Spiral Grain And Wave Phenomena In Wood Formation

Author : John M. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642737794

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Spiral Grain and Wave Phenomena in Wood Formation by John M. Harris Pdf

It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.

Author : Bir Bahadur,K. V. Krishnamurthy,Monoranjan Ghose,S. John Adams
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780429960703

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Asymmetry in Plants by Bir Bahadur,K. V. Krishnamurthy,Monoranjan Ghose,S. John Adams Pdf

Plants exhibit forms of asymmetry analogous to "handedness" in bilaterally symmetrical animals. This book explores the evolutionary significance and development of asymmetry. Examples of genetic control include the direction of tendril or stem coiling of many climbing plants; the so-called spiral phyllotaxy and floral taxy; and contorted petal arrangement is another kind of left- right symmetry in plants; the direction of contortion is fixed in some but not in other plants. The book will underscore tha all phenomena related to handedness start during embryogenesis itself, with the occurrence of embryo rotation. Key selling features: First consolidated book on Plant Handedness Relates handedness, asymmetry and chirality to the evolution of different organizational levels in plant biology Emphasizes handedness as a vital governing force in plant functional evolution Provides a new perspective, hitherto ignored, into plant developemtn and evolution Describes how an age-old phenomenon can give scope for investigation from a very modern interdisciplinary approach

Author : Bruce J. Zobel,Johannes P. van Buijtenen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642740695

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Wood Variation by Bruce J. Zobel,Johannes P. van Buijtenen Pdf

Wood is the usual end product of a forestry operation. Because of its importance, numerous studies have been made relative to wood prop erties, the causes of wood variation, and how best to develop wood for desired products. There is voluminous literature related to these subjects, but it is neither well known nor appreciated by foresters because the publications are often not available or are not well understood by the forester or by those who use the wood. Frequently, the literature is confusing and contradictory, making it difficult for the nonspecialist to use what information is available. In order to produce and use wood efficiently, the variation pat terns within trees, among trees within species, and among species must be understood. This also requires some knowledge of the causes of variation and the effects of different wood properties upon utiliza tion. The information about variation patterns, their causes, and con trol and effect upon the product must be known by the tree grower, the tree breeder, and the tree harvester as well as by those who ultimately convert wood into a final, salable product.

Author : Walter Kropatsch,Martin Kampel,Allan Hanbury
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1008 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007-08-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540742722

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Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns by Walter Kropatsch,Martin Kampel,Allan Hanbury Pdf

The refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns are presented in this volume. The papers cover motion detection and tracking, medical imaging, biometrics, color, curves and surfaces beyond two dimensions, reading characters, words and lines, image segmentation, shape, image registration and matching, signal decomposition and invariants, and features and classification.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN : UOM:39015053994094

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General Technical Report SRS by Anonim Pdf

Author : Philip R. Larson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 737 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642784668

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The Vascular Cambium by Philip R. Larson Pdf

The cambium has been variously defined as follows: "The actively dividing layer of cells that lies between, and gives rise to, secondary xylem and phloem (vascular cambium)" (IAWA 1964); "A meristem with products of periclinal divisions commonly contributed in two directions and arranged in radial files. Term pre ferably applied only to the two lateral meristems, the vascular cambium and cork cambium, or phellogen" (Esau 1977); and, "Lateral meristem in vascular plants which produces secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and parenchyma, usually in radial rows; it consists of one layer of initials and their undifferentiated deriva tives" (Little and Jones 1980). Clearly, the cambium is a diverse and extensive meristem, and no one defini tion will encompass all manifestations of what anatomists consider cambium. Its diversity and extent are further exemplified by a single plant, such as a temperate zone tree, in which procambium is initiated in the embryo and perpetuated throughout every lateral, primary meristem before giving rise to cambium in the secondary body. The cambium thereafter performs its meristematic task of producing daughter cells that differentiate to specialized tissue systems. The cam bium, however, does not remain static. Its derivatives vary either in form, or TImc tion, or rate of production at different positions on the tree, with age of the tree, and with season of the year. Moreover, the cambium responds both to internal sig nals and to external stimuli such as environment or wounding.

Author : Voichita Bucur
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351357364

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The Acoustics of Wood (1995) by Voichita Bucur Pdf

Acoustics of Wood offers a detailed treatment of numerous topics that are valuable to those working with wood in architecture, engineering, acoustics, and the crafting of musical instruments. It presents a comprehensive account of the progress and current knowledge concerning wood acoustics, outlining the anatomy and physiology of wood and the specific applications in which its acoustic properties are relevant. Acoustics of Wood reviews state-of-the-art measurement systems and includes material that has not been widely published. Divided into three main parts, the book describes environmental acoustics, presents acoustics methods for the characterization of the elastic behavior of wood, and discusses acoustic methods for the assessment of wood quality.

Author : Bruce J. Zobel,Jerry R. Sprague
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642721267

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Juvenile Wood in Forest Trees by Bruce J. Zobel,Jerry R. Sprague Pdf

The trend in forestry is toward shorter rotations and more complete utiliza tion of trees. The reasons are: (1) financial pressures to obtain rapid returns on the forestry investment made possible by an earlier harvest; (2) enforced harvest of young plantations to maintain a continuing supply of cellulose for mills where wood shortages are experienced; (3) thinning young plantations, both because they were planted too densely initially and because thinning is done where long rotation quality trees are the forestry goal; (4) more intensive utilization is being done using tops and small diameter trees; and (5) there is interest in using young (juvenile) wood for special products because of its unique characteristics and the development of new technologies. The largest present-day source of conifer juvenile wood is from thinnings of plantations where millions of hectares of pine were planted too densely. Because of the better growth rate resulting from improved silviculture and good genetic stock, plantations will need to be thinned heavily. As a result of this trend, young wood makes up an increasingly larger proportion of the total conifer wood supply each year. Large amounts of juvenile wood from hard woods are also currently available, especially in the tropics and subtropics, because of the fast growth rate of the species used, which results in shorter rotations and ess~ntially all juvenile wood.

Author : J. C. F. Walker,B. G. Butterfield,J. M. Harris,T. A. G. Langrish,J. M. Uprichard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401581103

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Primary Wood Processing by J. C. F. Walker,B. G. Butterfield,J. M. Harris,T. A. G. Langrish,J. M. Uprichard Pdf

This book is primarily a general text covering the whole sweep of the forest industries. The over-riding emphasis is on a clear, simple interpretation of the underlying science, demonstrating how such principles apply to processing operations. The book considers the broad question "what is wood?" by looking at the biology, chemistry and physics of wood structure. Wood quality is examined, and explanations are offered on how and why wood quality varies and the implications for processing. Finally, various "industrial processes" are reviewed and interpreted. All chapters have been written by specialists, but the presentation targets a generalist audience.

Author : J.M. Dinwoodie
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2000-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781135808105

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Timber by J.M. Dinwoodie Pdf

Timber: Its Nature and Behaviour adopts a materials science approach to timber and comprehensively examines the relationship between the performance of timber and its structure. This book explains a wide range of timbers physical and mechanical behaviour (including processing) in terms of its basic structure and its complex interaction with moisture. The performance of timber and panel products is also related to the levels set in new European specifications and with the associated methods of testing.

Author : John C.F. Walker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 603 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2006-09-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402043932

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Primary Wood Processing by John C.F. Walker Pdf

This book is primarily a general text covering the whole sweep of the forest industries. The over-riding emphasis is on a clear, simple interpretation of the underlying science, demonstrating how such principles apply to processing operations. The book considers the broad question "what is wood?" by looking at the biology, chemistry and physics of wood structure. Wood quality is examined, and explanations are offered on how and why wood quality varies and the implications for processing. Finally, various "industrial processes" are reviewed and interpreted. All chapters have been written by specialists, but the presentation targets a generalist audience.

Author : Voichita Bucur
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2006-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540305941

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Acoustics of Wood by Voichita Bucur Pdf

Considerable activity in the acoustics of wood has occurred since the first edition of this book in 1995. An informal survey of a number of the published articles and papers presented at international conferences revealed that the interest of the wood science community is continually increasing. In this context, I felt c- pelled to revise the text in accordance with newer findings and this prompted the addition in the present book of 159 new references added to the existing 850 in the first edition. As a result of the favorable comments upon the first edition, from students and colleagues, I have included a part on mathematical theory related to wave pro- gation in orthotropic solids in the general text, in order to enable the interested reader to follow the essentially physical aspects of the subject. A new chapter related to “acousto-ultrasonics” is introduced; Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 have been considerably expanded and a significant redistribution of the subject matter from the earlier edition has been made.

Author : Fritz Hans Schweingruber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540485483

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Wood Structure and Environment by Fritz Hans Schweingruber Pdf

The primary aim of Wood Structure and Environment is to reveal the hidden ecological richness in stems and roots from trees, shrubs and herbs. The detailed, lucid text will inspire researchers to consider the anatomic microcosm of wood plants and use it as a retrospective source of information, solving problems related to ecophysiology, competition, site conditions, population biology, earth science, wood quality and even human history.

Author : Sherwin Carlquist
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662045787

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Comparative Wood Anatomy by Sherwin Carlquist Pdf

This second edition has been completely revised and has incorporated significant changes that have occurred in wood anatomy over the past years. "This book is recommended to all who are interested in a modern, stimulating, competent, and well illustrated work." (Holzforschung).

Author : Voichita Bucur
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662089866

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Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood by Voichita Bucur Pdf

This book on the Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood by Professor Voichita Bucur is truly the most outstanding reference on the subject ever written. Since the origins of mankind, wood has played a key role in the history of humans and other living creatures, ranging from provision of life from trees giving air, heat, light, and food to nourish their bodies to structures to protect them from the elements. Wood has also played a key role in one of the world's primary religions. Nondestructive diagnostics methods have long found application in medi cal practice for examination of the human body in order to detect life threatening abnormalities and permit diagnosis to extend life. Nondestructive testing has been used for many years to insure the safety of machinery, air craft, railroads, tunnels, buildings and many other structures. Therefore, it is timely for a treatise, like the present one, to be written describing how wood can be characterized without employing destructive test methods. Since wood is so valuable to mankind, it is important to know the latest methods to nondestructively characterize wood for all practical applications.