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Stress Adaptation, Prophylaxis and Treatment by Dipak K. Das Pdf
Stress reaction is likely to play a crucial role in a variety of degenerative diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The process of stress adaptation may appear to be simple, but in reality this is a very complex process and we are only beginning to understand the mechanism of adaptation. In January, 1998, scientists from around the world assembled to discuss the potential applicability of the concept of stress adaptation in the clinical arena. This volume contains original research papers presented on this subject during the conference Stress Adaptation, Prophylaxis and Treatment held in Calcutta, India, and serves as an up-to-date source of information for scientists, as well as clinicians interested in applying the concept of stress adaptation to the cure of diseases.
Myocardial Preservation and Cellular Adaptation by D.K. Das Pdf
Living organisms exhibit specific responses when confronted with sudden changes in their environmental conditions. The ability of the cells to acclimate to their new environment is the integral driving force for adaptive modification of the cells. Such adaptation involves a number of cellular and biochemical alteration including metabolic homeostasis and reprogramming of gene expression. Changes in metabolic pathways are generally short-lived and reversible, while the consequences of gene expression are a long-term process and may lead to permanent alternation in the pattern of adaptive responses. The heart possesses remarkable ability to adapt itself against any stressful situation by increasing resistance to the adverse consequences. Stress composes the foundation of many degenerative heart diseases including atherosclerosis, spasm, thrombosis, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. Based on the concept that excessive stress may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, attempts were made to design methods for preventing of myocardial injury. Creation of stress reactions by repeated ischemia and reperfusion or subjecting the hearts to heat or oxidative stress enables them to meet the future stress challenge. Repeated stress exposures adapt the heart to withstand more severe stress reactions probably by upregulating the cellular defense and direct accumulation of intracellular mediators, which presumably constitute the material basis of increased adaptation to stress. Thus, the powerful cardioprotective effect of adaptation is likely to originate at the cellular and molecular levels that compose fundamental processes in the prophylaxis of such diseases. Volume six of the Advances in Organ Biology series contains state-of-the-art reviews on myocardial preservation and cellular adaptation from the leading authorities in this subject.
Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor Pdf
The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 427 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 2020-04-24 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309672108
Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Pdf
Among the many who serve in the United States Armed Forces and who are deployed to distant locations around the world, myriad health threats are encountered. In addition to those associated with the disruption of their home life and potential for combat, they may face distinctive disease threats that are specific to the locations to which they are deployed. U.S. forces have been deployed many times over the years to areas in which malaria is endemic, including in parts of Afghanistan and Iraq. Department of Defense (DoD) policy requires that antimalarial drugs be issued and regimens adhered to for deployments to malaria-endemic areas. Policies directing which should be used as first and as second-line agents have evolved over time based on new data regarding adverse events or precautions for specific underlying health conditions, areas of deployment, and other operational factors At the request of the Veterans Administration, Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis assesses the scientific evidence regarding the potential for long-term health effects resulting from the use of antimalarial drugs that were approved by FDA or used by U.S. service members for malaria prophylaxis, with a focus on mefloquine, tafenoquine, and other antimalarial drugs that have been used by DoD in the past 25 years. This report offers conclusions based on available evidence regarding associations of persistent or latent adverse events.
Stress Reduction and Prevention by M. Jaremko,Donald Meichenbaum Pdf
Since 1950, when Hans Selye first devoted an entire book to the study of stress,professional and public concern with stress has grown tremendous ly. These concerns have contributed to an understanding that has impli cations for both prevention and treatment. The present book is designed to combine these data with the clinical concerns of dealing with stressed populations. In order to bridge the gap between research and practice, contributions are included by major researchers who have been con cerned with the nature of stress and coping and by clinical researchers who have developed stress management and stress prevention programs. The book is divided into three sections. The goal of the first section is to survey the literature on stress and coping and to consider the implica tions for setting up stress prevention and management programs. Follow ing some introductory observations by the editors are the observations of three prominent investigators in the field of stress and coping. Irving JaniS, Seymour Epstein, and Howard Leventhal have conducted seminal studies on the topic of coping with stress. For this book they have each gone beyond their previous writings in proposing models and guidelines for stress prevention and management programs. While each author has tackled his task somewhat differently, a set of common suggestions has emerged.
Frederick J. Stoddard,David M. Benedek,Mohammed R. Milad,Robert J. Ursano
Author : Frederick J. Stoddard,David M. Benedek,Mohammed R. Milad,Robert J. Ursano Publisher : Oxford University Press Page : 411 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 2018 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780190457136
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders by Frederick J. Stoddard,David M. Benedek,Mohammed R. Milad,Robert J. Ursano Pdf
Trauma, stress, and manmade and natural disasters are increasingly impacting individuals and communities. The clinical and scientific advances presented here strive to address the rapidly expanding individual and community burden of disease resulting from the experience of traumatic or stressful events. The authors describe the suffering which trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs) cause, and explain in 30 concise chapters the state of the science for the DSM-5 trauma- and stressor-related disorders with regard to pathogenesis, diagnostic assessment and approach to treatment. This volume presents the genetic, neurochemical, developmental, and psychological foundations and epidemiology of the trauma- and stressor-related disorders, in addition to specific guidance on screening and evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and biological, psychological and social treatments. The chapters in this book cover a variety of TSRDs: posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, persistent complex bereavement disorder, and reactive attachment and disinhibited social engagement disordersd. Graphics, including neuroimaging are integrated for easy reference and to aid grasping of key concepts. The book draws on the current literature and provides brief case scenarios from individuals and families exposed to psychological or physical traumas, including mass trauma events. Factors contributing to susceptibility to these disorders and to resilience are also addressed. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders provides an in-depth yet succinct introduction to current clinical and research knowledge for trainees and for professionals including psychotherapeutic, psychopharmacological, public health, and policy interventions. It addresses the level of evidence for different best practices to target the disabling cognitive, emotional or behavioral symptoms for a specific patient or population.
Exercise Physiology and its Role in Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment - Mechanisms and Insights by Hassane Zouhal,Ismail Laher,Anthony C. Hackney,Urs Granacher,Shunchang Li Pdf
Selenoprotein Structure and Function by Anonim Pdf
Selenoprotein Structure and Function, Volume 662 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this new release include Identification of Selenoprotein O substrates using a biotinylated ATP analog, Selenium-encoded isotopic signature targeted profiling, Designing tRNASec variants for efficient selenocysteine incorporation using Sec-specific reporters, Preparation of selenoprotein S by chemical ligation, Examining xCT-mediated selenium uptake and selenoprotein production capacity in cells, SecMS analysis of selenoprotein with selenocysteine insertion sequence and beyond, Selenocysteine substitutions in thiyl radical enzymes, and much more. Additional chapters cover Recombinant selenoprotein expression in E. coli based upon the redefinition of a UAG codon in an RF1-depleted host strain, Metabolic labeling with radioactive selenium in zebrafish, Low pH isoTOP-ABPP to identify selenocysteines, Expression of selenoproteins via genetic code expansion in mammalian cells, Alpha-methyl selenocysteine as a tool for the study of selenoproteins, Selective selenol fluorescent probes: design, synthesis, structural determinants, and biological applications, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Updated release includes the latest information on Selenoprotein Structure and Function
Nutriomics by Devarajan Thangadurai,Saher Islam,Leo M.L. Nollet,Juliana Adetunji Pdf
Implementation of robust omics technologies enables integrative and holistic interrogation related to nutrition by labeling biomarkers to empirically assess the dietary intake. Nutriomics: Well-being through Nutrition aims to enhance scientific evidence based on omics technologies and effectiveness of nutrition guidelines to promote well-being. It provides deep understanding towards nutrients and genotype effects on disease and health status. It also unveils the nutrient–health relation at the population and individual scale. This book helps to design the precise nutritional recommendations for prevention or treatment of nutrition-related syndromes. Nutriomics: Well-being through Nutrition focuses on: The impact of molecular approaches to revolutionize nutrition research for human well-being Various biomarkers for bioactive ingredient analysis in nutritional intervention research Potential of transcriptomic, genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic tools for nutrition care practices Recent updates on applications of omics technologies towards personalized nutrition Providing comprehensive reviews about omics technologies in nutritional science, Nutriomics: Well-being through Nutrition serves as an advanced source of reference for food developers, nutritionists, and dietary researchers to investigate and evaluate nutriomics tools for development of customized nutrition and food safety. It is also a useful source for clinicians and food industry officials who require intense knowledge about emerging dietary-related tools to revolutionize the nutrition industry. This is a volume in the Food Analysis and Properties series, a series designed to provide state-of-art coverage on topics to the understanding of physical, chemical, and functional properties of foods.
Biochemistry of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis by James S.C. Gilchrist,Paramjit Tappia,Thomas Netticadan Pdf
Diabetes is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease affecting many different organ systems and exhibiting both primary and secondary defects. Because diabetes affects a wide range of cellular systems, a multidisciplinary effort has been mounted over the past several decades using a wide range of investigative techniques and methodologies in order to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular dysfunction. Because primary defects at various levels of sub-cellular signaling, intracellular calcium handling, protein expression and energy regulation are often a primary consequence of diabetes. This volume is a compilation of new multidisciplinary research that will broaden our current understanding of diabetes and cardiovascular disease as well as provide the basis for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Cardiac Cell Biology by Elissavet Kardami,Larry Hryshko,Nasrin Mesaeli Pdf
Cardiac cell biology has come of age. Recognition of activated or modified signaling molecules by specific antibodies, new selective inhibitors, and fluorescent fusion tags are but a few of the tools used to dissect signaling pathways and cross-talk mechanisms that may eventually allow rational drug design. Understanding the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy in all its complexity remains a fundamental goal of cardiac research. Since the advancement of adenovirally mediated gene transfer, transfection efficiency is no longer a limiting factor in the study of cardiomyocytes. A limiting factor in considering cell transplantion as a strategy to repair the damaged heart is cell availability at the right time. Cardiac gap junctions, intercellular communication channels that allow electrical and metabolic coupling and play an important role in arrhythmogenesis are now understood to be exquisite sensors of cardiac change. The reports in this volume incLude elegant studies that made use of cutting edge technological advances and many specialized reagents to address these issues.
Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis by Xianglin Shi,Vince Castranova,Val Vallyathan,William G. Perry Pdf
These proceedings focus on the latest research in molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. The conference promoted a multidisciplinary investigative approach and included presentations from international experts on state-of-the-art information in this field.
Control of Gene Expression by Catecholamines and the Renin-Angiotensin System by Heinz Rupp,Bernhard Maisch Pdf
The special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry focuses on `Control of Gene Expression by Catecholamines and the Renin-Angiotensin System' in health and disease. In recent years, great progress has been made in the understanding of catecholamine and angiotensin II modulated gene expression. There is also increasing evidence that catecholamine and angiotensin II induced cellular injury not solely arises from classical pathways but also from a perturbed gene expression. Taking into account that catecholamines and angiotensin II are vital for a balanced gene expression of many cells, the intriguing possibility arises that various disease are initiated or aggravated by such an imbalance. Catecholamine and angiotensin II influences can be in excess arising from, for example, hypercaloric food intake or psychosocial stress. During early progression of heart failure, sympathetic activity and angiotensin II influences also become increased. Due to beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation, depressed catecholamine influences are expected in the final stage of heart failure. An imbalanced influence of catecholamines and angiotensin II on gene expression leads to disordered molecular structures of the cell and an impaired cell function. This focused issue is organized into chapters concentrating on catecholamines, angiotensin II, and the interaction between catecholamines and angiotensin II. Basic biochemical processes are covered in detail and the potential of these pathways for explaining chronic diseases associated with excess catecholamine and angiotensin II influences should become apparent. It is hoped that this focussed issue triggers novel research into the development of drugs that are targeted at diseases characterized by an imbalanced gene expression involving catecholamines and angiotensin II.