Shoulda Coulda Woulda Informal Modal Verb Forms In The Us And Great Britain

Author : Antonia Friebel
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783346049636

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Shoulda, Coulda, Woulda. Informal Modal Verb Forms in the US and Great Britain by Antonia Friebel Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, course: Language Variation: Varieties of English Around the World, language: English, abstract: Modal auxiliaries have always been a central point in the study of language change and variation, yet nonstandard forms of core modals have mostly been overlooked by researchers. While there have been studies on the use of informal semi-modals (cf. Krug 2010; Mair 2015), no comparably extensive research has been done for informal core modals. For this reason, I chose to analyze the use of the standards forms should have, would have and could have as well as corresponding informal forms shoulda, woulda and coulda. Furthermore, this study examines modals across two varieties, namely Great Britain and the United States. Considering the ‘standard’ language of these dialects is rather established, it is particularly interesting to analyze the use of relatively unstable nonstandard forms.

Author : Michael Pearce
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781134264292

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The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies by Michael Pearce Pdf

Defining and discussing important areas of language including discourse analysis, pedagogy, sociolinguistics and literacy, this user-friendly guide contains 600 widely used terms in the study of the English language. It covers the development of the language, its range of regional variation, and contemporary English usage.

Author : Henry Sweet
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1900
Category : English language
ISBN : MINN:31951002180361A

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A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical: Introduction, phonology, and accidence by Henry Sweet Pdf

Author : Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1550 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0521824230

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Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary by Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson Pdf

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Author : Lester Kaufman,Jane Straus
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781119652847

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The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation by Lester Kaufman,Jane Straus Pdf

The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.

Author : Katharina Reese
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-10
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783640774265

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The Development of the English Modals by Katharina Reese Pdf

Essay from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: History and Variation of English II, language: English, abstract: The question about the grammaticalization process of the modal auxiliary verbs from Old English to Modern English is a highly discussed topic among linguistics and scholars today. It is undisputed that, in the English that is spoken today, words like 'should', 'could' etc. form a separate category, or rather a subcategory, 'modal' that does not only syntactically differ from the usual English verbs, but also morphologically. That is, of course with the exception of a few regional variations such as for example Scots, but since the main focus of this paper is on the standard British and American English dialects, those regional non-standard dialects will not be taken into consideration here. For every native and average non-native speaker, it is natural that modals like 'will' for example don't take the obligatory inflectional ending -s in third person singular present. Or that 'should', 'would' or 'could' do not have past tense meaning, although the forms itself are actually a past form. And it is also natural that just those verbs, which we subcategorize as modals, will neither appear as infinitives with 'to' (*'I have to will'), nor do they require 'to' in combination with regular verbs (*'I should to go'). Today we instinctively know that those usual grammatical rules that regular verbs require to be followed in order to correctly be embedded in a sentence, don't apply to the modals. How did we get to this point, though? In the following paper I want to take a closer look at how the modals developed from regularly inflectional verbs, that they still were in Old English, to this new category 'modal' which is no longer a full verb that can stand alone in a sentence, but more of a grammatical function that signals either epistemic or deontic meaning.

Author : Andra Stefanescu
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-28
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638054690

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The modal verbs can and may in English and Spanish by Andra Stefanescu Pdf

Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, University of Bucharest (Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures), language: English, abstract: Modality is a semantic concept that covers notions such as possibility, probability, permission, ability, volition, necessity and obligation. The class of modals is in many languages both syntactically and semantically highly irregular and unpredictable: modals frequently have idiosyncratic conjugational patterns and are subject to highly specialized syntactic rules. One of the main characteristic of modal verbs is their relatively imprecise and indeterminate meaning, their ambiguity: the same modal can be deontic (i.e. based on rules and regulations), but it may also involve processes, sets of knowledge or belief systems, and thus get an epistemic interpretation. In order to define the class of modals or to provide a set of environments in which a modal may be correctly or appropriately used, one must refer to many levels of language: the purely syntactic environment, as well as the logical structure, the context of the utterance, the assumptions that are shared by the speaker and the addressee, the social situation assumed by the participants in the discourse, the impression the speaker wants to make on the addressee, and so on. There is also the question of the appropriate context environments, that is, the semantic-pragmatic issue. Therefore, a complete analysis of a particular modal can only be achieved by looking both at its syntactic features and at its semantic structure; in other words, the syntax of a modal verb is based on its semantics, and these two dimensions are inseparable.

Author : Joachim Lambek
Publisher : Polimetrica s.a.s.
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9788876991172

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From Word to Sentence by Joachim Lambek Pdf

Author : Gerald Nelson,Sidney Greenbaum
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317863960

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An Introduction to English Grammar by Gerald Nelson,Sidney Greenbaum Pdf

An Introduction to English grammar provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of English grammar, and can be used in the classroom, for self-study, or as a reference book. The book is organised in two parts – on grammar and its applications – and provides everything a beginning student needs to get to grips with the theory and practice of English usage, including sections on style, punctuation and spelling. This third edition has been fully revised and updated to include an expanded section on English in Use, usage notes highlighting common errors, updated exercises, a glossary and a companion website with further graded exercises.

Author : Mark Foley,Diane Hall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : English language
ISBN : 7810957546

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Longman Advanced Learners' Grammar by Mark Foley,Diane Hall Pdf

Author : Rawdon Wyatt
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781408102411

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Check Your English Vocabulary for FCE + by Rawdon Wyatt Pdf

This workbook is designed to help students studying for the FCE (First Certificate Examination). This University of Cambridge exam is taken by over 250,000 people worldwide every year and is one of the most popular English Language Teaching (ELT) exams. It includes a range of activities to help students build and improve their English vocabulary, and it is suitable for both self-study and classroom use.

Author : Guy Deutscher
Publisher : Random House
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781407070285

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The Unfolding Of Language by Guy Deutscher Pdf

'A persuasive and beautifully written take on how languages are constantly evolving... an enthralling read about human psychology and anthropology as well as linguistics.' ALEX BELLOS ___________________________________ 'Language is mankind's greatest invention - except of course, that it was never invented'. So begins Guy Deutscher's fascinating investigation into the evolution of language. No one believes that the Roman Senate sat down one day to design the complex system that is Latin grammar, and few believe, these days, in the literal truth of the story of the Tower of Babel. But then how did there come to be so many languages, and of such elaborate design? If we started off with rudimentary utterances on the level of 'man throw spear', how did we end up with sophisticated grammars, enormous vocabularies, and intricately nuanced shades of meaning? Drawing on recent, groundbreaking discoveries in modern linguistics, Deutscher exposes the elusive forces of creation at work in human communication. Along the way, we learn why German maidens are neuter while German turnips are female, why we have feet not foots, and how great changes in pronunciation may result from simple laziness... _____________________ 'Powerful and thrilling' SPECTATOR 'Really ought to be read by anyone who persists in complaining that the English language is going to the dogs' SUNDAY TELEGRAPH 'I was enthralled' A.S. Byatt, for GUARDIAN 'Books of the Year' 'Highly original... clever and convincing... this book will stretch your mind' INDEPENDENT ON SUNDAY 'Fascinating' BOSTON GLOBE

Author : Dominique Sportiche,Hilda Koopman,Edward Stabler
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781118470473

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An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory by Dominique Sportiche,Hilda Koopman,Edward Stabler Pdf

An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory offersbeginning students a comprehensive overview of and introduction toour current understanding of the rules and principles that governthe syntax of natural languages. Includes numerous pedagogical features such as‘practice’ boxes and sidebars, designed to facilitateunderstanding of both the ‘hows’ and the‘whys’ of sentence structure Guides readers through syntactic and morphological structuresin a progressive manner Takes the mystery out of one of the most crucial aspects of theworkings of language – the principles and processes behindthe structure of sentences Ideal for students with minimal knowledge of current syntacticresearch, it progresses in theoretical difficulty from basic ideasand theories to more complex and advanced, up to date concepts insyntactic theory

Author : Martin Heidegger
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0791426777

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Being and Time by Martin Heidegger Pdf

A new, definitive translation of Heidegger's most important work.

Author : David Crystal
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-29
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781107611801

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English as a Global Language by David Crystal Pdf

Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.