Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials

Author : Hans Zweifel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642803055

Get Book

Stabilization of Polymeric Materials by Hans Zweifel Pdf

Plastics are used worldwide in everyday life, e.g. as food packaging, electronics, construction, automotive parts, and household appliances. To produce these products with the desired service lifetimes the use of suitable stabilizers is necessary. This book provides a concise and comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms of plastic degradation processes caused by heat and light. At its core is a detailed description of the stabilization of different polymers, including an explanation of stabilization mechanisms and the influence of commonly used additives such as fillers, flame retardents and pigments on the stability of plastic. Every polymer scientist, material technologist, or application engineer dealing with the design of the properties of plastics will benefit from this new overview.

Author : W. L. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642693762

Get Book

Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by W. L. Hawkins Pdf

The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.

Author : Norman Grassie,Gerald Scott
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1988-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521357977

Get Book

Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation by Norman Grassie,Gerald Scott Pdf

The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.

Author : M. B. Neiman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461585497

Get Book

Aging and Stabilization of Polymers by M. B. Neiman Pdf

The need for a broad development of the production of polymer ma terials has become evident. All these materials are subject to various types of aging (destruction); hence, stabilizers which permit the stor age, reprocessing, and use of polymer materials without any appreci able change in their properties must be introduced into them. In recent years, this problem of stabilizing polymers has attracted the attention of many scientists and technologists, both in the USSR and abroad. The scientific basis of the foreign studies will be found in a number of theo retical premises, but chiefly the theory of chain reactions with un branched chains. In the Soviet Union, the concepts of Academician N. N. Semenov on chain reactions with degenerate branches have become the starting point of theoretical studies of the stabilization and destruction of polymers. Soviet scientists have developed a theory of critical concentrations of antioxidants and have shown that the processes of stabilization have a very complex chemical character. The nature of the polymers them selves greatly affects these processes and consequently, different stabil izers are required for polymers of different structures. In addition, it has been shown that the antioxidants used thus far can not only cause chain termination, but can also initiate oxidation and give rise to de generate branches.

Author : N.S. Allen,M. Edge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1992-10-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1851667733

Get Book

Fundamentals of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by N.S. Allen,M. Edge Pdf

During the past decade, the field of polymer degradation and stabilization has become a subject of central importance in polymer science and technology. This book provides a fundamental source of information designed for those with only a basic understanding of the background of the field.

Author : Jiri E. Kresta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461327974

Get Book

Polymer Additives by Jiri E. Kresta Pdf

Ever since the beginning of the plastics and rubber industry, it was realized that useful products could be produced only if cer tain additives were incorporated into polymers. With the help of these additives, when physically dispersed in a polymer matrix, it has been possible to improve stability against thermal, oxidative, UV, hydrolytic and biological degradation, mechanical properties, flammability, cost, and processibility of plastics. The enormous growth of the volume of plastics consumed by modern society, and new application areas for plastics, have created a demand for new, better additives and better understanding of their functions in polymer systems. As a result of these trends there is a need for sharing of information on progress achieved in the area of polymer additives among engineers and scientists of the plastics industry and academia. This book is based on expanded and updated papers originally presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Additives, which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was sponsored by the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engi neering. The book is divided into five parts which cover advances in various areas of polymer additives. The first part is devoted to the progress in understanding of UV degradation and stabilization of various polymers. Oxidation degradation and stabilization of plastic materials is covered in the second part. New developments in the stabilization of PVC are presented in the third part.

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski,James Njuguna
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 185957498X

Get Book

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by Krzysztof Pielichowski,James Njuguna Pdf

Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

Author : Gerald Scott
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Polymers
ISBN : 0853349207

Get Book

Developments in Polymer Stabilisation by Gerald Scott Pdf

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781927885000

Get Book

PVC Degradation and Stabilization by George Wypych Pdf

PVC stabilization, the most important aspect of formulation and performance of this polymer, is discussed in details. This book contains all information required to design successful stabilization formula for any product made out of PVC. Separate chapters review information on chemical structure, PVC manufacturing technology, morphology, degradation by thermal energy, UV, gamma, other forms of radiation, mechanodegradation, and chemical degradation. The chapter on analytical methods used in studying of degradative and stabilization processes helps in establishing system of checking results of stabilization with different stabilizing systems. Stabilization and stabilizers are discussed in full detail in the most important chapter of this book. The final chapter contains information on the effects of PVC and its additives on health, safety and environment. This book contains analysis of all essential papers and patents published until recently on the above subject. It either locates the answers to relevant questions and offers solutions or gives references in which such answers can be found. PVC Degradation and Stabilization is must to have for chemists, engineers, scientists, university teachers and students, designers, material scientists, environmental chemists, and lawyers who work with polyvinyl chloride and its additives or have any interest in these products. This book is the one authoritative source on the subject. A practical and up-to-date reference guide for engineers and scientists designing with PVC Covers thermal, UV, gamma radiation, chemical, and other forms of degradation Includes a critical discussion of the sustainability issues faced by PVC and its additives, as well as health and safety concerns

Author : Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein,Sonja Pongratz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1436 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Plastics Technology
ISBN : 3446416455

Get Book

Resistance and Stability of Polymers by Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein,Sonja Pongratz Pdf

The stability and resistance of polymeric materials determine whether they can be utilized in a given application. Authoritative and reliable material information is needed during the material selection process and this information must consider the influences of material manufacturing, compounding and stabilization, processing, part design, use and subsequent disposal/recycling. This book is based on the review of more than 1200 literature sources and represents a comprehensive overview of the current know-how regarding the stability and resistance of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers as well as the most commonly used reinforcements and additives. Extensive tables document material resistance to given media, facilitating appropriate material selection or stabilization for a given application.

Author : Y A Shlyapnikov,S G Kiryushkin,A P Mar'in
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1996-10-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0748405771

Get Book

Antioxidative Stabilization Of Polymers by Y A Shlyapnikov,S G Kiryushkin,A P Mar'in Pdf

Polymers play a vital role in manufacturing processes of many kinds, and the development of new polymeric materials is of increasing importance in the field of materials science. Because of this, there is a need to understand why the properties of polymers change, what can be done to avoid degradation and failure, and how performance can be maintained over a much longer lifespan. The authors deal firstly with the process of degradation through oxidation, and then explain how the addition of various antioxidants can inhibit or retard this process. They present a unique discussion of the physico-chemical aspects, particularly the chemical kinetics of antioxidant action and of branched chain reaction kinetics, and the theory of critical phenomena inhibited oxidation. The last part of the book offers practical advice on methods of oxidation investigation, on selection of appropriate antixodants, and on the basic principles of performance prognosis. The book also includes a unique coverage of the regularities of additive solubility.

Author : Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein,Sonja Pongratz
Publisher : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG
Page : 1462 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783446437098

Get Book

Resistance and Stability of Polymers by Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein,Sonja Pongratz Pdf

The stability and resistance of polymeric materials determine whether they can be utilized in a given application. Authoritative and reliable material information is needed during the material selection process and this information must consider the influences of material manufacturing, compounding and stabilization, processing, part design, use and subsequent disposal/recycling. This book is based on the review of more than 1200 literature sources and represents a comprehensive overview of the current know-how regarding the stability and resistance of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers as well as the most commonly used reinforcements and additives. Extensive tables document material resistance to given media, facilitating appropriate material selection or stabilization for a given application. Contents Volume 1: Principles of Aging Testing Methods Stabilization Influence of Processing and Use Resistance to Thermal and Thermal-Oxidative Loads, Weathering, Chemicals, Ionizing Radiation, Microorganisms, Biological Influences, and Mechanical Loads Creep and Fatigue of Reinforced Polymers Contents Volume 2: Chemical Resistance Tables White Lists of Media Influence (According to DIBt) References Index

Author : N. Nikolai Markovich Emanuel',Anatoliĭ Leonidovich Buchachenko
Publisher : VSP
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1987-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9067640921

Get Book

Chemical Physics of Polymer Degradation And Stabilization by N. Nikolai Markovich Emanuel',Anatoliĭ Leonidovich Buchachenko Pdf

Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400907478

Get Book

Photostabilization of Polymers by J.F. Rabek Pdf

During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.

Author : G. Scott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401138383

Get Book

Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation by G. Scott Pdf

The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.