Inequality And Economic Development In Brazil

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Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil

Marcos Mendes
Inequality Democracy and Growth in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Marcos Mendes
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780128019658

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Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil by Marcos Mendes Pdf

In terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic growth. Inequality illuminates causes of seemingly-unconnected problems. This book, which includes freely-accessible documents and datasets, is the first in-depth analysis of an issue that promises to become increasingly prominent. Contrasting visions of Brazil’s future described in economic terms Easy-to-understand graphs and tables illustrate analytical arguments All Excel-based data available on a freely-accessible website

Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil

Anonim
Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821358804

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Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil by Anonim Pdf

What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.

Economic Growth, Inequality and Crony Capitalism

Danilo Rocha Limoeiro
Economic Growth Inequality and Crony Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Danilo Rocha Limoeiro
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000088601

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Economic Growth, Inequality and Crony Capitalism by Danilo Rocha Limoeiro Pdf

Researchers in international development have long argued that the high costs of doing business harms prosperity in developing countries, a claim that invites the question of why governments impose these costs and why societies fail to enact reforms reducing them. This book seeks to answer the question by looking at the case of Brazil, a large and highly unequal economy riddled with state-imposed transaction costs. By delving into the political dynamics underlying a costly business environment, this book provides the reader with novel insights into crony capitalism and inequality. It argues that the root cause of a costly business environment is the collusion between political actors, bureaucrats and business insiders. Politicians and bureaucrats relish their discretion over rules and policies as a power resource, since they can increase or decrease the costs of doing business faced by firms and sectors. Business insiders collude with government agents to access the loopholes that decrease the cost of doing business, thus gaining a competitive edge over outsiders. This gives the insiders weaker preferences for reforms that could decrease the overall cost of doing business. By pursuing their self-interest, these actors create a low-level equilibrium that perpetuates crony capitalism and inequality to the detriment of overall prosperity. The book makes its case with a sophisticated combination of formal modeling, quantitative analyses and in-depth case studies of tax policy and of the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors in Brazil. Observers have declared the need for reforms that improve the business environment in developing countries for a long time. However, the findings presented in this book suggest they might have underestimated the challenge ahead. Scholars and policy-makers in international development, business politics and political economy will be interested in the innovative perspective of this book.

Welfare, Inequality, and Resource Depletion

Mariano Torras
Welfare Inequality and Resource Depletion Book PDF

Author : Mariano Torras
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351873321

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Welfare, Inequality, and Resource Depletion by Mariano Torras Pdf

This book breaks new ground by accounting for the welfare implications of both severe inequality and environmental degradation and developing a sustainable development indicator that incorporates changes over time in each of these dimensions. The model is applied to data from Brazil spanning the 1965 -1998 period. The book's findings cast significant doubt on the proposition that rapid economic growth in Brazil has resulted in comparable welfare gains. The evidence presented more generally illustrates the often unsustainable nature of rapid GDP growth phases, as well as the general unreliability of GDP growth as an indicator of well-being improvement. The specific policy implication is that Brazil should discontinue - or at least severely curtail - the regressive and resource intensive economic policies it has followed in recent decades in the interest of welfare improvement not only for the poorer groups in society, but for future generations of Brazilians as well.

Paths of Inequality in Brazil

Marta Arretche
Paths of Inequality in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Marta Arretche
Publisher : Springer
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319781846

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Paths of Inequality in Brazil by Marta Arretche Pdf

This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.

Growth and Inequality

Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa,Maria Cristina Cacciamali,Gerry Rodgers
Growth and Inequality Book PDF

Author : Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa,Maria Cristina Cacciamali,Gerry Rodgers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108416191

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Growth and Inequality by Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa,Maria Cristina Cacciamali,Gerry Rodgers Pdf

Examines inequality in overall distributions of income and expenditure, and disparities across gender, region, caste, race, and access to education.

Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective

Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Inequality in Brazil A Regional Perspective Book PDF

Author : Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484326534

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Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective by Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz Pdf

In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Social Inequalities in Brazil

Laura Jakobeit
Social Inequalities in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Laura Jakobeit
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783640841042

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Social Inequalities in Brazil by Laura Jakobeit Pdf

Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?

Economic Growth, Inequality and Crony Capitalism

Danilo Rocha Limoeiro
Economic Growth Inequality and Crony Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Danilo Rocha Limoeiro
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000088663

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Economic Growth, Inequality and Crony Capitalism by Danilo Rocha Limoeiro Pdf

Researchers in international development have long argued that the high costs of doing business harms prosperity in developing countries, a claim that invites the question of why governments impose these costs and why societies fail to enact reforms reducing them. This book seeks to answer the question by looking at the case of Brazil, a large and highly unequal economy riddled with state-imposed transaction costs. By delving into the political dynamics underlying a costly business environment, this book provides the reader with novel insights into crony capitalism and inequality. It argues that the root cause of a costly business environment is the collusion between political actors, bureaucrats and business insiders. Politicians and bureaucrats relish their discretion over rules and policies as a power resource, since they can increase or decrease the costs of doing business faced by firms and sectors. Business insiders collude with government agents to access the loopholes that decrease the cost of doing business, thus gaining a competitive edge over outsiders. This gives the insiders weaker preferences for reforms that could decrease the overall cost of doing business. By pursuing their self-interest, these actors create a low-level equilibrium that perpetuates crony capitalism and inequality to the detriment of overall prosperity. The book makes its case with a sophisticated combination of formal modeling, quantitative analyses and in-depth case studies of tax policy and of the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors in Brazil. Observers have declared the need for reforms that improve the business environment in developing countries for a long time. However, the findings presented in this book suggest they might have underestimated the challenge ahead. Scholars and policy-makers in international development, business politics and political economy will be interested in the innovative perspective of this book.

Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective

Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Inequality in Brazil A Regional Perspective Book PDF

Author : Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324776

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Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective by Carlos Góes,Ms.Izabela Karpowicz Pdf

In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies

OECD
Tackling Inequalities in Brazil China India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264088368

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Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by OECD Pdf

This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.

The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality, 1981-2004

Phillippe George Leite,Julie A. Litchfield
The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality 1981 2004 Book PDF

Author : Phillippe George Leite,Julie A. Litchfield
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Desigualdad economica - Brasil
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality, 1981-2004 by Phillippe George Leite,Julie A. Litchfield Pdf

"Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004). Poverty incidence also followed an inverted U-curve over the past quarter century, rising from 0.30 in 1981 to 0.33 in 1993, before falling to 0.22 in 2004. Using standard decomposition techniques, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have been driven by increases in the educational attainment of the population in a context of convex returns, and by high and accelerating inflation. While the secular decline in inequality, which began in 1993, is associated with declining inflation, it also appears to have been driven by four structural and policy changes which have so far not attracted sufficient attention in the literature, namely sharp declines in the returns to education; pronounced rural-urban convergence; increases in social assistance transfers targeted to the poor; and a possible decline in racial inequality. Although poverty dynamics since the Real Plan of 1994 have been driven primarily by economic growth, the decline in inequality has also made a substantial contribution to poverty reduction. "--World Bank web site.

Inequality and Development Challenges

Maria Clara Couto Soares,Mario Scerri,Rasigan Maharajh
Inequality and Development Challenges Book PDF

Author : Maria Clara Couto Soares,Mario Scerri,Rasigan Maharajh
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317560173

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Inequality and Development Challenges by Maria Clara Couto Soares,Mario Scerri,Rasigan Maharajh Pdf

This series of books brings together results of an extensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation (NSI) in the five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth. This volume analyses the co-evolution of inequality and NSI across the BRICS economies. It reveals the multi-dimensional character of inequality, in going beyond its income aspect to include assets, access to basic services, infrastructure, knowledge, race, gender, ethnicity and geographic location. In advancing valuable policy recommendations, the book argues that inequalities must be factored in development strategies given that benefits of innovation are not automatically distributed equally. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.

Unequal Development and Labour in Brazil

Gerry Rodgers,Roberto Véras de Oliveira,Janine Rodgers
Unequal Development and Labour in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Gerry Rodgers,Roberto Véras de Oliveira,Janine Rodgers
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000828771

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Unequal Development and Labour in Brazil by Gerry Rodgers,Roberto Véras de Oliveira,Janine Rodgers Pdf

This book is about unequal development and labour in Brazil, with particular reference to the economic and social development of the Northeast region, which has suffered persistent disadvantage. It combines a historical approach, which shows how economic, social and political institutions have been restructured over time, with an analysis of changes in the pattern of production, employment, unemployment and inequality up to the present day. It draws on detailed case studies to examine the connections between local and national production systems and critical labour market outcomes such as informality in employment, precarious work and disparities between genders, races and regions. The case of the Brazilian Northeast illustrates processes, relationships and policy debates that are important not only in Brazil but also elsewhere. The book will be of interest to teachers, researchers and students in economics, sociology, labour and development; public officials and policy-makers; the international development community; and the general public interested in Latin American affairs. They will find in the book an original and systematic analysis of the factors underlying unequal development and how they respond to different policy regimes and suggestions about the issues that need to be addressed in the future.

The Demography of Inequality in Brazil

Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho
The Demography of Inequality in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521102464

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The Demography of Inequality in Brazil by Charles H. Wood,Jose Alberto Magno Carvalho Pdf

This book examines how transformations in Brazil's social, economic and political organization affect the demographic behaviour of people who live in different parts of the country and who occupy different positions in the social system. The authors review the history of unequal development and document the concentration of income and land ownership. Using data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses, they show how the Brazilian style of economic growth unequally affected different population subgroups. Mortality estimates for white and non-white people measure the consequences of racial inequality on the life chances of children. Other chapters investigate rural out-migration, the impact of Amazon colonization schemes on rural poverty, and the implications of differential rates of population growth among rich and poor households for future patterns of inequality and underemployment. The overall perspective places the concept of inequality at the centre of the study of demographic and structural change.