Solid Acids And Bases

Author : K. Tanabe,M. Misono,H. Hattori,Y. Ono
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1990-02-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080887554

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New Solid Acids and Bases by K. Tanabe,M. Misono,H. Hattori,Y. Ono Pdf

This volume summarises and reviews the enormous progress made over the past two decades in solid acids and bases, with emphasis on fundamental aspects and chemical principles. In recent years many new kinds of solid acids and bases have been found and synthesized. The surface properties (in particular, acidic and basic properties) and the structures of the new solids have been clarified by newly developed measurement methods using modern instruments and techniques. The characterized solid acids and bases have been applied as catalysts for diversified reactions, many good correlations being obtained between the acid-base properties and the catalytic activities or selectivities. Recently, acid-base bifunctional catalysis on solid surfaces is becoming a more and more important and intriguing field of study. It has been recognized that the acidic and basic properties of catalysts and catalyst supports play an important role in oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, etc. The effect of the preparation method and the pretreatment conditions of solid acids and bases on the acidic and basic properties, the nature of acidic and basic sites and the mechanism regarding the generation of acidity and basicity have been elucidated experimentally and theoretically. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge of solid acids and bases, it is now possible to design and develop highly active and selective solid acid and base catalysts for particular reactions. The chemistry of solid acids and bases is now being related to and utilized in numerous areas including adsorbents, sensors, cosmetics, fuel cells, sensitized pressed papers, and others. The information presented in this book will therefore be of interest to a wide-ranging readership.

Author : Kozo Tanabe
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323160582

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Solid Acids and Bases by Kozo Tanabe Pdf

Solid Acids and Bases: Their Catalytic Properties reviews developments in the studies of acidic and basic properties of solids, including the efficacy and special characteristics of solid acid and base catalysts. This book discusses the determination of basic and acidic properties on solid surfaces and relationship between acid strength and acid amount. The structure and acid-base properties of mixed metal oxides and correlation between acid-base properties and catalytic activity and selectivity are also deliberated. This publication is useful to professional chemists and graduate students in the fields of organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, petroleum chemistry and catalysis, including readers interested in the acidic and basic properties on solid surfaces.

Author : Kōzō Tanabe
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Acids
ISBN : 4062043947

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New Solid Acids and Bases by Kōzō Tanabe Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Acids
ISBN : 0444418016

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New Solid Acids and Bases by Anonim Pdf

Author : Jacques P. Fraissard,Leonidas Petrakis,North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division
Publisher : Kluwer Academic Publishers
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015034248636

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Acidity and Basicity of Solids by Jacques P. Fraissard,Leonidas Petrakis,North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division Pdf

Historically, technological developments that have made use of the acidity/basicity of solids have often preceded an understanding of the phenomena involved. This, of course, is very expensive, and a far less efficient process than research based on a fundamental understanding of the science. For the last 50 years, therefore, a vast amount of research has been devoted to the subject: the rewards, in terms of technological advantage, were seen to be high.

Author : Hideshi Hattori,Yoshi Ono
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814463294

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Solid Acid Catalysis by Hideshi Hattori,Yoshi Ono Pdf

Solids that possess acidic properties on their surfaces function as catalysts just like liquid acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. By using solid acid catalysts, chemical processes become more productive and more environmentally friendly. In fact, solid acids are being used in many industrial chemical processes from the largest chemical process of catalytic cracking in petroleum refining to the synthesis of various fine chemicals. This book covers the fundamentals of solid acid catalysis, including its history and characterization, and discusses different types of catalysts and solid acid-catalyzed reactions as well as their industrial applications. It comprehensively covers from fundamentals to applications and will be useful for students, young researchers, and advanced researchers.

Author : B. Imelik,C. Naccache,G. Coudurier,Y. Ben Taarit,J.C. Vedrine
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1985-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080960545

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Catalysis by Acids and Bases by B. Imelik,C. Naccache,G. Coudurier,Y. Ben Taarit,J.C. Vedrine Pdf

Because of the great importance of acid catalysis in the petrochemical industry, extensive research has been carried out during the last 30 years concerning the fundamental and applied aspects of catalysis by acids. In contrast, base-catalyzed reactions have received little attention in heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of this symposium was to evaluate our knowledge of the important area of acid and base catalysis and to cover a broad range of solids, zeolite chemistry being only one aspect of heterogeneous catalysis.

Author : H. Hattori,M. Misono,Y. Ono
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1994-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 008088752X

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Acid-Base Catalysis II by H. Hattori,M. Misono,Y. Ono Pdf

Solid acid catalysts are already being used in various processes in petroleum refining and are presently being studied intensively in both academic and applied fields for usage in a variety of reactions. Solid base catalysts are also gaining increasing recognition as potential catalysts. Both acidic and basic catalysts are promising not only with respect to acid and base-catalyzed reactions but also in materials sciences, such as the production of adsorbents, sensors, ceramics, etc. The present volume presents the text of 21 invited oral presentations and 58 poster presentations. The material covers a wide range of aspects on acid-base catalysis, from quantum chemistry to industrialized processes.

Author : Karen Wilson,Adam F. Lee
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527659005

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Heterogeneous Catalysts for Clean Technology by Karen Wilson,Adam F. Lee Pdf

Reactive, but not a reactant. Heterogeneous catalysts play an unseen role in many of today's processes and products. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability in both products and processes, this handbook is the first to combine the hot topics of heterogeneous catalysis and clean technology. It focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for use in clean chemical synthesis, dealing with how modern spectroscopic techniques can aid the design of catalysts for use in liquid phase reactions, their application in industrially important chemistries - including selective oxidation, hydrogenation, solid acid- and base-catalyzed processes - as well as the role of process intensification and use of renewable resources in improving the sustainability of chemical processes. With its emphasis on applications, this book is of high interest to those working in the industry.

Author : Brian G. Cox
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191649349

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Acids and Bases by Brian G. Cox Pdf

Acids and bases are ubiquitous in chemistry. Our understanding of them, however, is dominated by their behaviour in water. Transfer to non-aqueous solvents leads to profound changes in acid-base strengths and to the rates and equilibria of many processes: for example, synthetic reactions involving acids, bases and nucleophiles; isolation of pharmaceutical actives through salt formation; formation of zwitter- ions in amino acids; and chromatographic separation of substrates. This book seeks to enhance our understanding of acids and bases by reviewing and analysing their behaviour in non-aqueous solvents. The behaviour is related where possible to that in water, but correlations and contrasts between solvents are also presented. Fundamental background material is provided in the initial chapters: quantitative aspects of acid-base equilibria, including definitions and relationships between solution pH and species distribution; the influence of molecular structure on acid strengths; and acidity in aqueous solution. Solvent properties are reviewed, along with the magnitude of the interaction energies of solvent molecules with (especially) ions; the ability of solvents to participate in hydrogen bonding and to accept or donate electron pairs is seen to be crucial. Experimental methods for determining dissociation constants are described in detail. In the remaining chapters, dissociation constants of a wide range of acids in three distinct classes of solvents are discussed: protic solvents, such as alcohols, which are strong hydrogen-bond donors; basic, polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide; and low-basicity and low polarity solvents, such as acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Dissociation constants of individual acids vary over more than 20 orders of magnitude among the solvents, and there is a strong differentiation between the response of neutral and charged acids to solvent change. Ion-pairing and hydrogen-bonding equilibria, such as between phenol and phenoxide ions, play an increasingly important role as the solvent polarity decreases, and their influence on acid-base equilibria and salt formation is described.

Author : Kazushi Arata,Hiromi Matsuhashi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Superacids
ISBN : 1612096492

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Solid Superacids by Kazushi Arata,Hiromi Matsuhashi Pdf

An acid that is stronger than the acid strength of 100% sulphuric acid is known as a superacid. Environmental concerns about the use of toxic liquid superacids and liquid inorganic acids in the transformation of hydrocarbons provide an impetus for a search of stable and more environmentally friendly solid acid catalysts. This book examines an important opportunity related to green chemistry where solid superacids lead to new gas- and liquid-solid phase reactions, which are environmentally benign processes in the chemical industry.

Author : Can Li,Yan Liu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 860 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527675920

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Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis by Can Li,Yan Liu Pdf

There are two main disciplines in catalysis research -- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This is due to the fact that the catalyst is either in the same phase (homogeneous catalysis) as the reaction being catalyzed or in a different phase (heterogeneous catalysis). Over the past decade, various approaches have been implemented to combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysis (efficiency, selectivity) with those of heterogeneous catalysis (stability, recovery) by the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts or by carrying out homogeneous reactions under heterogeneous conditions. This unique handbook fills the gap in the market for an up-to-date work that links both homogeneous catalysis applied to organic reactions and catalytic reactions on surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. As such, it highlights structural analogies and shows mechanistic parallels between the two, while additionally presenting kinetic analysis methods and models that either work for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Chapters cover asymmetric, emulsion, phase-transfer, supported homogeneous, and organocatalysis, as well as in nanoreactors and for specific applications, catalytic reactions in ionic liquids, fluorous and supercritical solvents and in water. Finally, the text includes computational methods for investigating structure-reactivity relations. With its wealth of information, this invaluable reference provides academic and industrial chemists with novel concepts for innovative catalysis research.

Author : Gerhard Ertl,Helmut Knözinger,Jens Weitkamp
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2008-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527620685

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Preparation of Solid Catalysts by Gerhard Ertl,Helmut Knözinger,Jens Weitkamp Pdf

Solid catalysts play a fundamental role in all areas between basic research and industrial applications. This book offers a large amount of information about the preparation of solid catalysts. All types of solid catalysts and all important aspects of their preparation are discussed. The highly topical contributions are written by leading experts in disciplines ranging from solid state, interface and solution chemistry to industrial engineering. The straightforward presentation of the material and the comprehensive coverage make this book an essential and indispensible tool for every scientist and engineer working with solid catalysts.

Author : Yoshio Ono,Hideshi Hattori
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642183393

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Solid Base Catalysis by Yoshio Ono,Hideshi Hattori Pdf

The importance of solid base catalysts has come to be recognized for their environmentally benign qualities, and much significant progress has been made over the past two decades in catalytic materials and solid base-catalyzed reactions. The book is focused on the solid base. Because of the advantages over liquid bases, the use of solid base catalysts in organic synthesis is expanding. Solid bases are easier to dispose than liquid bases, separation and recovery of products, catalysts and solvents are less difficult, and they are non-corrosive. Furthermore, base-catalyzed reactions can be performed without using solvents and even in the gas phase, opening up more possibilities for discovering novel reaction systems. Using numerous examples, the present volume describes the remarkable role solid base catalysis can play, given the ever increasing worldwide importance of "green" chemistry. The reader will obtain an overall view of solid base catalysis and gain insight into the versatility of the reactions to which solid base catalysts can be utilized. The concept and significance of solid base catalysis are discussed, followed by descriptions of various methods for the characterization of solid bases, including spectroscopic methods and test reactions. The preparation and properties of base materials are presented in detail, with the two final chapters devoted to surveying the variety of reactions catalyzed by solid bases.

Author : Paul Flowers,Richard Langely,William R. Robinson,Klaus Hellmut Theopold
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-14
Category : Chemistry
ISBN : 194717262X

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Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers,Richard Langely,William R. Robinson,Klaus Hellmut Theopold Pdf

Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.