen B. Klein
Learning Book PDF

Author : Stephen B. Klein
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781412956529

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Learning by Stephen B. Klein Pdf

Known for its uncompromising academic rigor and easy-to-read style and format, Klein: Learning: Principles and Applications is now in its Fifth Edition. Over the past four editions, this text has received unending praise for its accessible and thorough coverage of both classic and current studies of animal and human research. Concepts and theories are introduced within the framework of highly effective pedagogical elements, such as: chapter-opening vignettes, "Before You Go On" checkpoints, application boxes, chapter summaries, and critical thinking questions. In this new edition, the content has been updated and reorganized to reflect changes in the field, the pedagogical features have been strengthened and highlighted to continue to help students better comprehend the subject matter, and the ancillaries are all new. Key Features Chapter Opening Vignettes, and real-world examples peppered through the text, engage the reader on a personal level. Before You Go On bulleted questions emphasize mastery of key concepts throughout every chapter. End-of-chapter Critical Thinking questions help students integrate and apply chapter material. Coverage of Biological Influences on learning and memory outshines other texts. NEW! Theories of Learning and Applications are now presented in the same chapters for better continuity. NEW! A special focus on Cognition reflects new directions in the field. This text is accompanied by robust ancillaries! The Companion Student Study Site includes e-Flashcards, study quizzes, Web resources and exercises. Also included are SAGE journal articles with critical thinking questions so students can review original research that relates to the material in their textbook. Go to http://www.sagepub.com/klein5study/ to view the site. The Instructor's Resources (on CD-ROM) is available to adopters of the textbook. It includes PowerPoint slides, a computerized test bank with multiple-choice, true/false, and short answer/essay questions, suggested exercises, Web resources, and more. Contact Customer Care at 800-818-7243 for your copy.

Schedules of Reinforcement

B. F. Skinner,C. B. Ferster
Schedules of Reinforcement Book PDF

Author : B. F. Skinner,C. B. Ferster
Publisher : B. F. Skinner Foundation
Page : 740 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780989983952

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Schedules of Reinforcement by B. F. Skinner,C. B. Ferster Pdf

The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.

The 5 Scientific Laws of Life and Leadership

Brett DiNovi,Paul Gavoni
The 5 Scientific Laws of Life and Leadership Book PDF

Author : Brett DiNovi,Paul Gavoni
Publisher : Cranberry Press, LLC
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1954759266

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The 5 Scientific Laws of Life and Leadership by Brett DiNovi,Paul Gavoni Pdf

In this book, consultants Brett DiNovi and Paul Gavoni, Behavioral Analysts, help leaders of schools, businesses, governments, families, and everyday life to learn and implement leadership principles based on behavioral science and proven case studies. The success of their company, Brett DiNovi & Associates, and their book comes from showing how behavior karma works in learning to master the 5 Scientific Laws of Life and Leadership in everyday scenarios and in crises. The book shows how to create opportunities, get feedback, and achieve desired outcomes -- in other words, how to successfully meet goals and fulfill values, repeatedly and reliably.

Match-Fixing in International Sports

M.R. Haberfeld,Dale Sheehan
Match Fixing in International Sports Book PDF

Author : M.R. Haberfeld,Dale Sheehan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319025827

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Match-Fixing in International Sports by M.R. Haberfeld,Dale Sheehan Pdf

Match –fixing has become a widespread international problem in recent years. It includes everything from bribery of players, to putting undue influences on the owners of the soccer clubs, managers, coaches and others who have the ability to affect the final scores. In addition, match-fixing spills over into the arena of illegal betting (in person and online), which creates a host of additional organized crime opportunities, including human trafficking, prostitution, drugs, extortion and even terrorism. This timely volume brings together international contributions with an aim is to increase awareness of the problems associated with match-fixing and the degree to which key agents in sport, particularly young people, are vulnerable. The contributions are based on INTERPOL’s Global Experts Meeting in Singapore, in November 2012, which brought together key speakers to discuss issues surrounding match-fixing and how to combat corruption in football through channels of education. The purpose of this meeting was to identify ways that academia can play a role in developing and implementing training modules and academic courses, including certification procedures, to prevent match-fixing and develop lines of study at all educational levels. This unique work reflects the gravity of the situation around the world together with possible solutions.

The Psychology of Property Law

Stephanie M. Stern,Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
The Psychology of Property Law Book PDF

Author : Stephanie M. Stern,Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781479873500

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The Psychology of Property Law by Stephanie M. Stern,Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir Pdf

Considers how research in psychology offers new perspectives on property law, and suggests avenues of reform Property law governs the acquisition, use and transfer of resources. It resolves competing claims to property, provides legal rules for transactions, affords protection to property from interference by the state, and determines remedies for injury to property rights. In seeking to accomplish these goals, the law of property is concerned with human cognition and behavior. How do we allocate property, both initially and over time, and what factors determine the perceived fairness of those distributions? What social and psychological forces underlie determinations that certain uses of property are reasonable? What remedies do property owners prefer? The Psychology of Property Law explains how assumptions about human judgement, decision-making and behavior have shaped different property rules and examines to what extent these assumptions are supported by the research. Employing key findings from psychology, the book considers whether property law’s goals could be achieved more successfully with different rules. In addition, the book highlights property laws and conflicts that offer productive areas for further behaviorally-informed research. The book critically addresses several topics from property law for which psychology has a great deal to contribute. These include ownership and possession, legal protections for residential and personal property, takings of property by the state, redistribution through property law, real estate transactions, discrimination in housing and land use, and remedies for injury to property.

Behavioral Theory in Sociology

Robert L. Hamblin,John H. Kunkel
Behavioral Theory in Sociology Book PDF

Author : Robert L. Hamblin,John H. Kunkel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351319188

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Behavioral Theory in Sociology by Robert L. Hamblin,John H. Kunkel Pdf

This book is designed to honor George Caspar Homans for his many and varied contributions to the development of modern sociology. The chapters have been written by sociologists and psychologists who value his work sufficiently to have made his basic approach their own. These original essays are intended to elucidate, assess, and give a progress report on the theoretical tradition Homans founded and to which he has given such significant impetus.

Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development

Sam Goldstein,Jack A. Naglieri
Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Book PDF

Author : Sam Goldstein,Jack A. Naglieri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780387775791

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Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development by Sam Goldstein,Jack A. Naglieri Pdf

This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks.

Behavioral Decision Theory

Kazuhisa Takemura
Behavioral Decision Theory Book PDF

Author : Kazuhisa Takemura
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811654534

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Behavioral Decision Theory by Kazuhisa Takemura Pdf

This book is the second edition of Behavioral Decision Theory, published in 2014. The main approach and structure of this book have been retained in the new edition. However, this second edition provides a fresh overview of the idea of behavioral decision theory and related research findings such as theoretical and empirical discoveries of preference formation, time discounting, social interaction, and social decision making. The book covers a wide range from classical to relatively recent major studies concerning behavioral decision theory, which, in brief, is a general term for descriptive theories to explain the psychological knowledge related to people’s decision-making behavior. It is called a theory but is actually a combination of various psychological theories, for which no axiomatic systems—such as those associated with the utility theory widely used in economics—have been established. The utility theory is often limited to qualitative knowledge; however, as the studies of Nobel laureates H. A. Simon, D. Kahneman, and R. Thaler have suggested, the psychological methodology and knowledge of behavioral decision theory have been applied widely in such fields as economics, business administration, and engineering and are expected to become even more useful in the future. Research into people’s decision making represents an important part in those fields, various aspects of which overlap with the scope of behavioral decision theory. This theory is closely related to behavioral economics and behavioral finance, which have come into greater use in recent years. This book will appeal especially to graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers who are interested in decision-making phenomena.

Puppy Socialization

Marge Rogers,Eileen Anderson
Puppy Socialization Book PDF

Author : Marge Rogers,Eileen Anderson
Publisher : Bright Friends Productions
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-23
Category : Pets
ISBN : 9781943634088

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Puppy Socialization by Marge Rogers,Eileen Anderson Pdf

Puppy Socialization: What It Is and How to Do It defines and demystifies the most important thing you can do for your puppy: socialization. The authors don't just tell you what you need to know about socialization. They show you with dozens of photographs and exclusive linked videos (a live internet connection is needed to view the videos). You'll see other owners socialize their puppies under the guidance of a nationally certified dog trainer and behavior consultant. These real-life examples of socialization show you what to do when things go well and when they don't go so well. You’ll learn about: • The magical time. Did you know that there is a special time in a puppy's life when he is primed to accept new things? The authors tell you when that time is, when that socialization window starts closing, and how a little effort by an owner during that time can save heartache later. • Canine body language. Puppies and dogs are talking all the time—with their body language. Learn to tell when a puppy or dog is relaxed and happy, a bit nervous about something, or outright fearful. • Myth-busting. There's a lot of advice out there about socialization and not all of it is good. Some common myths can actually cause a puppy harm. The authors give you the most up-to-date information on puppy socialization and put some harmful myths to rest. • Socializing a puppy during COVID-19. Puppies have so much to get used to: people, environments, noises, and more. The authors provide strategies for keeping humans and puppies safe while socializing puppies, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. • What supplies are needed during socialization. The authors provide checklists of things owners need when socializing a puppy at home and away from home.

The Science of Learning

Joseph J. Pear
The Science of Learning Book PDF

Author : Joseph J. Pear
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 833 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317273868

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The Science of Learning by Joseph J. Pear Pdf

For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of learning has developed a large body of knowledge. The Science of Learning comprehensively covers this knowledge in a readable and highly systematic manner. Methodology and application are discussed when relevant; however, these aspects are better appreciated after the reader has a firm grasp of the scientific knowledge of learning processes. Accordingly, the book begins with the most fundamental and well-established principles of the science and builds on the preceding material toward greater complexity. The connections of the material with other sciences, especially its sister science, biology, are referenced throughout. Through these frequent references to biology and evolution, the book keeps in the forefront the recognition that the principles of learning apply to all animals. Thus, in the final section the book brings together all learning principles studied in research settings by demonstrating their relevance to both animals and humans in their natural settings. For animals this is the untamed environment of their niches; for humans it is any social environment, for Homo sapiens is the social and learning animal par excellence.

White by Law

Ian Haney Lopez
White by Law Book PDF

Author : Ian Haney Lopez
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780814736944

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White by Law by Ian Haney Lopez Pdf

"Whiteness pays. As White by Law shows, immigrants recognized the value of whiteness and sometimes petitioned the courts to be recognized as white. Haney Lspez argues for the centrality of law in constructing race."--Voice Literary Supplement"White by Law's thoughtful analysis of the prerequisite cases offers support for the fundamental critical race theory tenet that race is a social construct reinforced by law. Haney Lspez has blazed a trail for those exploring the legal and social constructions of race in the United States."--Berkeley Women's Law JournalLily white. White knights. The white dove of peace. White lie, white list, white magic. Our language and our culture are suffused, often subconsciously, with positive images of whiteness. Whiteness is so inextricably linked with the status quo that few whites, when asked, even identify themselves as such. And yet when asked what they would have to be paid to live as a black person, whites give figures running into the millions of dollars per year, suggesting just how valuable whiteness is in American society.Exploring the social, and specifically legal origins, of white racial identity, Ian F. Haney Lopez here examines cases in America's past that have been instrumental in forming contemporary conceptions of race, law, and whiteness. In 1790, Congress limited naturalization to white persons. This racial prerequisite for citizenship remained in force for over a century and a half, enduring until 1952. In a series of important cases, including two heard by the United States Supreme Court, judges around the country decided and defined who was white enough to become American.White by Law traces the reasoning employed by the courts intheir efforts to justify the whiteness of some and the non- whiteness of others. Did light skin make a

The Spaces of Mental Capacity Law

Beverley Clough
The Spaces of Mental Capacity Law Book PDF

Author : Beverley Clough
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781000463835

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The Spaces of Mental Capacity Law by Beverley Clough Pdf

This book explores the conceptual spaces and socio-legal context which mental capacity laws inhabit. It will be seen that these norms are created and reproduced through the binaries that pervade mental capacity laws in liberal legal jurisdictions- such as capacity/incapacity; autonomy/paternalism; empowerment/protection; carer/cared-for; disabled/non-disabled; public/private. Whilst on one level the book demonstrates the pervasive reach of laws questioning individuals mental capacity, within and beyond the medical context which it is most commonly associated with, at a deeper and perhaps more important level it challenges the underlying norms and assumptions underpinning the very idea of mental capacity, and reflects outwards on the transformative potential of these realisations for other areas of law. In doing so, whilst the book offers lessons for mental capacity law scholarship in terms of reform efforts at both domestic and internationals levels, it also offers ways to develop our understandings of a range of linked legal, policy and theoretical concepts. In so doing, it offers new critical vantage points for both legal critique and conceptual change beyond mental capacity law. The book will be of interest to researchers in mental capacity law, disability law and socio-legal studies as well as critical geographers and disability studies scholars.