The Demography Of Inequality In Brazil

Author : Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521102464

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The Demography of Inequality in Brazil by Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho Pdf

This book examines how transformations in Brazil's social, economic and political organization affect the demographic behaviour of people who live in different parts of the country and who occupy different positions in the social system. The authors review the history of unequal development and document the concentration of income and land ownership. Using data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, they show how the Brazilian style of economic growth unequally affected different population subgroups. Mortality estimates for white and non-white people measure the consequences of racial inequality on the life chances of children. Other chapters investigate rural out-migration, the impact of Amazon colonization schemes on rural poverty, and the implications of differential rates of population growth among rich and poor households for future patterns of inequality and underemployment. The overall perspective places the concept of inequality at the centre of the study of demographic and structural change.

Author : Marta Arretche
Publisher : Springer
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319781846

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Paths of Inequality in Brazil by Marta Arretche Pdf

This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821358804

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Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil by Anonim Pdf

What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.

Author : Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324776

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Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective by Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz Pdf

In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Author : Thomas William Merrick,Douglas H. Graham
Publisher : Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Brazil
ISBN : UCSC:32106005179277

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Population and Economic Development in Brazil, 1800 to the Present by Thomas William Merrick,Douglas H. Graham Pdf

Monograph on population and economic development trends in historical perspective in Brazil - examines economic history, population growth from 1800 to 1970, slavery, immigration, internal migration, structure of labour force, rural migration, growth and poverty of urban population, fertility, mortality, population policy in development planning including employment and income distribution, etc. Graphs, references and statistical tables.

Author : Luis Bértola,Jeffrey Williamson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319446219

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Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction? by Luis Bértola,Jeffrey Williamson Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : UN-HABITAT
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789211322149

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São Paulo by Anonim Pdf

"Data prepared by the Sao Paulo-based Fundacao Sistema Estadual de Analise de Dados (SEADE) in collaboration with UN-HABITAT"--T.p. verso.

Author : Achim Goerres,Pieter Vanhuysse
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030730659

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Global Political Demography by Achim Goerres,Pieter Vanhuysse Pdf

This open access book draws the big picture of how population change interplays with politics across the world from 1990 to 2040. Leading social scientists from a wide range of disciplines discuss, for the first time, all major political and policy aspects of population change as they play out differently in each major world region: North and South America; Sub-Saharan Africa and the MENA region; Western and East Central Europe; Russia, Belarus and Ukraine; East Asia; Southeast Asia; subcontinental India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; Australia and New Zealand. These macro-regional analyses are completed by cross-cutting global analyses of migration, religion and poverty, and age profiles and intra-state conflicts. From all angles, this book shows how strongly contextualized the political management and the political consequences of population change are. While long-term population ageing and short-term migration fluctuations present structural conditions, political actors play a key role in (mis-)managing, manipulating, and (under-)planning population change, which in turn determines how citizens in different groups react.

Author : United States. Foreign Operations Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1955
Category : Brazil
ISBN : STANFORD:36105216486535

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Fact Sheet: Brazil by United States. Foreign Operations Administration Pdf

Author : Robert H. Haveman
Publisher : American Enterprise Institute
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0844770760

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Earnings Inequality by Robert H. Haveman Pdf

Analyses changes in men's earnings from the mid-1970s to 1991.

Author : Ole Hagen Jorgensen,Romero Rocha,Anna Fruttero
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821388020

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Growing Old in an Older Brazil by Ole Hagen Jorgensen,Romero Rocha,Anna Fruttero Pdf

Brazil is in the middle of a profound socioeconomic transformation driven by demographic change. Because of profound changes in mortality and, especially, fertility over the past four decades the population at older ages then begun to increase, a trend that will become more and more rapid as time progresses. While it took more than a century for France's population, aged 65 and above, to increase from 7 to 14 percent of the total population, the same demographic change will occur in the next two decades in Brazil (between 2011 and 2031). The elderly population will more than triple within the next four decades, from less than 20 million in 2010 to approximately 65 million in 2050. On the one side, these shifts in population age structure will lead to substantial additional fiscal pressures on publicly financed health care and pensions, along with substantial reductions in fiscal pressures for publicly financed education. Public transfers in Brazil have been very effective in reducing poverty among the elderly in both urban and rural areas. However, without substantial changes, the aging of the population will put a strain on the current system that will result in some critical trade-offs with consequence for poverty among other vulnerable groups and for the growth prospects of the country. One the other side, given the strong association between people's economic behavior and the life cycle, changes in the population age structure have a major impact on economic development. This book investigates the impact of demographic changes on several dimensions of the Brazilian economy and society. It does so in a comprehensive and systematic way that captures the broad complexity of issues, from economic growth to poverty, from public financing of social services and transfers to savings, from employment to health and long-term care, and their interrelations.

Author : International Institute for Environment & Development
Publisher : IIED
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 184369087X

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City Inequality by International Institute for Environment & Development Pdf

Author : Lucas Chancel,Thomas Piketty,Emmanuel Saez,Gabriel Zucman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674273566

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World Inequality Report 2022 by Lucas Chancel,Thomas Piketty,Emmanuel Saez,Gabriel Zucman Pdf

World Inequality Report 2022 is the most authoritative and comprehensive account of global trends in inequality, providing cutting-edge information about income and wealth inequality and also pioneering data about the history of inequality, gender inequality, environmental inequalities, and trends in international tax reform and redistribution.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264088368

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Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by OECD Pdf

This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

Author : Jorge Alvarez,Felipe Benguria,Niklas Engbom,Christian Moser
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484333037

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Firms and the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil by Jorge Alvarez,Felipe Benguria,Niklas Engbom,Christian Moser Pdf

We document a large decrease in earnings inequality in Brazil between 1996 and 2012. Using administrative linked employer-employee data, we fit high-dimensional worker and firm fixed effects models to understand the sources of this decrease. Firm effects account for 40 percent of the total decrease and worker effects for 29 percent. Changes in observable worker and firm characteristics contributed little to these trends. Instead, the decrease is primarily due to a compression of returns to these characteristics, particularly a declining firm productivity pay premium. Our results shed light on potential drivers of earnings inequality dynamics.