Scientific Opinion

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1870
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OXFORD:555020291

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Scientific Opinion by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309486163

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Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Pdf

One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Author : Ramesh Raliya and J. C. Tarafdar,Abulude, F. Olawale and Ndamitso, M. Muhammed,Cletus Anes UKWUBILE,Ramesh Raliya, Khushboo Gulecha and Kailash Choudhary,Eduardo Marin Morales1; Juliane Cristina Miranda; Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
Publisher : SCIENCE AND EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, NIGERIA
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789785223125

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CURRENT TRENDS IN ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND OPINION IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY by Ramesh Raliya and J. C. Tarafdar,Abulude, F. Olawale and Ndamitso, M. Muhammed,Cletus Anes UKWUBILE,Ramesh Raliya, Khushboo Gulecha and Kailash Choudhary,Eduardo Marin Morales1; Juliane Cristina Miranda; Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis Pdf

The book provides an insight and detailed knowledge on the various aspects of applied microbiology and biotechnology as is going on in the present research trend. The book discusses on various integral issues related to microbiology and biotechnology which will prove to be of immense help to the academicians, scientists, researchers, technocrats and students worldwide. The book is a sincere work of compilation of new and recent advances in the topic of concern through various innovative researches and scientific opinion there from. The book is dedicated to the readers who will definitely find it interesting and knowledgeable in carrying out their respective researches in different aspects of applied microbiology and biotechnology. Lastly, the Science and Education Development Institute [SEDInst], Akure, Nigeria is coming up with more Book Projects very soon on other disciplines currently in demand for the advancement of science, education and technology.

Author : Linda C. Gundersen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781119067689

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Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences by Linda C. Gundersen Pdf

Science is built on trust. The assumption is that scientists will conduct their work with integrity, honesty, and a strict adherence to scientific protocols. Written by geoscientists for geoscientists, Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences acquaints readers with the fundamental principles of scientific ethics and shows how they apply to everyday work in the classroom, laboratory, and field. Resources are provided throughout to help discuss and implement principles of scientific integrity and ethics. Volume highlights include: Examples of international and national codes and policies Exploration of the role of professional societies in scientific integrity and ethics References to scientific integrity and ethics in publications and research data Discussion of science integrity, ethics, and geoethics in education Extensive coverage of data applications Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences is a valuable resource for students, faculty, instructors, and scientists in the geosciences and beyond. It is also useful for geoscientists working in industry, government, and policymaking. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/ethics-crucial-for-the-future-of-the-geosciences

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Science of Science Communication: A Research Agenda
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309451055

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Communicating Science Effectively by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Science of Science Communication: A Research Agenda Pdf

Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.

Author : James Clerk Maxwell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 838 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1890
Category : Electromagnetism
ISBN : MSU:31293102595331

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The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell ... by James Clerk Maxwell Pdf

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262039833

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The Scientific Attitude by Lee McIntyre Pdf

An argument that what makes science distinctive is its emphasis on evidence and scientists' willingness to change theories on the basis of new evidence. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn't settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians' rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. McIntyre offers examples that illustrate both scientific success (a reduction in childbed fever in the nineteenth century) and failure (the flawed “discovery” of cold fusion in the twentieth century). He describes the transformation of medicine from a practice based largely on hunches into a science based on evidence; considers scientific fraud; examines the positions of ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” who reject scientific findings; and argues that social science, no less than natural science, should embrace the scientific attitude. McIntyre argues that the scientific attitude—the grounding of science in evidence—offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science.

Author : Jürgen Kurtz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107009707

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The WTO and International Investment Law by Jürgen Kurtz Pdf

Jürgen Kurtz provides a theoretically grounded and doctrinally tractable framework to understand the relationship between international trade and investment law.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1896
Category : Literature
ISBN : UCAL:C2599007

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Current Opinion by Anonim Pdf

Author : Roger Cooke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Decision making
ISBN : 019773037X

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Experts in Uncertainty by Roger Cooke Pdf

This volume contains an extensive survey and critical examination of current views on the use of expert opinion in scientific inquiry and policy-making.

Author : Roger M. Cooke
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1991-10-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195362374

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Experts in Uncertainty by Roger M. Cooke Pdf

This book is an extensive survey and critical examination of the literature on the use of expert opinion in scientific inquiry and policy making. The elicitation, representation, and use of expert opinion is increasingly important for two reasons: advancing technology leads to more and more complex decision problems, and technologists are turning in greater numbers to "expert systems" and other similar artifacts of artificial intelligence. Cooke here considers how expert opinion is being used today, how an expert's uncertainty is or should be represented, how people do or should reason with uncertainty, how the quality and usefulness of expert opinion can be assessed, and how the views of several experts might be combined. He argues for the importance of developing practical models with a transparent mathematic foundation for the use of expert opinion in science, and presents three tested models, termed "classical," "Bayesian," and "psychological scaling." Detailed case studies illustrate how they can be applied to a diversity of real problems in engineering and planning.

Author : Michael Shellenberger
Publisher : HarperCollins
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780063001701

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Apocalypse Never by Michael Shellenberger Pdf

Now a National Bestseller! Climate change is real but it’s not the end of the world. It is not even our most serious environmental problem. Michael Shellenberger has been fighting for a greener planet for decades. He helped save the world’s last unprotected redwoods. He co-created the predecessor to today’s Green New Deal. And he led a successful effort by climate scientists and activists to keep nuclear plants operating, preventing a spike of emissions. But in 2019, as some claimed “billions of people are going to die,” contributing to rising anxiety, including among adolescents, Shellenberger decided that, as a lifelong environmental activist, leading energy expert, and father of a teenage daughter, he needed to speak out to separate science from fiction. Despite decades of news media attention, many remain ignorant of basic facts. Carbon emissions peaked and have been declining in most developed nations for over a decade. Deaths from extreme weather, even in poor nations, declined 80 percent over the last four decades. And the risk of Earth warming to very high temperatures is increasingly unlikely thanks to slowing population growth and abundant natural gas. Curiously, the people who are the most alarmist about the problems also tend to oppose the obvious solutions. What’s really behind the rise of apocalyptic environmentalism? There are powerful financial interests. There are desires for status and power. But most of all there is a desire among supposedly secular people for transcendence. This spiritual impulse can be natural and healthy. But in preaching fear without love, and guilt without redemption, the new religion is failing to satisfy our deepest psychological and existential needs.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1884
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015015749172

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Science by Anonim Pdf

Vols. for 1911-13 contain the Proceedings of the Helminothological Society of Washington, ISSN 0018-0120, 1st-15th meeting.

Author : David Harker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781316409312

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Creating Scientific Controversies by David Harker Pdf

For decades, cigarette companies helped to promote the impression that there was no scientific consensus concerning the safety of their product. The appearance of controversy, however, was misleading, designed to confuse the public and to protect industry interests. Created scientific controversies emerge when expert communities are in broad agreement but the public perception is one of profound scientific uncertainty and doubt. In the first book-length analysis of the concept of a created scientific controversy, David Harker explores issues including climate change, Creation science, the anti-vaccine movement and genetically modified crops. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, social epistemology, critical thinking and philosophy of science, he shows readers how to better understand, evaluate, and respond to the appearance of scientific controversy. His book will be a valuable resource for students of philosophy of science, environmental and health sciences, and social and natural sciences.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1476 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1863
Category : Periodicals
ISBN : IOWA:31858045487604

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Public Opinion by Anonim Pdf