Species And Speciation In The Fossil Record

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Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record

Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci
Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226377582

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Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record by Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci Pdf

Although the species is one of the fundamental units of biological classification, there is remarkably little consensus among biologists about what defines a species, even within distinct sub-disciplines. The literature of paleobiology, in particular, is littered with qualifiers and cautions about applying the term to the fossil record or equating such species with those recognized among living organisms. In Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record, experts in the field examine how they conceive of species of fossil animals and consider the implications these different approaches have for thinking about species in the context of macroevolution. After outlining views of the Modern Synthesis of evolutionary disciplines and detailing the development within paleobiology of quantitative methods for documenting and analyzing variation within fossil assemblages, contributors explore the challenges of recognizing and defining species from fossil specimens—and offer potential solutions. Addressing both the tempo and mode of speciation over time, they show how with careful interpretation and a clear species concept, fossil species may be sufficiently robust for meaningful paleobiological analyses. Indeed, they demonstrate that the species concept, if more refined, could unearth a wealth of information about the interplay between species origins and extinctions, between local and global climate change, and greatly deepen our understanding of the evolution of life.

New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record

Douglas H. Erwin,Robert L. Anstey
New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Douglas H. Erwin,Robert L. Anstey
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Science
ISBN : 0231082487

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New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record by Douglas H. Erwin,Robert L. Anstey Pdf

A collection of case studies that seeks to reexamine the understanding of the speciation patterns that appear in the fossil record through an analysis of the patterns and their presumed processes. In each case, the rigorous techniques of morphological analysis, quantitative genetic analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and sedimentary completeness have been employed.

Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution

William H. Kimbel,Lawrence B. Martin
Species Species Concepts and Primate Evolution Book PDF

Author : William H. Kimbel,Lawrence B. Martin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489937452

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Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution by William H. Kimbel,Lawrence B. Martin Pdf

A world of categones devmd of spirit waits for life to return. Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift The stock-in-trade of communicating hypotheses about the historical path of evolution is a graphical representation called a phylogenetic tree. In most such graphics, pairs of branches diverge from other branches, successively marching across abstract time toward the present. To each branch is tied a tag with a name, a binominal symbol that functions as does the name given to an individual human being. On phylogenetic trees the names symbolize species. What exactly do these names signify? What kind of information is communicated when we claim to have knowledge of the following types? "Tetonius mathewzi was ancestral to Pseudotetonius ambiguus. " "The sample of fossils attributed to Homo habzlis is too variable to contain only one species. " "Interbreeding populations of savanna baboons all belong to Papio anubis. " "Hylobates lar and H. pileatus interbreed in zones of geographic overlap. " While there is nearly universal agreement that the notion of the speczes is fundamental to our understanding of how evolution works, there is a very wide range of opinion on the conceptual content and meaning of such particular statements regarding species. This is because, oddly enough, evolutionary biolo gists are quite far from agreement on what a species is, how it attains this status, and what role it plays in evolution over the long term.

Fossils

Niles Eldredge
Fossils Book PDF

Author : Niles Eldredge
Publisher : White Lion Publishing
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Nature
ISBN : IND:30000025992888

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Fossils by Niles Eldredge Pdf

In this fascinating exploration of the fossil record, Niles Eldredge overturns the traditional view of evolution as a slow and inevitable process, and he shows that lifeforms generally do not evolve to any significant degree until after massive extinction. This rhythm of life--a concept developed by Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould known as punctuated equilibria in evolution-- is revealed by the fossilized remains of the earth's ancient flora and fauna. Distinguished photographer Murray Alcosser augments Eldredge's text with 160 luminous color plates illustrating more than 250 different fossil specimens. In this new paperback edition, Fossils becomes an accessible text with appeal to a broad audience, including natural history readers and students.

Macroevolution

Steven M. Stanley
Macroevolution Book PDF

Author : Steven M. Stanley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Biology
ISBN : UCSD:31822023541790

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Macroevolution by Steven M. Stanley Pdf

"Not only is a wealth of evidence presented to support the model of punctuated equilibria, but Stanley's stream of refreshing insights into classic topics of evolution, such as living fossils, mass extinctions and adaptive radiations add further weight to the validity of the general model".--GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. "Overall, Stanley offers an imaginative treatment of almost every issue in macroevolution".--AMERICAN SCIENTIST. 192 illustrations.

Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record

Anonim
Patterns of evolution as illustrated by the fossil record Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1977-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080868460

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Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record by Anonim Pdf

Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record

Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record

Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci
Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226377445

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Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record by Warren D. Allmon,Margaret M. Yacobucci Pdf

The literature of paleobiology is brimming with qualifiers and cautions about using species in the fossil record, or equating such species with those recognized among living organisms. Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record digs through this literature and surveys the recent research on species in paleobiology. In these pages, experts in the field examine what they think species are - in their particular taxon of specialty or more generally in the fossil record. They also reflect on what the answers mean for thinking about species in macroevolution. The first step in this approach is an overview of the Modern Synthesis, and paleobiology’s development of quantitative ways of documenting and analyzing variation with fossil assemblages. Following that, this volume’s central chapters explore the challenges of recognizing and defining species from fossil specimens, and show how with careful interpretation and a clear species concept, fossil species may be sufficiently robust for meaningful paleobiological analyses. Tempo and mode of speciation over time are also explored, exhibiting how the concept of species, if more refined, can reveal enormous amounts about the interplay between species origins and extinction and local and global climate change.

The Adequacy of the Fossil Record

Stephen K. Donovan,Christopher R. C. Paul
The Adequacy of the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Stephen K. Donovan,Christopher R. C. Paul
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1998-08-24
Category : Nature
ISBN : UCSD:31822028387876

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The Adequacy of the Fossil Record by Stephen K. Donovan,Christopher R. C. Paul Pdf

The 'incompleteness of the fossil record' is an excuse used by some scientists to reject any fossil evidence that runs counter to current preconceptions. Adequacy and completeness are difficult concepts that should not be confused. The fossil record may be incomplete, but it is entirely adequate for many and most requirements of palaeontology, as well as answering wider questions in geology and biology. The Adequacy of the Fossil Record is intended to be an up-to-date review that seeks to debunk these and other objections.

Systematics and the Fossil Record

Andrew B. Smith
Systematics and the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Andrew B. Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444313901

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Systematics and the Fossil Record by Andrew B. Smith Pdf

This new text sets out to establish the key role played by systematics in deciphering patterns of evolution from the fossil record. It begins by considering the nature of the species in the fossil record and then outlines recent advances in the methodology used to establish phylogenetics relationships, stressing why fossil evidence can be crucial. The way species are grouped into higher taxa, and how this affects their utility in evolutionary studies is also discussed. Because the fossil record abounds with sampling and preservational biases, the book emphasizes that observed patterns can rarely be taken at face value. It is argued that evolutionary trees, constructed from combining phylogenetic and biostratigraphic data, provide the best approach for investigating patterns of evolution through geologic time. The only integrated text covering the study of evolutionary patterns from a phylogenetic stance.

Principles of Evolution: Systems, Species, and the History of Life

Jonathan Bard
Principles of Evolution Systems Species and the History of Life Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Bard
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351854771

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Principles of Evolution: Systems, Species, and the History of Life by Jonathan Bard Pdf

Principles of Evolution considers evolution in the context of systems biology, a contemporary approach for handling biological complexity. Evolution needs this systems perspective for three reasons. First, most activity in living organisms is driven by complex networks of proteins and this has direct implications, particularly for understanding evo-devo and for seeing how variation is initiated. Second, it provides the natural language for discussing phylogenetic trees. Third, evolutionary change involves events at levels ranging from the genome to the ecosystem and systems biology provides a context for integrating material of this complexity. Understanding evolution means, on the one hand, describing the history of life and, on the other, making sense of the principles that drove that history. The solution adopted here is to make the science of evolution the primary focus of the book and place the various parts of the history of life in the context of the research that unpicks it. This means that the history is widely distributed across the text. This concise textbook assumes that the reader has a fair amount of biological knowledge and gives equal weight to all the major themes of evolution: the fossil record, phylogenetics, evodevo, and speciation. Principles of Evolution will therefore be an interesting and thought-provoking read for honors-level undergraduates, and graduates working in the biological sciences.

Evolutionary Patterns

Alan H. Cheetham
Evolutionary Patterns Book PDF

Author : Alan H. Cheetham
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2001-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226389318

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Evolutionary Patterns by Alan H. Cheetham Pdf

With all the recent advances in molecular and evolutionary biology, one could almost wonder why we need the fossil record. Molecular sequence data can resolve taxonomic relationships, experiments with fruit flies demonstrate evolution and development in real time, and field studies of Galapagos finches have provided the strongest evidence for natural selection ever measured in the wild. What, then, can fossils teach us that living organisms cannot? Evolutionary Patterns demonstrates the rich variety of clues to evolution that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Chief among these are the major trends and anomalies in species development revealed only by "deep time," such as periodic mass extinctions and species that remain unchanged in form for millions of years. Contributors explore modes of development, the tempo of speciation and extinction, and macroevolutionary patterns and trends. The result is an important contribution to paleobiology and evolutionary biology, and a spirited defense of the fossil record as a crucial tool for understanding evolution and development. The contributors are Ann F. Budd, Efstathia Bura, Leo W. Buss, Mike Foote, Jörn Geister, Stephen Jay Gould, Eckart Hâkansson, Jean-Georges Harmelin, Lee-Ann C. Hayek, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Kenneth G. Johnson, Nancy Knowlton, Scott Lidgard, Frank K. McKinney, Daniel W. McShea, Ross H. Nehm, Beth Okamura, John M. Pandolfi, Paul D. Taylor, and Erik Thomsen.

Evolutionary Trends

Ken McNamara
Evolutionary Trends Book PDF

Author : Ken McNamara
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822005679352

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Evolutionary Trends by Ken McNamara Pdf

The study of the history of life encompasses the origins of species to their demise: evolution to extinction. Based on studies of the fossil record, this book examines the directionality of evolution, a fundamental aspect of life history that has received comparatively little attention in recent times. In addition to describing evolutionary trends from the intraspecific level to macroevolutionary changes in a range of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, the book's contributors explain why it is that organisms have evolved in the direction that they have. Their insights provide students and researchers of palaeontology and biology with a state-of-the-art coverage of one of the most important aspects of evolutionary biology.The first part of the book examines questions such as the relevant significance of adaptive or non-adaptive evolutionary trends; the relative roles of intrinsic factors, such as differential speciation and environmental change, on the generation of trends; and evolutionary trends in body size. The second part describes and interprets evolutionary trends in various intervertebrate groups: trilobites, bivalves, ammonoids, orinoids, echinoids and bryozoans. The third part covers fishes, reptiles, and mammals.

Principles of Biology

Lisa Bartee,Walter Shiner,Catherine Creech
Principles of Biology Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bartee,Walter Shiner,Catherine Creech
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1636350410

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Principles of Biology by Lisa Bartee,Walter Shiner,Catherine Creech Pdf

The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research.

Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record

Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1001 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118685402

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Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. “..any serious student of geology who does not pick this book off the shelf will be putting themselves at a huge disadvantage. The material may be complex, but the text is extremely accessible and well organized, and the book ought to be essential reading for palaeontologists at undergraduate, postgraduate and more advanced levels—both in Britain as well as in North America.” Falcon-Lang, H., Proc. Geol. Assoc. 2010 “...this is an excellent introduction to palaeontology in general. It is well structured, accessibly written and pleasantly informative .....I would recommend this as a standard reference text to all my students without hesitation.” David Norman Geol Mag 2010 Companion website This book includes a companion website at: www.blackwellpublishing.com/paleobiology The website includes: · An ongoing database of additional Practical’s prepared by the authors · Figures from the text for downloading · Useful links for each chapter · Updates from the authors

The Paleobiological Revolution

David Sepkoski,Michael Ruse
The Paleobiological Revolution Book PDF

Author : David Sepkoski,Michael Ruse
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 581 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226275710

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The Paleobiological Revolution by David Sepkoski,Michael Ruse Pdf

The Paleobiological Revolution chronicles the incredible ascendance of the once-maligned science of paleontology to the vanguard of a field. With the establishment of the modern synthesis in the 1940s and the pioneering work of George Gaylord Simpson, Ernst Mayr, and Theodosius Dobzhansky, as well as the subsequent efforts of Stephen Jay Gould, David Raup, and James Valentine, paleontology became embedded in biology and emerged as paleobiology, a first-rate discipline central to evolutionary studies. Pairing contributions from some of the leading actors of the transformation with overviews from historians and philosophers of science, the essays here capture the excitement of the seismic changes in the discipline. In so doing, David Sepkoski and Michael Ruse harness the energy of the past to call for further study of the conceptual development of modern paleobiology.