The Scientific Attitude

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262039833

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The Scientific Attitude by Lee McIntyre Pdf

An argument that what makes science distinctive is its emphasis on evidence and scientists' willingness to change theories on the basis of new evidence. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn't settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians' rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. McIntyre offers examples that illustrate both scientific success (a reduction in childbed fever in the nineteenth century) and failure (the flawed “discovery” of cold fusion in the twentieth century). He describes the transformation of medicine from a practice based largely on hunches into a science based on evidence; considers scientific fraud; examines the positions of ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” who reject scientific findings; and argues that social science, no less than natural science, should embrace the scientific attitude. McIntyre argues that the scientific attitude—the grounding of science in evidence—offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science.

Author : C. H. Waddington
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317351948

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The Scientific Attitude by C. H. Waddington Pdf

First published in 1941 (this edition in 1968), this book explores the relationship between science, culture, and society- focusing on human beings, and human communities. Here, C. H. Waddington uses the concept of science to mean more than factual information about genes and haemoglobin and his subject is the effect of scientific ways of speaking on the ways in which people look at the world around them. The work discusses biological assumptions made by various communities, particularly fascist movements, on human beings and compares them with the scientific attitude. The Nazis for instance spoke about ‘racial purity’ and ‘German blood’ but these expressions, whilst arousing emotion, had, and have, no rational meaning- they are inaccurate and tell us nothing of human genetics. As well as presenting a scientific argument, being published initially in 1941, this book also acts as a historical document, conveying some of the feeling of living through WWII. It highlights the fact that science and scientific assumptions have very wide implications for the whole conduct of life.

Author : Frederick Grinnell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000305388

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The Scientific Attitude by Frederick Grinnell Pdf

Science is many things: a way of thinking and an activity of individuals in the laboratory; a highly structured institution that recruits, instructs, and regulates its members; a sensitive, interactive, and integrated segment of modern culture and society. Professor Frederick Grinnell presents in this valuable text and survey a clear and comprehensive introduction to all these aspects of science from the point of view of the scientist. Using many examples, drawn primarily from the biomedical sciences but also from everyday life, the author provides the ideal general Introduction to science studies. He goes beyond narrow considerations of methodology to consider broader questions of science as attitude, process, institution, and social force. The text is enhanced by the author's familiarity with several philosophical traditions and the light they throw on the scientific attitude. The text Is straightforward, free of jargon, and completely accessible to beginning students as well as to scientists and laypersons. Professional scholars will also profit from the book's unique blending of the various perspectives on science.

Author : D.N. Dani
Publisher : Northern Book Centre
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8185119503

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Scientific Attitude and Cognitive Styles by D.N. Dani Pdf

The major goals of teaching in general, and science teaching, in particular, are to develop a scientific attitude among the pupils and to make them analytical pattern in thinking. Scientific Attitude and Cognitive Styles discusses the concepts, constructs tools and procedures for the measurement of these two variables. Based on an extensive research on school going adolescents, this book first gives a comprehensive survey of the work done in the past and then elucidated the domain wise components of the scientific attitude, obtained through factor analysis of scientific attitude scores. Then it deals with the effect of major educational, psychological and sociological factors on cognitive styles and scientific attitude and the inter-relationship between these two variables. It first describes the extent to which the scientific attitude and the field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles exist in our school going adolescents. At the end, it discuses the implications of the findings for researchers, teachers and teacher-educators. The book will be useful for post-graduate students, researchers and teachers working in the fields of education, psychology, and sociology.

Author : Frederick Grinnell
Publisher : Guilford Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1992-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 089862018X

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The Scientific Attitude by Frederick Grinnell Pdf

THE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE presents a systematic account of the cognitive and social features of science. Written by an experimental biologist actively engaged in research, the work is unique in its attempt to understand science in terms of day-to-day practice. The book goes beyond the traditional description of science that focuses on method and logic to characterize the scientific attitude as a way of looking at the world. Professor Grinnell uses examples from biomedical research to describe science at three interdependent levels. At the first level, the individual scientist makes observations, formulates hypotheses, and does experiments. The scientist's thought style determines what can be seen and what it will appear to mean. At the second level, scientists participate in social institutions such as graduate programs, research groups, journal editorial boards, and grant review panels. Each of these institutions tries to promote its own distinctive collective thought style. Finally, at the third level, scientists participate in the world of everyday life beyond science, a world that continuously influences and is influenced by the activities and discoveries of science.

Author : Dr. Issa M. Saleh,Dr. Myint Swe Khine
Publisher : IAP
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781617353260

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Attitude Research in Science Education by Dr. Issa M. Saleh,Dr. Myint Swe Khine Pdf

The research into how students’ attitudes affect their learning of science related subjects has been one of the core areas of interest by science educators. The development in science education records various attempts in measuring attitudes and determining the correlations between behavior, achievements, career aspirations, gender identity and cultural inclination. Some researchers noted that attitudes can be learned and teachers can encourage students to like science subjects through persuasion. But some view that attitude is situated in context and has much to do with upbringing and environment. The critical role of attitude is well recognized in advancing science education, in particular designing curriculum and choosing powerful pedagogies and nurturing students. Since Noll’s (1935) seminal work on measuring the scientific attitudes, a steady stream of research papers describing the development and validation of scales have appeared in scholarly publications. Despite these efforts, the progress in this area has been stagnated by limited understanding of the conception of attitude, dimensionality and inability to determine the multitude of variables that made up such concept. This book makes an attempt to take stock and critically examine classical views on science attitudes and explore contemporary attempts in measuring science-related attitudes. The chapters in this book are a reflection of researchers who work tirelessly in promoting science education and highlight the current trends and future scenarios in attitude measurement.

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262545051

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How to Talk to a Science Denier by Lee McIntyre Pdf

Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others. "Climate change is a hoax--and so is coronavirus." "Vaccines are bad for you." These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed--they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill. Drawing on his own experience--including a visit to a Flat Earth convention--as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully--to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.

Author : Sir Nevill Mott
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135882211

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Can Scientists Believe by Sir Nevill Mott Pdf

In this collection of thought-provoking essays, a range of distinguished scientists and theologians, men and women, young and old, all with strong scientific training and deeply held religious beliefs, in the Judeao-Christian tradition, give their personal answers. They do not always agree, the views of each contributor being informed both by their particular scientific expertise and religious affiliation. They address a wide range of problems that will interest all concerned to reconcile their own religious beliefs with currently-accepted scientific theory and practice. The divergences of opinion are as a significant as the agreements. Positions are thoughtfully explained and make important, often novel and illuminating, contributions to debate on these great issues.

Author : Kalluri Durga Rani
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 8171415555

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Educational Aspirations And Scientific Attitudes by Kalluri Durga Rani Pdf

Contents: Educational Aspirations and Scientific Attitudes: The Problem and Its Significance, Related Research, Research Procedure, Analysis of Data, Conclusions, Discussions and Suggestions.

Author : D.Bhaskara Rao
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 8171413811

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Scientific Attitude by D.Bhaskara Rao Pdf

Science educators have included the development of scientific attitude among the general aims of science education since the beginning of the present century. To many science educators, a man with scientific attitude looks for the natural causes of events, is open-minded towards the work and opinion of others and towards information related to his problem, forms opinion and conclusions on adequate evidence, evaluates techniques and procedures used and information obtained, and is curious concerning the things he observes. Contents: Introduction, Related Literature, Research Design, Data Analysis, Summary, Conclusions and Discussion.

Author : Gregory R. Maio,Geoffrey Haddock
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781412929752

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The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change by Gregory R. Maio,Geoffrey Haddock Pdf

Written by two world-leading academics in the field of attitudes research, is a brand new textbook that gets to the very heart of this fascinating and far-reaching field. Greg Maio and Geoffrey Haddock describe how scientific methods have been used to better understand attitudes and how they change. With the aid of a few helpful metaphors, the text provides readers with a grasp of the fundamental concepts for understanding attitudes and an appreciation of the scientific challenges that lay ahead.

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262538930

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The Scientific Attitude by Lee McIntyre Pdf

This “intelligent treatise articulates why the pursuit of scientific truths, even if inevitably flawed . . . matters” in our post-truth world (Publishers Weekly). What separates science from other disciplines? An attitude that respects evidence and is willing to evolve as new evidence arises. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn’t settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians’ rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. In this book, McIntyre explores: • Historical cases that illustrate both scientific success and failure • The transformation of medicine from a practice based on hunches to a science based on evidence • Scientific fraud and ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” • How social science should embrace the scientific attitude Ultimately, McIntyre says, the grounding of science in evidence offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science itself.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1941
Category : Science
ISBN : OCLC:1408544076

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The Scientific Attitude by Anonim Pdf

Author : Adediran Adejuwon
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783656013044

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A Study Of The Relevance Of Scientific Skills And Attitudes To Market Women by Adediran Adejuwon Pdf

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Sociology - Gender Studies, grade: 1.0, University of Lagos, language: English, abstract: We are daily confronted by science and technology, be it in the home, office, workplace or farm (Ameh 1991). Science offers a lot of possibilities for experimentation which helps to learn about and interpret the environment. It is a powerful tool for the fulfillment of the human potential of all. Scientific attitudes embrace all scientific processes of gathering information with no subjectivity, skepticism or prejudice for the advancement of science. These processes can only be objectively and confidently carried out by skillful individuals. A skill, in this sense, means a proficiency process of carrying out a task with ease, precision and speed (Busari 1995). Various literature were reviewed on the relevance of science with the view of comparing the ideas, opinions, suggestions and assertions of experts under the following areas: scientific literacy, science process skills, scientific attitude, the environment, life coping skills and exposure to science. The research work makes an attempt to determine the level of scientific skills and attitude inherent in the practices of the market women. The research was a survey research where three research questions were formulated and addressed. The work focused on twenty market women gotten through stratified random sampling of three markets in Lagos State. Data were collected using interview and observation schedule and analyze using simple percentages. Consequent upon the findings of the data collected, the study shows that truly there are scientific skills and attitudes inherent in the activities of the market women such as communication skills, use of measuring devices skills, organizational skills, negotiation and adequacy skills, advocacy skills, personal skills such as time management, anger management, teamwork and cooperation. All these shows the relevance of scientific skill

Author : Gale M. Sinatra,Barbara K. Hofer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190944681

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Science Denial by Gale M. Sinatra,Barbara K. Hofer Pdf

"Science doubt, resistance, and denial are not new. Galileo challenged the prevailing geocentric view of our solar system and was dismissed as a heretic. What is the history of science denial, what's different now, and why does it seem worse? In this opening chapter, What is the Problem and Why Does it Matter? Sinatra and Hofer chart the development of this problem, examine how doubt has also been manufactured, and explain how media attempts at "balance" can become a form of bias. While acknowledging the limits and fallibility of science, they argue that if the US is to be a leader in sustainable economic and social progress, a greater percentage of Americans need to value, understand, and accept scientific methods and findings. When so many US citizens deny science, the health and wellbeing of Americans and our hopes for a sustainable future are put in peril."--