Social Inequalities In Brazil

Author : Marta Arretche
Publisher : Springer
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319781846

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Paths of Inequality in Brazil by Marta Arretche Pdf

This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.

Author : Laura Jakobeit
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783640841042

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Social Inequalities in Brazil by Laura Jakobeit Pdf

Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264088368

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Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by OECD Pdf

This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

Author : Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324776

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Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective by Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz Pdf

In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Author : Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©?,Michael J. V. Woolcock
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821372203

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Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil by Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©?,Michael J. V. Woolcock Pdf

Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.

Author : Jan Nederveen Pieterse,Adalberto Cardoso
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135044008

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Brazil Emerging by Jan Nederveen Pieterse,Adalberto Cardoso Pdf

This volume is a critical inquiry into the social project and socioeconomic realities of emerging Brazil, a country that faces profound changes. A team of acknowledged specialists on Brazil’s complex configuration addresses state policies, social dynamics and economic constraints and opportunities for emancipation. Chapters adopt long-run perspectives on the development of the Brazilian welfare state, limits and opportunities for emancipation in the labor market, the scope and depth of social policies such as "Bolsa Família" and Rio’s Peacemaking Police Units (UPP), social movements - in particular, the Movement of the Landless (MST) - cultural policies at the federal level, the role of media in the country’s democratization project, and how two important commodities (sugar and oil) shape the identities of blacks and whites in Bahia. This book is essential reading for all those interested in understanding what kind of Brazil has acquired a prominent global position and what hurdles it faces to consolidate its position as a global player.

Author : Bernardo Sorj
Publisher : SciELO - Centro Edelstein
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9788599662489

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[email protected] by Bernardo Sorj Pdf

The topic of this book, the digital divide, refers to the unequal distribution of resources associated with information and communication technology between countries and within societies. We will explore how one factor, in this case information technology, can potentially support contradictory tendencies: towards greater freedom and social participation and to deeper social inequality and new forms of concentration of power (excerpt taken from the book's Introduction).

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821358804

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Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil by Anonim Pdf

What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.

Author : Miguel Carter
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822395065

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Challenging Social Inequality by Miguel Carter Pdf

In Challenging Social Inequality, an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars and development workers explores the causes, consequences, and contemporary reactions to Brazil's sharply unequal agrarian structure. They focus on the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)—Latin America's largest and most prominent social movement—and its ongoing efforts to confront historic patterns of inequality in the Brazilian countryside. Several essays provide essential historical background for understanding the MST. They examine Brazil's agrarian structure, state policies, and the formation of rural civil-society organizations. Other essays build on a frequently made distinction between the struggle for land and the struggle on the land. The first refers to the mobilization undertaken by landless peasants to demand government land redistribution. The struggle on the land takes place after the establishment of an official agricultural settlement. The main efforts during this phase are geared toward developing productive and meaningful rural communities. The last essays in the collection are wide-ranging analyses of the MST, which delve into the movement's relations with recent governments and its impact on other Brazilian social movements. In the conclusion, Miguel Carter appraises the future of agrarian reform in Brazil. Contributors. José Batista Gonçalves Afonso, Sonia Maria P..P. Bergamasco, Sue Branford, Elena Calvo-González, Miguel Carter, Horacio Martins de Carvalho, Guilherme Costa Delgado, Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, Leonilde Sérvolo de Medeiros, George Mészáros, Luiz Antonio Norder, Gabriel Ondetti, Ivo Poletto, Marcelo Carvalho Rosa, Lygia Maria Sigaud, Emmanuel Wambergue, Wendy Wolford

Author : Dr. Mark O'Doherty
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780359188338

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Healing Brazil – A Study of Human Rights Violations, Social Inequality, Democratic Deficit and Dictatorship in the Federative Republic of Brazil by Dr. Mark O'Doherty Pdf

With the world's fourth largest democracy having elected a far-right, dictatorship-praising president into power, emotions are running high in Brazil; especially among the survivors of the 1964-85 military dictatorship in Brazil, when hundreds were killed or disappeared by a regime bent on wiping out a perceived communist threat ? today's Brazil being at risk of becoming a dictatorship again, with police violence, inhumane prison conditions and human rights abuses having increased dramatically; especially among the LGBT population: 277 LGBT people having been killed in 2018, the highest number since 1980. Social inequality is another topic this book explores, with more than fifty million Brazilians ? nearly 25 percent of the population ? living below the poverty line; having family incomes of no more than $389 per month and only $5.50 a day. Hence this book endeavours to improve human rights, democracy and social equality in Brazil; so that peace and harmony can be manifested in this beautiful country again.

Author : José Pastore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0608070181

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Inequality and Social Mobility in Brazil by José Pastore Pdf

Author : Rebecca L. Reichmann
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0271043369

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Race in Contemporary Brazil by Rebecca L. Reichmann Pdf

This collection of writings comes from Brazilian researchers on issues of race in their country. They include race and colour classification systems; access to education, employment and health; and inequalities in the judiciary and politics.

Author : Phillippe George Leite,Julie A. Litchfield
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Desigualdad economica - Brasil
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality, 1981-2004 by Phillippe George Leite,Julie A. Litchfield Pdf

"Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004). Poverty incidence also followed an inverted U-curve over the past quarter century, rising from 0.30 in 1981 to 0.33 in 1993, before falling to 0.22 in 2004. Using standard decomposition techniques, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have been driven by increases in the educational attainment of the population in a context of convex returns, and by high and accelerating inflation. While the secular decline in inequality, which began in 1993, is associated with declining inflation, it also appears to have been driven by four structural and policy changes which have so far not attracted sufficient attention in the literature, namely sharp declines in the returns to education; pronounced rural-urban convergence; increases in social assistance transfers targeted to the poor; and a possible decline in racial inequality. Although poverty dynamics since the Real Plan of 1994 have been driven primarily by economic growth, the decline in inequality has also made a substantial contribution to poverty reduction. "--World Bank web site.

Author : Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521102464

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The Demography of Inequality in Brazil by Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho Pdf

This book examines how transformations in Brazil's social, economic and political organization affect the demographic behaviour of people who live in different parts of the country and who occupy different positions in the social system. The authors review the history of unequal development and document the concentration of income and land ownership. Using data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, they show how the Brazilian style of economic growth unequally affected different population subgroups. Mortality estimates for white and non-white people measure the consequences of racial inequality on the life chances of children. Other chapters investigate rural out-migration, the impact of Amazon colonization schemes on rural poverty, and the implications of differential rates of population growth among rich and poor households for future patterns of inequality and underemployment. The overall perspective places the concept of inequality at the centre of the study of demographic and structural change.

Author : Carlos Gradín,Murray Leibbrandt,Finn Tarp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198863960

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Inequality in the Developing World by Carlos Gradín,Murray Leibbrandt,Finn Tarp Pdf

Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.