Stalin S Great Science The Times And Adventures Of Soviet Physicists

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Stalin's Great Science

A. B. Kozhevnikov
Stalin s Great Science Book PDF

Author : A. B. Kozhevnikov
Publisher : Imperial College Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 1860944191

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Stalin's Great Science by A. B. Kozhevnikov Pdf

World-class science and technology developed in the Soviet Union during Stalin's dictatorial rule under conditions of political violence, lack of international contacts, and severe restrictions on the freedom of information. Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists is an invaluable book that investigates this paradoxical success by following the lives and work of Soviet scientists ? including Nobel Prize-winning physicists Kapitza, Landau, and others ? throughout the turmoil of wars, revolutions, and repression that characterized the first half of Russia's twentieth century.The book examines how scientists operated within the Soviet political order, communicated with Stalinist politicians, built a new system of research institutions, and conducted groundbreaking research under extraordinary circumstances. Some of their novel scientific ideas and theories reflected the influence of Soviet ideology and worldview and have since become accepted universally as fundamental concepts of contemporary science. In the process of making sense of the achievements of Soviet science, the book dismantles standard assumptions about the interaction between science, politics, and ideology, as well as many dominant stereotypes ? mostly inherited from the Cold War ? about Soviet history in general. Science and technology were not only granted unprecedented importance in Soviet society, but they also exerted a crucial formative influence on the Soviet political system itself. Unlike most previous studies, Stalin's Great Science recognizes the status of science as an essential element of the Soviet polity and explores the nature of a special relationship between experts (scientists and engineers) and communist politicians that enabled the initial rise of the Soviet state and its mature accomplishments, until the pact eroded in later years, undermining the communist regime from within.

Stalin's Great Science: The Times And Adventures Of Soviet Physicists

Kojevnikov Alexei B
Stalin s Great Science The Times And Adventures Of Soviet Physicists Book PDF

Author : Kojevnikov Alexei B
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2004-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781911298274

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Stalin's Great Science: The Times And Adventures Of Soviet Physicists by Kojevnikov Alexei B Pdf

World-class science and technology developed in the Soviet Union during Stalin's dictatorial rule under conditions of political violence, lack of international contacts, and severe restrictions on the freedom of information. Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists is an invaluable book that investigates this paradoxical success by following the lives and work of Soviet scientists — including Nobel Prize-winning physicists Kapitza, Landau, and others — throughout the turmoil of wars, revolutions, and repression that characterized the first half of Russia's twentieth century.The book examines how scientists operated within the Soviet political order, communicated with Stalinist politicians, built a new system of research institutions, and conducted groundbreaking research under extraordinary circumstances. Some of their novel scientific ideas and theories reflected the influence of Soviet ideology and worldview and have since become accepted universally as fundamental concepts of contemporary science. In the process of making sense of the achievements of Soviet science, the book dismantles standard assumptions about the interaction between science, politics, and ideology, as well as many dominant stereotypes — mostly inherited from the Cold War — about Soviet history in general. Science and technology were not only granted unprecedented importance in Soviet society, but they also exerted a crucial formative influence on the Soviet political system itself. Unlike most previous studies, Stalin's Great Science recognizes the status of science as an essential element of the Soviet polity and explores the nature of a special relationship between experts (scientists and engineers) and communist politicians that enabled the initial rise of the Soviet state and its mature accomplishments, until the pact eroded in later years, undermining the communist regime from within.

The Life, Science and Times of Lev Vasilevich Shubnikov

L. J. Reinders
The Life Science and Times of Lev Vasilevich Shubnikov Book PDF

Author : L. J. Reinders
Publisher : Springer
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319720982

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The Life, Science and Times of Lev Vasilevich Shubnikov by L. J. Reinders Pdf

This book describes the life, times and science of the Soviet physicist Lev Vasilevich Shubnikov (1901-1937). From 1926 to 1930 Shubnikov worked in Leiden where he was the co-discoverer of the Shubnikov-De Haas effect. After his return to the Soviet Union he founded in Kharkov in Ukraine the first low-temperature laboratory in the Soviet Union, which in a very short time became the foremost physics institute in the country and among other things led to the discovery of type-II superconductivity. In August 1937 Shubnikov, together with many of his colleagues, was arrested and shot early in November 1937. This gripping story gives deep insights into the pioneering work of Soviet physicists before the Second World War, as well as providing much previously unpublished information about their brutal treatment at the hands of the Stalinist regime.

Stalin and Stalinism

Martin McCauley
Stalin and Stalinism Book PDF

Author : Martin McCauley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429849763

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Stalin and Stalinism by Martin McCauley Pdf

One of the most successful dictators of the twentieth century, Stalin transformed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union into one of the world’s leading political parties. Stalin and Stalinism explores how he ammassed, retained and deployed power to dominate, not only his close associates, but the population of the Soviet Union and Soviet Empire. Moving from leader to autocrat and finally despot, Stalin played a key role in shaping the first half of the twentieth century with, at one time, around one-third of the planet adopting his system. His influence lives on – despite turning their backs on Stalin’s anti-capitalism in the later twentieth century, countries such as China and Vietnam retain his political model – the unbridled power of the Communist Party. First published in 1983, Stalin and Stalinism has established itself as one of the most popular textbooks for those who want to understand the Stalin phenomenon. This updated fourth edition draws on a wealth of new publications, and includes increased discussion on culture, religion and the new society that Stalin fashioned as well as more on spying, Stalin's legacy, and his character as well as his actions. Supported by a chronology of key events, Who’s Who and Guide to Further Reading, this concise assessment of one of the major figures of the twentieth-century world history remains an essential read for students of the subject.

Stalin and the Scientists

Simon Ings
Stalin and the Scientists Book PDF

Author : Simon Ings
Publisher : Open Road + Grove/Atlantic
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780802189868

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Stalin and the Scientists by Simon Ings Pdf

“One of the finest, most gripping surveys of the history of Russian science in the twentieth century.” —Douglas Smith, author of Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy Stalin and the Scientists tells the story of the many gifted scientists who worked in Russia from the years leading up to the revolution through the death of the “Great Scientist” himself, Joseph Stalin. It weaves together the stories of scientists, politicians, and ideologues into an intimate and sometimes horrifying portrait of a state determined to remake the world. They often wreaked great harm. Stalin was himself an amateur botanist, and by falling under the sway of dangerous charlatans like Trofim Lysenko (who denied the existence of genes), and by relying on antiquated ideas of biology, he not only destroyed the lives of hundreds of brilliant scientists, he caused the death of millions through famine. But from atomic physics to management theory, and from radiation biology to neuroscience and psychology, these Soviet experts also made breakthroughs that forever changed agriculture, education, and medicine. A masterful book that deepens our understanding of Russian history, Stalin and the Scientists is a great achievement of research and storytelling, and a gripping look at what happens when science falls prey to politics. Longlisted for the Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction in 2016 A New York Times Book Review “Paperback Row” selection “Ings’s research is impressive and his exposition of the science is lucid . . . Filled with priceless nuggets and a cast of frauds, crackpots and tyrants, this is a lively and interesting book, and utterly relevant today.” —The New York Times Book Review “A must read for understanding how the ideas of scientific knowledge and technology were distorted and subverted for decades across the Soviet Union.” —The Washington Post

Atomic Age America

Martin V. Melosi
Atomic Age America Book PDF

Author : Martin V. Melosi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781315509754

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Atomic Age America by Martin V. Melosi Pdf

Atomic Age America looks at the broad influence of atomic energy¿focusing particularly on nuclear weapons and nuclear power¿on the lives of Americans within a world context. The text examines the social, political, diplomatic, environmental, and technical impacts of atomic energy on the 20th and 21st centuries, with a look back to the origins of atomic theory.

The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 7: The Soviet Economy and the Approach of War, 1937–1939

R. W. Davies,Mark Harrison,Oleg Khlevniuk,Stephen G. Wheatcroft
The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 7 The Soviet Economy and the Approach of War 1937 1939 Book PDF

Author : R. W. Davies,Mark Harrison,Oleg Khlevniuk,Stephen G. Wheatcroft
Publisher : Springer
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137362384

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The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 7: The Soviet Economy and the Approach of War, 1937–1939 by R. W. Davies,Mark Harrison,Oleg Khlevniuk,Stephen G. Wheatcroft Pdf

This book concludes The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia, an authoritative account of the Soviet Union’s industrial transformation between 1929 and 1939. The volume before this one covered the ‘good years’ (in economic terms) of 1934 to 1936. The present volume has a darker tone: beginning from the Great Terror, it ends with the Hitler-Stalin pact and the outbreak of World War II in Europe. During that time, Soviet society was repeatedly mobilised against internal and external enemies, and the economy provided one of the main arenas for the struggle. This was expressed in waves of repression, intensive rearmament, the increased regimentation of the workforce and the widespread use of forced labour.

The First War of Physics: The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb, 1939-1949

Jim Baggott
The First War of Physics The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb 1939 1949 Book PDF

Author : Jim Baggott
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781605987699

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The First War of Physics: The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb, 1939-1949 by Jim Baggott Pdf

An epic story of science and technology at the very limits of human understanding: the monumental race to build the first atomic weapons. Rich in personality, action, confrontation, and deception, The First War of Physics is the first fully realized popular account of the race to build humankind's most destructive weapon. The book draws on declassified material, such as MI6's Farm Hall transcripts, coded soviet messages cracked by American cryptographers in the Venona project, and interpretations by Russian scholars of documents from the soviet archives. Jim Baggott weaves these threads into a dramatic narrative that spans ten historic years, from the discovery of nuclear fission in 1939 to the aftermath of 'Joe-1,’ August 1949's first Soviet atomic bomb test. Why did physicists persist in developing the atomic bomb, despite the devastation that it could bring? Why, despite having a clear head start, did Hitler's physicists fail? Could the soviets have developed the bomb without spies like Klaus Fuchs or Donald Maclean? Did the allies really plot to assassinate a key member of the German bomb program? Did the physicists knowingly inspire the arms race? The First War of Physics is a grand and frightening story of scientific ambition, intrigue, and genius: a tale barely believable as fiction, which just happens to be historical fact.

Five Days in August

Michael D. Gordin
Five Days in August Book PDF

Author : Michael D. Gordin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691168432

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Five Days in August by Michael D. Gordin Pdf

Most Americans believe that the Second World War ended because the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan forced it to surrender. Five Days in August boldly presents a different interpretation: that the military did not clearly understand the atomic bomb's revolutionary strategic potential, that the Allies were almost as stunned by the surrender as the Japanese were by the attack, and that not only had experts planned and fully anticipated the need for a third bomb, they were skeptical about whether the atomic bomb would work at all. With these ideas, Michael Gordin reorients the historical and contemporary conversation about the A-bomb and World War II. Five Days in August explores these and countless other legacies of the atomic bomb in a glaring new light. Daring and iconoclastic, it will result in far-reaching discussions about the significance of the A-bomb, about World War II, and about the moral issues they have spawned.

Into the Cosmos

James T. Andrews,Asif A. Siddiqi
Into the Cosmos Book PDF

Author : James T. Andrews,Asif A. Siddiqi
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822977469

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Into the Cosmos by James T. Andrews,Asif A. Siddiqi Pdf

The launch of the Sputnik satellite in October 1957 changed the course of human history. In the span of a few years, Soviets sent the first animal into space, the first man, and the first woman. These events were a direct challenge to the United States and the capitalist model that claimed ownership of scientific aspiration and achievement. Into the Cosmos shows us the fascinating interplay of Soviet politics, science, and culture during the Khrushchev era, and how the space program became a binding force between these elements.

Communist Psychology in Argentina

Luciano Nicolás García
Communist Psychology in Argentina Book PDF

Author : Luciano Nicolás García
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783031156212

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Communist Psychology in Argentina by Luciano Nicolás García Pdf

This book presents an intellectual history of the reception of Soviet psychology in Argentina as part of the communist scientific culture promoted by the Argentine Communist Party. This research reconstructs the material conditions, the political conjunctures and disciplinary disputes that allowed the international circulation of the works and ideas of Ivan Pavlov and Lev Vygotsky, and analyzes how pavlovism and vygotskianism impacted psychology, psychiatry and the wider mental health field in Argentina between 1935 and 1991. Starting on the 1930s, a group of professionals, scientists and intellectuals who belonged to the Argentine Communist Party introduced Soviet psychology in Argentina as an effort to promote the philosophical and political principles of Marxism-Leninism in Argentinean psychological and psychiatric academic circles, as well as in mental health institutions. This book shows how the efforts of this group contributed to the diffusion of communist scientific ideas and practices in South America as part of a transnational circuit of communist scholars and intellectuals that included France, Spain and the USA, which fostered scientific exchange and politicized science during the years of antifascist struggle and the Cold War. Communist Psychology in Argentina: Transnational Politics, Scientific Culture and Psychotherapy (1935-1991) will be of interest to historians of psychology and psychiatry concerned with the study of the relationship between Marxism and psychology in the 20th century, as well as to historians of science in general attentive to the study of the circulation of scientific ideas, as the book reconstructs the networks of the international communist movement as an effort to provide a scientific basis for the development of a socialist program in different parts of the world.

The Renaissance of General Relativity in Context

Alexander S. Blum,Roberto Lalli,Jürgen Renn
The Renaissance of General Relativity in Context Book PDF

Author : Alexander S. Blum,Roberto Lalli,Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030507541

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The Renaissance of General Relativity in Context by Alexander S. Blum,Roberto Lalli,Jürgen Renn Pdf

This contributed volume explores the renaissance of general relativity after World War II, when it transformed from a marginal theory into a cornerstone of modern physics. Chapters explore key historical processes related to the theory of general relativity, in addition to presenting a thorough treatment of the relevant science behind these episodes. A broad historiographical framework is introduced first, thus providing the broad context in which the given computational approaches and case studies occurred. Written by an international and interdisciplinary group of expert authors, these chapters will bring readers to a more complete understanding of Einstein’s theory. Specific topics include: Social and citation networks The Fock-Infeld dispute Wheeler’s turn to gravitation theory The position of general relativity in theories of fundamental interactions The pursuit of a quantum theory of gravity The emergence of dark matter in relation to cosmological models Institutional frameworks for gravitational wave search in Europe The Renaissance of General Relativity in Context is ideal for historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science. Students and researchers in physics will also be interested in the topics explored.

Producing Power

Sonja D. Schmid
Producing Power Book PDF

Author : Sonja D. Schmid
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780262321808

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Producing Power by Sonja D. Schmid Pdf

An examination of how the technical choices, social hierarchies, economic structures, and political dynamics shaped the Soviet nuclear industry leading up to Chernobyl. The Chernobyl disaster has been variously ascribed to human error, reactor design flaws, and industry mismanagement. Six former Chernobyl employees were convicted of criminal negligence; they defended themselves by pointing to reactor design issues. Other observers blamed the Soviet style of ideologically driven economic and industrial management. In Producing Power, Sonja Schmid draws on interviews with veterans of the Soviet nuclear industry and extensive research in Russian archives as she examines these alternate accounts. Rather than pursue one “definitive” explanation, she investigates how each of these narratives makes sense in its own way and demonstrates that each implies adherence to a particular set of ideas—about high-risk technologies, human-machine interactions, organizational methods for ensuring safety and productivity, and even about the legitimacy of the Soviet state. She also shows how these attitudes shaped, and were shaped by, the Soviet nuclear industry from its very beginnings. Schmid explains that Soviet experts established nuclear power as a driving force of social, not just technical, progress. She examines the Soviet nuclear industry's dual origins in weapons and electrification programs, and she traces the emergence of nuclear power experts as a professional community. Schmid also fundamentally reassesses the design choices for nuclear power reactors in the shadow of the Cold War's arms race. Schmid's account helps us understand how and why a complex sociotechnical system broke down. Chernobyl, while unique and specific to the Soviet experience, can also provide valuable lessons for contemporary nuclear projects.

The Worldwide Transformation of Higher Education

David P. Baker,Alexander W. Wiseman
The Worldwide Transformation of Higher Education Book PDF

Author : David P. Baker,Alexander W. Wiseman
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008-05-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780762314874

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The Worldwide Transformation of Higher Education by David P. Baker,Alexander W. Wiseman Pdf

Enrollment in institutions of higher education around the world is growing. Some scholars have suggested that one reason for this expansion is that the role of higher education has shifted over the last 50 years from an elite to a mass institution. This book discusses the worldwide transformation of higher education from multiple perspectives.

The Nuclear Spies

Vince Houghton
The Nuclear Spies Book PDF

Author : Vince Houghton
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501739606

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The Nuclear Spies by Vince Houghton Pdf

Why did the US intelligence services fail so spectacularly to know about the Soviet Union's nuclear capabilities following World War II? As Vince Houghton, historian and curator of the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC, shows us, that disastrous failure came just a few years after the Manhattan Project's intelligence team had penetrated the Third Reich and knew every detail of the Nazi 's plan for an atomic bomb. What changed and what went wrong? Houghton's delightful retelling of this fascinating case of American spy ineffectiveness in the then new field of scientific intelligence provides us with a new look at the early years of the Cold War. During that time, scientific intelligence quickly grew to become a significant portion of the CIA budget as it struggled to contend with the incredible advance in weapons and other scientific discoveries immediately after World War II. As Houghton shows, the abilities of the Soviet Union's scientists, its research facilities and laboratories, and its educational system became a key consideration for the CIA in assessing the threat level of its most potent foe. Sadly, for the CIA scientific intelligence was extremely difficult to do well. For when the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb in 1949, no one in the American intelligence services saw it coming.