Sources Of Biopharmaceutical Innovation An Assessment Of Intellectual Property
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Sources of Biopharmaceutical Innovation: An Assessment of Intellectual Property by World Intellectual Property Organization,Michael S. Kinch,Julio Raffo Pdf
An analysis of new, FDA-approved molecular entities reveals dynamism in terms of new innovation. An assessment of the first patent for each drug reveals that the pharmaceutical industry, particularly large, established companies in North America, tend to dominate the field. Whereas inventors continue to found biotechnology companies at a steady rate, recent trends suggest these inventors more often come from the private sector.
Sources of Biopharmaceutical Innovation by Michael S. Kinch,Julio D. Raffo Pdf
An analysis of new, FDA-approved molecular entities reveals dynamism in terms of new innovation. An assessment of the first patent for each drug reveals that the pharmaceutical industry, particularly large, established companies in North America, tend to dominate the field. Whereas inventors continue to found biotechnology companies at a steady rate, recent trends suggest these inventors more often come from the private sector.
Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade by World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf
This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence by World Intellectual Property Organization,William R. Kerr Pdf
High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.
Inventor Data for Research on Migration and Innovation: A Survey and a Pilot by World Intellectual Property Organization,Stefano Breschi,Francesco Lissoni,Gianluca Tarasconi Pdf
This paper discusses the existing literature on migration and innovation, with special emphasis on empirical studies based on patent and inventor data. Other sources of micro-data are examined, too, for comparative purposes. A pilot database, based on patent filings at the European Patent Office is presented. It contains information on individual inventors, including their country of residence and of origin. Preliminary evidence suggests that immigrant inventors contribute to innovation not only in the United States, but also in selected European countries, where they often rank among the most productive individuals.
World Intellectual Property Organization,Vivian Barcelos,Marina Filgueiras,Jorge Bruno Le Feuvre,Felipe Lopes,Sergio Medeiros Paulino,Vera Pinheiro,Julio Raffo,Leonardo Ribeiro
Author : World Intellectual Property Organization,Vivian Barcelos,Marina Filgueiras,Jorge Bruno Le Feuvre,Felipe Lopes,Sergio Medeiros Paulino,Vera Pinheiro,Julio Raffo,Leonardo Ribeiro Publisher : WIPO Page : 99 pages File Size : 41,5 Mb Release : 2014 Category : Law ISBN : 8210379456XXX
The Use of Intellectual Property in Brazil by World Intellectual Property Organization,Vivian Barcelos,Marina Filgueiras,Jorge Bruno Le Feuvre,Felipe Lopes,Sergio Medeiros Paulino,Vera Pinheiro,Julio Raffo,Leonardo Ribeiro Pdf
This study describes patterns and trends of intellectual property use in Brazil, drawing on a new statistical database (BADEPI).
Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database by Ernest Miguelez,Carsten Fink,World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf
This paper has two objectives. First, it describes a new database mapping migratory patterns of inventors, extracted from information included in patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. It explains in detail the information contained in the database and discusses the usefulness and reliability of the underlying data. Second, the paper provides a descriptive overview of inventor migration patterns, based on the information contained in the newly constructed database.
Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals: The case of antibiotics by World Intellectual Property Organization,Bhaven N. Sampat Pdf
The development and diffusion of antibiotics contributed to large improvements in human health and living standards. The antibiotic revolution also spawned the modern pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the development of the early antibiotics, and the roles of intellectual property rights (in particular, patents) in their development and diffusion.
The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry by Patricia M. Danzon,Sean Nicholson Pdf
The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.
Genetic Inventions, Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing Practices Evidence and Policies by OECD Pdf
Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that patents ...
Innovation and IP Rights in the Chilean Copper Mining Sector: The Role of the Mining, Equipment, Technology and Services Firms by Claudio Bravo-Ortega ,Juan José Price Elton ,World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf
This analysis of intellectual property (IP) protection practices among mining equipment, technology and services suppliers (METS) in Chile’s copper mining sector adds to a body of literature that has hitherto focused on high-income countries. It is based on data collated from an online survey of resident METS and on semi-structured interviews of executives from mining companies and suppliers, including two universities. The main conclusion is that, although METS appear to be innovative in relation to the mining sector and the economy as a whole, only a few use intellectual property rights (IPRs) to protect their innovations. The main reasons for this finding appear to be the cost and expected complexity of the registration process. Another noteworthy finding is the view that Chile has the requisite legal IPR expertise, but commercial capabilities (expertise in IPR-based innovation management and business plans) are much less developed. In the last section, four case studies of product and process innovation by four mining suppliers add some interesting insights to the analysis.
Breakthrough technologies – Semiconductor, innovation and intellectual property by World Intellectual Property Organization,Thomas Hoeren,Francesca Guadagno,Sacha Wunsch-Vincent Pdf
Semiconductor technology is at the origin of today’s digital economy. Its contribution to innovation, productivity and economic growth in the past four decades has been extensive. This paper analyzes how this breakthrough technology came about, how it diffused, and what role intellectual property played historically.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 103 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 2020-01-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309498517
The Role of NIH in Drug Development Innovation and Its Impact on Patient Access by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services Pdf
To explore the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in innovative drug development and its impact on patient access, the Board on Health Care Services and the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies jointly hosted a public workshop on July 24â€"25, 2019, in Washington, DC. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the ways in which federal investments in biomedical research are translated into innovative therapies and considered approaches to ensure that the public has affordable access to the resulting new drugs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China by Kung-Chung Liu,Uday S. Racherla Pdf
This open access book analyses intellectual property codification and innovation governance in the development of six key industries in India and China. These industries are reflective of the innovation and economic development of the two economies, or of vital importance to them: the IT Industry; the film industry; the pharmaceutical industry; plant varieties and food security; the automobile industry; and peer production and the sharing economy. The analysis extends beyond the domain of IP law, and includes economics and policy analysis. The overarching concern that cuts through all chapters is an inquiry into why certain industries have developed in one country and not in the other, including: the role that state innovation policy and/or IP policy played in such development; the nature of the state innovation policy/IP policy; and whether such policy has been causal, facilitating, crippling, co-relational, or simply irrelevant. The book asks what India and China can learn from each other, and whether there is any possibility of synergy. The book provides a real-life understanding of how IP laws interact with innovation and economic development in the six selected economic sectors in China and India. The reader can also draw lessons from the success or failure of these sectors.
The Informal Economy, Innovation and Intellectual Property: Concepts, Metrics and Policy Considerations by Jeremy de Beer,Kun Fu,Sacha Wunsch-Vincent,World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf
The authors connect concepts, definitions and data regarding the informal economy, innovation, and intellectual property in order to establish a framework for further qualitative and quantitative research and the improvement of public policies in respect of these issues.
