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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Wilson D. Shafer,Gary Jacobs
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039283880
Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Author : Texas A & M University. Department of Chemistry
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Electronic
ISBN : IND:30000090286893
Author : Helmut Pichler,Hans Merkel
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1949
Category : Hydrocarbons
ISBN : UOM:39015078485979
Author : William Jefferson Boone
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 850 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1958
Category : Aluminum oxide
ISBN : OSU:32435026700948
Author : Burtron H. Davis,Mario L. Occelli
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466555303
With petroleum prices spiraling upward, making synthetic fuels-or "synfuels"-from coal, natural gas, and biomass has become more economically competitive. Advanced energy companies now focus exclusively on alternative fuels, and many oil companies have programs dedicated to developing synthetic fuels. The Fischer-Tropsch process, which uses a colle
Author : Shigeru Tsutsumi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1951
Category : Synthetic fuels
ISBN : UOM:39015078456137
Author : Wilson D Shafer,Gary Jacobs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3039283898
Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Author : Y. T. Eidus
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1958
Category : Carbon monoxide
ISBN : UOM:39015078454280
Author : R.A. Sheldon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401710190
The origins of the petrochemical industry can be traced back to the 1920s when simple organic chemicals such as ethanol and isopropanol were first prepared on an industrial scale from by-products (ethylene and propylene) of oil refining. This oil-based petrochemical industry, with lower olefms and aromatics as the key building blocks, rapidly developed into the enormous industry it is today. A multitude of products that are indispensible to modern day society, from plastics to pharmaceuticals, are derived from oil and natural gas-based hydro carbons. The industry had its heyday in the '50s and '60s when predictions of future growth rates tended to be exponential curves. However, two developments that took place in the early '70s disturbed this simplistic and optimistic view of the future. Firstly, the publication of the report for the Cub of Rome on the 'Limits to Growth' emphasized the finite nature of non-renewable fossil fuel resources. Secondly, the Oil Crisis of 1973 emphasized the vulnerability of an energy and chemicals industry that is based largely on a single raw material.
Author : W. Keim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400970403
Continuously increasing oil prices, a dwindling supply of petroleum, and the existence of extensive reserves of biomass, especially of coal, have given rise to a growing interest in generating CO/H from these sources. Catalytic reactions can 2 convert CO/H mixtures to useful hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon intermediates. 2 There is little doubt that petroleum will remain the backbone of the organic chemical industry for many years to come, yet there is great opportunity for CO as an alternative feedstock at times when it is needed. The loosely defined body of chemistry and technology contained in these areas of development has become known as C 1 chemistry, embracing many C 1 building blocks such as CH , CO/H , CO, CH OH, CO and HCN; still emphasis 4 2 3 2 rests on carbon monoxide. Academic research laboratories, oil and chemical companies are in the vanguard of C 1 chemistry. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry is sponsoring a seven-year program of 14 major chemical companies in C 1 chemistry aimed at developing new technology for making basic chemicals from CO and H2 . It is likely that C 1 chemistry will develop slowly but persistently and the future holds great potential.
Author : S. Kodama
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1951
Category : Synthetic fuels
ISBN : UOM:39015077564691
Author : G. Henrici-Olive,S. Olive
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642696626
During the oil embargo, in the winter 1973174, parts of Western Europe present ed an almost war-like aspect on Saturdays and Sundays: no traffic on the high ways, no crowds at ski resorts and other weekend entertainment places, no gaso line at the pumps. Living and teaching then in that part of the world, and discussing the situa tion with our students, we came to the conclusion that it would be timely to col lect the fine chemistry already known at the time in the field of conversion of coal to gasoline and other chemicals, and by this way help to draw the attention to this important alternative to crude oil. The idea of this book was born. The energy shock of the early seventies has been healthy and of great conse quences in chemistry. Large amounts of research money have been put to work since, and our knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of coal-based chemistry has increased enormously. During several years it appeared inap propriate to write a monograph about a topic which was in the midst of such an impetuous development. Nevertheless, we collected, and critically selected, the upcoming work as it appeared in the literature, and also tried to provide some modest input ourselves. Now, ten years later, the situation seems to be settled to a certain degree.
Author : B. H. Davis,Mario L. Occelli
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420062573
Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis explores the recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology, which holds great promise in the area of renewable resources. Expert contributors explore a range of issues The book focuses on three main themes: catalyst preparation and activation, reaction mechanism, and process-related topics. A panel of expert contributors discusses synthesis of catalysts, carbon nanomaterials, nitric oxide calcinations, the influence of carbon, catalytic performance issues, chelating agents, and Cu and alkali promoters. They also explore Co/silica catalysts, thermodynamic control, the Two Alpha model, co-feeding experiments, internal diffusion limitations, Fe-LTFT selectivity, and the effect of co-fed water. Lastly, the book examines cross-flow filtration, kinetic studies, reduction of CO2 emissions, syncrude, and low-temperature water-gas shift. Attaining the maximum catalytic activity and catalyst life The themes explored in the book demonstrate that while the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has advanced in maturity, many issues remain concerning the preparation of increasingly active catalysts and the method of activation to attain the maximum catalytic activity and catalyst life. The book includes coverage of the structural features, their changes, and the application of increasingly sophisticated characterization techniques, shedding light on the reaction mechanism and providing a glimpse into the processes and reaction rates under realistic commercial process conditions.
Author : Edwin L. Kugler,F. W. Steffgen,American Chemical Society. Division of Petroleum Chemistry
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015016031216