Semantic Features Vs Prototypes

Author : Thomas Glöckner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2001-11-12
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638104029

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Semantic Features vs. Prototypes by Thomas Glöckner Pdf

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 1997 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Institut für englische Philologie), Veranstaltung: Proseminar: Language and Psychology, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1 Introduction According to Aristotle, every word is to be defined by naming its genus proximum and differentia specifica. The linguistic debate concerning the issue of word-meaning and its adequate description has split researchers into two opposing parties. Traditional linguists whose position is relatively close to Aristotle ́s idea favour a theory called Feature Semantics (hereafter FS) whereas many scientists rather support a more modern approach which can be labelled Prototype Theory (hereafter PT). The aim of this research paper is to describe and compare these two concepts. As a conclusion of the first (theoretical) part, it will try to show that the two approaches are not incompatible but that they even seem to function on a complementary basis. In the second (more practical) part, I will try to decompose the meaning elements of some verbs of selected English semantic fields and thus give an example for the use (and usefulness) of semantic features. [...]

Author : Cindy Härcher
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783656538707

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Lie to me. Theory of semantic features vs. Prototype theory by Cindy Härcher Pdf

Essay from the year 2012 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, University of Bayreuth, course: Forensic Linguistics, language: English, abstract: “Parents lie to their children about sex to spare them knowledge they think their children are not ready for, just as their children when they become adolescents, will conceal sexual adventures because the parents won't understand. Lies occur between friends, witness and jury, lawyer and client, salesperson and customer. Lying is such a central characteristic of life that better understanding of it is relevant to almost all human affairs.” (Ekmann 2009:23) But what is a lie and which features make an utterance becoming a lie? Two possible theories for a semantic analysis of lie exist, one the one hand the theory of semantic features, and on the other other hand the semantic prototype theory. This paper will deal with a prototypical analysis of lie. At first both theories will be shortly explained and it will be explained why the prototype theory is more suitable for the analysis of, than the theory of semantic features. Then a prototype schema for lie, as well as a prototype analysis of lie will be given. To confirm the general prototype hypothesis, the prototype definition of lie, and other hypotheses that will be made, an experiment of Coleman and Kay will be explained and its results will be analyzed. To check and confirm the hypotheses of Coleman and Kay again, two fellow students and me did the same experiment within the context of our presentation about linguistic clues to lie detection. The expectations we had and the results will be presented and our results will be compared with that of Coleman and Kay.

Author : John R. Taylor
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : STANFORD:36105018273156

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Linguistic Categorization by John R. Taylor Pdf

BL With a new final chapter which brings the book up to date First published in 1989, this book explores the far-reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch's seminal work on categorization and prototype theory, extending the application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to morphology, syntax, and phonology. It provides a readable and clearly articulated introduction to the field of Cognitive Linguistics. For the second edition John Taylor has added a chapter which updates the book, particularly in its treatment of lexical semantics.

Author : Dieter Kastovsky,Aleksander Szwedek
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 1596 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110856132

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Linguistics across Historical and Geographical Boundaries by Dieter Kastovsky,Aleksander Szwedek Pdf

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Author : Andrea C. Schalley
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3110179512

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Cognitive Modeling and Verbal Semantics by Andrea C. Schalley Pdf

This book presents a unique approach towards the study of verbal meaning. It develops a frame-work for capturing the semantics of verbs that is based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the lingua franca for the design and modeling of object-oriented systems in computer science. The new graphical framework combines formal precision with conceptual flexibility and allows the representation of very complicated details of verbal meaning, thereby offering a solution for different semantic problems such as polysemy and context-dependency. Besides the framework's development, the book contains a cognitive interpretation of important modeling elements, a discussion of general issues in connection with and well-elaborated applications of the framework. Since the framework is graphical in nature, the book contains many annotated figures, and the framework's modeling elements are illustrated by example diagrams. Not only scholars working in the field of linguistics, in particular in semantics, will find this book illuminating because of its new graphical approach, but also researchers of cognitive science, computational linguistics and computer science in general will surely appreciate it.

Author : John R. Taylor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2003-11-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199266647

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Linguistic Categorization by John R. Taylor Pdf

This book provides a readable and clearly articulated introduction to an important area in the broader field of Cognitive Linguistics. Taking as its starting point the categorization of colour it explores the far reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch's seminal work on prototype categorization extending it's application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to the study of morphology, syntax, and phonology. First published in 1989 the third edition of this populat text has been fully revised and updated to include recent developments in Cognitive Linguistics. It introduces basic issues in the study of word meaning, and demonstrates the viability of the prototype approach to the study of phonology, syntax and acquistion. The new edition expands the treatment of polysemy, meaning relatedness, idioms and grammatical constructions The book presupposes no prior knowledge of linguistics and will therefore be particulary suited to undergraduate courses.

Author : Stephanie Eßer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-30
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783656247814

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Problems of prototype theory by Stephanie Eßer Pdf

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Note: 1,0, Universität zu Köln (Englisches Seminar I), Veranstaltung: Semantics, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This paper will deal with prototype theory and its problems. The first part of the paper will provide a brief introduction into prototype theory. It will be based on the experimental and theoretical work done by Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues in the 1970s. Rosch’s work can easily be considered the most important work in the field of prototype theory as Rosch’s work marked the beginning of prototype theory. The focus of the first and more theoretical part of the paper lies on the structure of conceptual categories, as this is where most critics of prototype theory take aim at. The second part of the term paper will be dedicated to a selection of the most commonly brought up problems of prototype theory. In the conclusion it will be discussed whether or not prototype theory is relevant for linguistics.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-27
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9789004653665

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Corpora and Cross-Linguistic Research by Anonim Pdf

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the development and use of bilingual and multilingual corpora. As Karin Aijmer writes in this book, 'The contrastive or comparative perspective ... makes it possible to dig deeper and to ask new questions about the relationship between languages with the aim of sharpening our conceptions of cross-linguistic correspondences and adding to our knowledge of the languages compared.' The papers in this volume are a showcase of the great variety of purposes to which bilingual and multilingual corpora can be put. They do not only lend themselves to descriptive and applied approaches, but are also suitable for theory-oriented studies. The range of linguistic phenomena covered by the various approaches is very wide; the papers focus on fields of research like syntax, discourse, semantics, information structure, lexis, and translation studies. The range of languages studied comprises English, Norwegian, Swedish, German, Dutch, and Portuguese. In addition to purely linguistic papers, there are contributions on computer programs developed for the compilation and use of bilingual and multilingual corpora.

Author : Leonhard Lipka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783111403168

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An Outline of English Lexicology by Leonhard Lipka Pdf

Outline of English Lexicology: Lexical Structure, Word Semantics and Word Formation.

Author : Leonhard Lipka
Publisher : Gunter Narr Verlag
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Lexicology
ISBN : 3823349953

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English Lexicology by Leonhard Lipka Pdf

Author : Dirk Geeraerts
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004336841

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Ten Lectures on Cognitive Sociolinguistics by Dirk Geeraerts Pdf

Cognitive Sociolinguistics combines the interest in meaning of Cognitive Linguistics with the interest in social variation of sociolinguistics, converging on two domains of enquiry: variation of meaning, and the meaning of variation. These Ten Lectures, a transcribed version of talks given by professor Geeraerts in 2009 at Beihang University in Beijing, introduce and illustrate both dimensions. The ‘variation of meaning’ perspective involves looking at types of semantic and categorial variation, at the role of social and cultural factors in semantic variation and change, and at the interplay of stereotypes, prototypes and norms. The ‘meaning of variation’ perspective involves looking at the way in which categorization processes of the type studied by Cognitive Linguistics shape how scholars and laymen think about language variation.

Author : Stan A. Kuczaj
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0898591007

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Language Development: Syntax and semantics by Stan A. Kuczaj Pdf

First published in 1981. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author : Elena Tribushinina
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105122584563

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Cognitive Reference Points by Elena Tribushinina Pdf

Author : Tony Berber Sardinha,Telma de Lurdes São Bento Ferreira
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-04-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781472570000

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Working with Portuguese Corpora by Tony Berber Sardinha,Telma de Lurdes São Bento Ferreira Pdf

Although Portuguese is one of the main world languages and researchers have been working on Portuguese electronic text collections for decades (e.g. Kelly, 1970; Biderman, 1978; Bacelar do Nascimento et al., 1984; see Berber Sardinha, 2005), this is the first volume in English that encapsulates the exciting and cutting-edge corpus linguistic work being done with Portuguese language corpora on different continents. The book includes chapters by leading corpus linguists dealing with Portuguese corpora across the world, and their contributions explore various methods and how they are applicable to a wide range of language issues. The book is divided into six sections, each covering a key issue in Corpus Linguistics: lexis and grammar, lexicography, language teaching and terminology, translation, corpus building and sharing, and parsing and annotation. Together these sections present the reader with a broad picture of the field.

Author : S.L. Tsohatzidis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 595 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317933595

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Meanings and Prototypes by S.L. Tsohatzidis Pdf

There are fewer distinctions in any language than there are distinct things in the universe. If, therefore, languages are ways of representing the universe, a primary function of their elements must be to allow the much more varied kinds of elements out of which the universe is made to be categorized in specific ways. A prototype approach to linguistic categories is a particular way of answering the question of how this categorization operates. It involves two claims. First, that linguistic categorization exploits principles that are not specific to language but characterize most, if not all, processes of cognition. Secondly, that a basic principle by which cognitive and linguistic categories are organized is the prototype principle, which assigns elements to a category not because they exemplify properties that are absolutely required of each one of its members, but because they exhibit, in varying degrees, certain types of similarity with a particular category member which has been established as the best example (or: prototype) of its kind. The development of the prototype approach into a satisfactory body of theory obviously requires both that its empirical base be enriched, and that its conceptual foundations be clarified. These are the areas where this volume, in its 26 essays, makes original contributions. The first two parts contain discussions in which various kinds of linguistic phenomena are analysed in ways that make essential use of prototype notions. The last two parts contain discussions in which prototype notions themselves become the object, rather than the instrument, of analytical scrutiny.