Semiconductor Spintronics And Quantum Computation

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Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation

D.D. Awschalom,D. Loss,N. Samarth
Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation Book PDF

Author : D.D. Awschalom,D. Loss,N. Samarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662050033

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Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation by D.D. Awschalom,D. Loss,N. Samarth Pdf

The past few decades of research and development in solid-state semicon ductor physics and electronics have witnessed a rapid growth in the drive to exploit quantum mechanics in the design and function of semiconductor devices. This has been fueled for instance by the remarkable advances in our ability to fabricate nanostructures such as quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. Despite this contemporary focus on semiconductor "quantum devices," a principal quantum mechanical aspect of the electron - its spin has it accounts for an added quan largely been ignored (except in as much as tum mechanical degeneracy). In recent years, however, a new paradigm of electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron has begun to emerge. This field of semiconductor "spintronics" (spin transport electron ics or spin-based electronics) places electron spin rather than charge at the very center of interest. The underlying basis for this new electronics is the intimate connection between the charge and spin degrees of freedom of the electron via the Pauli principle. A crucial implication of this relationship is that spin effects can often be accessed through the orbital properties of the electron in the solid state. Examples for this are optical measurements of the spin state based on the Faraday effect and spin-dependent transport measure ments such as giant magneto-resistance (GMR). In this manner, information can be encoded in not only the electron's charge but also in its spin state, i. e.

Semiconductor Spintronics

Thomas Schäpers
Semiconductor Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Thomas Schäpers
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110437584

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Semiconductor Spintronics by Thomas Schäpers Pdf

As the first comprehensive introduction into the rapidly evolving field of spintronics, this textbook covers ferromagnetism in nano-electrodes, spin injection, spin manipulation, and the practical use of these effects in next-generation electronics. Based on foundations in quantum mechanics and solid state physics this textbook guides the reader to the forefront of research and development in the field, based on repeated lectures given by the author. From the content: Low-dimensional semiconductor structures Magnetism in solids Diluted magnetic semiconductors Magnetic electrodes Spin injection Spin transistor Spin interference Spin Hall effect Quantum spin Hall effect Topological insulators Quantum computation with electron spins

Semiconductor Spintronics

Jianbai Xia
Semiconductor Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Jianbai Xia
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814327916

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Semiconductor Spintronics by Jianbai Xia Pdf

Semiconductor Spintronics, as an emerging research discipline and an important advanced field in physics, has developed quickly and obtained fruitful results in recent decades. This volume is the first monograph summarizing the physical foundation and the experimental results obtained in this field. With the culmination of the authors'' extensive working experiences, this book presents the developing history of semiconductor spintronics, its basic concepts and theories, experimental results, and the prospected future development. This unique book intends to provide a systematic and modern foundation for semiconductor spintronics aimed at researchers, professors, post-doctorates, and graduate students, and to help them master the overall knowledge of spintronics.a

Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies

Peter Michler
Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies Book PDF

Author : Peter Michler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319563787

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Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies by Peter Michler Pdf

This book highlights the most recent developments in quantum dot spin physics and the generation of deterministic superior non-classical light states with quantum dots. In particular, it addresses single quantum dot spin manipulation, spin-photon entanglement and the generation of single-photon and entangled photon pair states with nearly ideal properties. The role of semiconductor microcavities, nanophotonic interfaces as well as quantum photonic integrated circuits is emphasized. The latest theoretical and experimental studies of phonon-dressed light matter interaction, single-dot lasing and resonance fluorescence in QD cavity systems are also provided. The book is written by the leading experts in the field.

Spintronics

Puja Dey,Jitendra Nath Roy
Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Puja Dey,Jitendra Nath Roy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811600692

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Spintronics by Puja Dey,Jitendra Nath Roy Pdf

This book highlights the overview of Spintronics, including What is Spintronics ?; Why Do We Need Spintronics ?; Comparative merit-demerit of Spintronics and Electronics ; Research Efforts put on Spintronics ; Quantum Mechanics of Spin; Dynamics of magnetic moments : Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation; Spin-Dependent Band Gap in Ferromagnetic Materials; Functionality of ‘Spin’ in Spintronics; Different Branches of Spintronics etc. Some important notions on basic elements of Spintronics are discussed here, such as – Spin Polarization, Spin Filter Effect, Spin Generation and Injection, Spin Accumulation, Different kinds of Spin Relaxation Phenomena, Spin Valve, Spin Extraction, Spin Hall Effect, Spin Seebeck Effect, Spin Current Measurement Mechanism, Magnetoresistance and its different kinds etc. Concept of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), different types of GMR, qualitative and quantitative explanation of GMR employing Resistor Network Theory are presented here. Tunnelling Magnetoresistance (TMR), Magnetic Junctions, Effect of various parameters on TMR, Measurement of spin relaxation length and time in the spacer layer are covered here. This book highlights the concept of Spin Transfer Torque (STT), STT in Ferromagnetic Layer Structures, STT driven Magnetization Dynamics, STT in Magnetic Multilayer Nanopillar etc. This book also sheds light on Magnetic Domain Wall (MDW) Motion, Ratchet Effect in MDW motion, MDW motion velocity measurements, Current-driven MDW motion, etc. The book deals with the emerging field of spintronics, i.e., Opto-spintronics. Special emphasis is given on ultrafast optical controlling of magnetic states of antiferromagnet, Spin-photon interaction, Faraday Effect, Inverse Faraday Effect and outline of different all-optical spintronic switching. One more promising branch i.e., Terahertz Spintronics is also covered. Principle of operation of spintronic terahertz emitter, choice of materials, terahertz writing of an antiferromagnetic magnetic memory device is discussed. Brief introduction of Semiconductor spintronics is presented that includes dilute magnetic semiconductor, feromagnetic semiconductor, spin polarized semiconductor devices, three terminal spintronic devices, Spin transistor, Spin-LED, and Spin-Laser. This book also emphasizes on several modern spintronics devices that includes GMR Read Head of Modern Hard Disk Drive, MRAM, Position Sensor, Biosensor, Magnetic Field sensor, Three Terminal Magnetic Memory Devices, Spin FET, Race Track Memory and Quantum Computing.

Experimental Aspects of Quantum Computing

Henry O. Everitt
Experimental Aspects of Quantum Computing Book PDF

Author : Henry O. Everitt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-04-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387277325

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Experimental Aspects of Quantum Computing by Henry O. Everitt Pdf

Practical quantum computing still seems more than a decade away, and researchers have not even identified what the best physical implementation of a quantum bit will be. There is a real need in the scientific literature for a dialogue on the topic of lessons learned and looming roadblocks. This reprint from Quantum Information Processing is dedicated to the experimental aspects of quantum computing and includes articles that 1) highlight the lessons learned over the last 10 years, and 2) outline the challenges over the next 10 years. The special issue includes a series of invited articles that discuss the most promising physical implementations of quantum computing. The invited articles were to draw grand conclusions about the past and speculate about the future, not just report results from the present.

Semiconductor Spintronics

Thomas Schäpers
Semiconductor Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Thomas Schäpers
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110639322

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Semiconductor Spintronics by Thomas Schäpers Pdf

This revised and expanded edition of the first comprehensive introduction to the rapidly-evolving field of spintronics covers ferromagnetism in nano-electrodes, spin injection, spin manipulation, and the practical use of these effects in next-generation electronics. Moreover, the book now also includes spin-based optics, topological materials and insulators, and the quantum spin Hall effect.

Spins in Optically Active Quantum Dots

Oliver Gywat,Hubert J. Krenner,Jesse Berezovsky
Spins in Optically Active Quantum Dots Book PDF

Author : Oliver Gywat,Hubert J. Krenner,Jesse Berezovsky
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527628995

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Spins in Optically Active Quantum Dots by Oliver Gywat,Hubert J. Krenner,Jesse Berezovsky Pdf

Filling a gap in the literature, this up-to-date introduction to the field provides an overview of current experimental techniques, basic theoretical concepts, and sample fabrication methods. Following an introduction, this monograph deals with optically active quantum dots and their integration into electro-optical devices, before looking at the theory of quantum confined states and quantum dots interacting with the radiation field. Final chapters cover spin-spin interaction in quantum dots as well as spin and charge states, showing how to use single spins for break-through quantum computation. A conclusion and outlook round off the volume. The result is a primer providing the essential basic knowledge necessary for young researchers entering the field, as well as semiconductor and theoretical physicists, PhD students in physics and material sciences, electrical engineers and materials scientists.

Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Spintronics

Vladimir Litvinov
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Litvinov
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781040029206

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Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Spintronics by Vladimir Litvinov Pdf

This second edition of the book presents spintronic properties of III–V nitride semiconductors. As wide bandgap III-nitride nanostructures are relatively new materials, the book pays particular attention to the difference between zinc-blende GaAs- and wurtzite GaN-based structures where the Rashba spin–orbit interaction plays a crucial role in voltage-controlled spin engineering. It also deals with topological insulators and discusses electrically driven zero-magnetic-field spin-splitting of surface electrons with respect to the specifics of electron-localized spin interaction and voltage-controlled ferromagnetism. It describes the recently identified zero-gap state—an anomalous quantum semimetal. The book comprises calculation of topological indexes in semiconductor and semimetal phases. It compares results that follow from the low-energy model and the Bernevig–Huges–Zhang model, which accounts for the full-Brillouin-zone electron spectrum. It also discusses the fractional quantization of Hall conductance and performs the direct calculation of Chern numbers for the inverted GaN/InN quantum well, determining topological properties by Chern number |C |=2. The book explores and actively discusses semiconductor spintronics and proposes various device implementations along the way. Although writings on this topic appear in the current literature, this book is focused on the materials science side of the question, providing a theoretical background for the most common concepts of spin-electron physics. It covers generic topics in spintronics without entering into device specifics since its aim is to give instructions to be used in solving problems of a general and specific nature. It is intended for graduate students and will serve as an introductory course in this specific field of solid state theory and applications.

Isotope-Based Quantum Information

Vladimir G. Plekhanov
Isotope Based Quantum Information Book PDF

Author : Vladimir G. Plekhanov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642287503

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Isotope-Based Quantum Information by Vladimir G. Plekhanov Pdf

The present book provides to the main ideas and techniques of the rapid progressing field of quantum information and quantum computation using isotope - mixed materials. It starts with an introduction to the isotope physics and then describes of the isotope - based quantum information and quantum computation. The ability to manipulate and control electron and/or nucleus spin in semiconductor devices provides a new route to expand the capabilities of inorganic semiconductor-based electronics and to design innovative devices with potential application in quantum computing. One of the major challenges towards these objectives is to develop semiconductor-based systems and architectures in which the spatial distribution of spins and their properties can be controlled. For instance, to eliminate electron spin decoherence resulting from hyperfine interaction due to nuclear spin background, isotopically controlled devices are needed (i.e., nuclear spin-depleted). In other emerging concepts, the control of the spatial distribution of isotopes with nuclear spins is a prerequisite to implement the quantum bits (or qbits). Therefore, stable semiconductor isotopes are important elements in the development of solid-state quantum information. There are not only different algorithms of quantum computation discussed but also the different models of quantum computers are presented. With numerous illustrations this small book is of great interest for undergraduate students taking courses in mesoscopic physics or nanoelectronics as well as quantum information, and academic and industrial researches working in this field.

Spin Electronics

David D. Awschalom,Robert A. Buhrman,James M. Daughton,Stephan von Molnár,Michael L. Roukes
Spin Electronics Book PDF

Author : David D. Awschalom,Robert A. Buhrman,James M. Daughton,Stephan von Molnár,Michael L. Roukes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401705325

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Spin Electronics by David D. Awschalom,Robert A. Buhrman,James M. Daughton,Stephan von Molnár,Michael L. Roukes Pdf

The history of scientific research and technological development is replete with examples of breakthroughs that have advanced the frontiers of knowledge, but seldom does it record events that constitute paradigm shifts in broad areas of intellectual pursuit. One notable exception, however, is that of spin electronics (also called spintronics, magnetoelectronics or magnetronics), wherein information is carried by electron spin in addition to, or in place of, electron charge. It is now well established in scientific and engineering communities that Moore's Law, having been an excellent predictor of integrated circuit density and computer performance since the 1970s, now faces great challenges as the scale of electronic devices has been reduced to the level where quantum effects become significant factors in device operation. Electron spin is one such effect that offers the opportunity to continue the gains predicted by Moore's Law, by taking advantage of the confluence of magnetics and semiconductor electronics in the newly emerging discipline of spin electronics. From a fundamental viewpoine, spin-polarization transport in a material occurs when there is an imbalance of spin populations at the Fermi energy. In ferromagnetic metals this imbalance results from a shift in the energy states available to spin-up and spin-down electrons. In practical applications, a ferromagnetic metal may be used as a source of spin-polarized electronics to be injected into a semiconductor, a superconductor or a normal metal, or to tunnel through an insulating barrier.

Introduction to Spintronics

Supriyo Bandyopadhyay,Marc Cahay
Introduction to Spintronics Book PDF

Author : Supriyo Bandyopadhyay,Marc Cahay
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482255577

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Introduction to Spintronics by Supriyo Bandyopadhyay,Marc Cahay Pdf

Introduction to Spintronics provides an accessible, organized, and progressive presentation of the quantum mechanical concept of spin and the technology of using it to store, process, and communicate information. Fully updated and expanded to 18 chapters, this Second Edition:Reflects the explosion of study in spin-related physics, addressing seven

Spin Physics in Semiconductors

Mikhail I. Dyakonov
Spin Physics in Semiconductors Book PDF

Author : Mikhail I. Dyakonov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008-07-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540788201

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Spin Physics in Semiconductors by Mikhail I. Dyakonov Pdf

The purpose of this collective book is to present a non-exhaustive survey of sp- related phenomena in semiconductors with a focus on recent research. In some sense it may be regarded as an updated version of theOpticalOrientation book, which was entirely devoted to spin physics in bulk semiconductors. During the 24 years that have elapsed, we have witnessed, on the one hand, an extraordinary development in the wonderful semiconductor physics in two dim- sions with the accompanying revolutionary applications. On the other hand, during the last maybe 15 years there was a strong revival in the interest in spin phen- ena, in particular in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. While in the 1970s and 1980s the entire world population of researchers in the ?eld never exceeded 20 persons, now it can be counted by the hundreds and the number of publications by the thousands. This explosive growth is stimulated, to a large extent, by the hopes that the electron and/or nuclear spins in a semiconductor will help to accomplish the dream of factorizing large numbers by quantum computing and eventually to develop a new spin-based electronics, or “spintronics”. Whether any of this will happen or not, still remains to be seen. Anyway, these ideas have resulted in a large body of interesting and exciting research, which is a good thing by itself. The ?eld of spin physics in semiconductors is extremely rich and interesting with many spectacular effects in optics and transport.

Modern Aspects of Spin Physics

Walter Pötz,Jaroslav Fabian,Ulrich Hohenester
Modern Aspects of Spin Physics Book PDF

Author : Walter Pötz,Jaroslav Fabian,Ulrich Hohenester
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540385905

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Modern Aspects of Spin Physics by Walter Pötz,Jaroslav Fabian,Ulrich Hohenester Pdf

The spin degree of freedom is an intrinsically quantum-mechanical phenomenon, leading to both intriguing applications and unsolved fundamental issues (such as "where does the proton spin come from"). The present volume investigates central aspects of modern spin physics in the form of extensive lectures on semiconductor spintronics, the spin-pairing mechanism in high-temperature semiconductors, spin in quantum field theory and the nucleon spin.

Spin Physics in Semiconductors

Mikhail I. Dyakonov
Spin Physics in Semiconductors Book PDF

Author : Mikhail I. Dyakonov
Publisher : Springer
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540871446

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Spin Physics in Semiconductors by Mikhail I. Dyakonov Pdf

The purpose of this collective book is to present a non-exhaustive survey of sp- related phenomena in semiconductors with a focus on recent research. In some sense it may be regarded as an updated version of theOpticalOrientation book, which was entirely devoted to spin physics in bulk semiconductors. During the 24 years that have elapsed, we have witnessed, on the one hand, an extraordinary development in the wonderful semiconductor physics in two dim- sions with the accompanying revolutionary applications. On the other hand, during the last maybe 15 years there was a strong revival in the interest in spin phen- ena, in particular in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. While in the 1970s and 1980s the entire world population of researchers in the ?eld never exceeded 20 persons, now it can be counted by the hundreds and the number of publications by the thousands. This explosive growth is stimulated, to a large extent, by the hopes that the electron and/or nuclear spins in a semiconductor will help to accomplish the dream of factorizing large numbers by quantum computing and eventually to develop a new spin-based electronics, or “spintronics”. Whether any of this will happen or not, still remains to be seen. Anyway, these ideas have resulted in a large body of interesting and exciting research, which is a good thing by itself. The ?eld of spin physics in semiconductors is extremely rich and interesting with many spectacular effects in optics and transport.