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Author : Maurice Frankel
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Great Britain. Alkali and Clean Air Inspectorate
ISBN : LCCN:10084167
Author : Great Britain. Chief Inspector under the Alkali Acts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1891
Category : Alkali industry and trade
ISBN : CHI:100923102
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Electronic
ISBN : LCCN:74595007
Author : Giandomenico Majone
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2002-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134764570
Regulating Europe explains why economic and social regulation is rapidly becoming the new frontier of public policy and public administration in Europe, both at the national and EU levels. Statutory regulation, implemented by independent regulatory bodies, is replacing not only older forms of state intervention but also, to some extent, the redistributive policies of the welfare state. Thus Regulating Europe is an examiniation of the emergence of the regulatory state as the successor of the Keynesian welfare state of the past. Contributions emphasize the parallelism of policy developments at the national and European levels. Part one provides the necessary theoretical background, including a new model of demand and supply of Community regulation. The second part presents a series of case studies of particular regulatory policies and institutions in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and the EU. Part three evaluates current policy and institutional developments, pointing out how the lack of a tradition of statutory regulation in Europe affects the design of the new institutions. Special attention is devoted to the issue of the democratic accountability of expert, politically independent agencies - a problem which, contrary to widespread opinion, is as severe at the national level as it is in Brussels. It is suggested that the requirements of democratic accountability, and of subsidiarity, cannot be met by re-nationalizing European policies, much less by increasing the current level of centralization. A more promising solution is the development of regulatory networks closely integrating national and supranational regulators.
Author : John C. Chicken
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483146508
Hazard Control Policy in Britain examines the general nature of Britain's hazard control policy and the factors that appeared to influence its formation up to 1973, that is, prior to the implementation of the recommendations of the Robens' Committee on Safety and Health at work. Attention is directed mainly at identifying the apparent roles and goals of the various organizations associated with policy making. Comprised of five chapters, this book begins with an overview of the nature of hazards and their technical causes, as well as the risks to life that they pose. Hazard control policy is then considered and a model of the policy making process is postulated. The role of interest groups in the policy-making process is also analyzed. Case studies that give a clear indication of the general nature of the hazard control policy-making process are presented, covering road transport, air transport, factories, nuclear power reactors, and air contamination. This monograph should be of value to policymakers involved in hazard control.
Author : Elizabeth Fisher
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-07-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847313720
Over the last decade the regulatory evaluation of environmental and public health risks has been one of the most legally controversial areas of contemporary government activity. Much of that debate has been understood as a conflict between those promoting 'scientific' approaches to risk evaluation and those promoting 'democratic' approaches. This characterization of disputes has ignored the central roles of public administration and law in technological risk evaluation. This is problematic because, as shown in this book, legal disputes over risk evaluation are disputes over administrative constitutionalism in that they are disputes over what role law should play in constituting and limiting the power of administrative risk regulators. This is shown by five case studies taken from five different legal cultures: an analysis of the bifurcated role of the Southwood Working Party in the UK BSE crisis; the development of doctrines in relation to judicial review of risk evaluation in the US in the 1970s; the interpretation of the precautionary principle by environmental courts and generalist tribunals carrying out merits review in Australia; the interpretation of the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement as part of the WTO dispute settlement process; and the interpretation of the precautionary principle in the EU context. A strong argument is thus made for re-orienting the focus of scholarship in this area.
Author : Dieter Helm
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2000-11-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191588433
The twentieth century witnessed unparalleled economic growth among developed countries, largely based upon the exploitation of fossil fuels, and unparalleled population growth in developing countries. These broad trends in turn did massive damage to the environment. Biodiversity has suffered its biggest reverse since the last great extinctions in geological time, and the burning of fossil fuels has begun to change our climate. But it was only at the end of the century that environmental concerns were transformed from a narrow sectional interest, moving to the centre-stage of government, and on to the main agendas of companies. Once a minority interest, the environment now commands the attention of ministers, chief executives, and consumers in the supermarket. Party manifestos proclaim the greenness of politicians, companies produce environmental reports, and shoppers opt for organic food and avoid genetically modified products. This volume focuses on the practical design of economic instruments for environmental policy. It is divided into three parts: the overarching policy context; the choice of policy instruments; and applications to the main sectors of the economy.
Author : Dr Peter Reed
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472427212
Robert Angus Smith (1817-1884) was a Scottish chemist and a leading investigator into what came to be known as 'acid rain'. This study of his working life, contextualized through discussion of his childhood, education, beliefs, family, interests and influences sheds light on the evolving understanding of sanitary science during the nineteenth century. Born in Glasgow and initially trained for a career in the Church of Scotland, Smith instead went on to study chemistry in Germany under Justus von Liebig. On his return to Manchester in the 1840s, Smith's strong Calvinist faith lead him to develop a strong concern for the insanitary environmental conditions in Manchester and other industrial towns in Britain. His appointment as Inspector of the Alkali Administration in 1863 enabled him to marry his social concerns and his work as an analytical chemist, and this book explores his role as Inspector of the Administration from its inception through battles with chemical manufacturers in the courts, to the struggle to widen and tighten the regulatory framework as other harmful chemical nuisances became known. This study of Smith’s life and work provides an important background to the way that 'chemical' came to have such negative connotations in the century before publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also offers a fascinating insight into the changing landscape of British politics as regulation and enforcement of the chemical industries came to be seen as necessary, and is essential reading for historians of science, technology and industry in the nineteenth century, as well as environmental historians seeking background context to the twentieth-century environmental movements.
Author : Maurice Frankel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1978-09-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781349159062
Author : Noga Morag-Levine
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400825851
The Federal Clean Air Act of 1970 is widely seen as a revolutionary legal response to the failures of the earlier common law regime, which had governed air pollution in the United States for more than a century. Noga Morag-Levine challenges this view, highlighting striking continuities between the assumptions governing current air pollution regulation in the United States and the principles that had guided the earlier nuisance regime. Most importantly, this continuity is evident in the centrality of risk-based standards within contemporary American air pollution regulatory policy. Under the European approach, by contrast, the feasibility-based technology standard is the regulatory instrument of choice. Through historical analysis of the evolution of Anglo-American air pollution law and contemporary case studies of localized pollution disputes, Chasing the Wind argues for an overhaul in U.S. air pollution policy. This reform, following the European model, would forgo the unrealizable promise of complete, perfectly tailored protection--a hallmark of both nuisance law and the Clean Air Act--in favor of incremental, across-the-board pollution reductions. The author argues that prevailing critiques of technology standards as inefficient and undemocratic instruments of "command and control" fit with a longstanding pattern of American suspicion of civil law modeled interventions. This distrust, she concludes, has impeded the development of environmental regulation that would be less adversarial in process and more equitable in outcome.
Author : Alan R. Smith,Society of Chemical Industry (Great Britain)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Air
ISBN : UOM:39015002009671
Author : Peter Reed
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317185826
Robert Angus Smith (1817-1884) was a Scottish chemist and a leading investigator into what came to be known as 'acid rain'. This study of his working life, contextualized through discussion of his childhood, education, beliefs, family, interests and influences sheds light on the evolving understanding of sanitary science during the nineteenth century. Born in Glasgow and initially trained for a career in the Church of Scotland, Smith instead went on to study chemistry in Germany under Justus von Liebig. On his return to Manchester in the 1840s, Smith's strong Calvinist faith lead him to develop a strong concern for the insanitary environmental conditions in Manchester and other industrial towns in Britain. His appointment as Inspector of the Alkali Administration in 1863 enabled him to marry his social concerns and his work as an analytical chemist, and this book explores his role as Inspector of the Administration from its inception through battles with chemical manufacturers in the courts, to the struggle to widen and tighten the regulatory framework as other harmful chemical nuisances became known. This study of Smith’s life and work provides an important background to the way that 'chemical' came to have such negative connotations in the century before publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also offers a fascinating insight into the changing landscape of British politics as regulation and enforcement of the chemical industries came to be seen as necessary, and is essential reading for historians of science, technology and industry in the nineteenth century, as well as environmental historians seeking background context to the twentieth-century environmental movements.
Author : P.B. Downing,K.I. Hanf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789401719278
This book is the culmination of a process that started in the summer of 1979. One of the editors was invited to work with several members of the International Institute for Environment and Society. These researchers were in the early stages of a rather ambitious project designed to study differences in the implementation of pollution control laws among European countries. Our discussions soon revealed that there was much to be learned by the sharing of our research findings in the United States and Europe. Discussions among the researchers at lIES suggested that we expected there to be wide cultural and institutional differences among countries and, therefore, significant differences in the operation and effectiveness of control efforts in different countries. It has been argued al most universally that differences in institutional form will lead to differences in pollution control outcomes. By comparing implementation in various countries, we could observe the ef fects of institutional differences. The lIES project was only one study of the implementation process. Perhaps by analyzing the results of various studies by various authors and for a wide variety of countries and situations, more could be learned. The conference idea was born. The idea culminated in two conferences. The first confer ence was sponsored by the Policy Sciences Program at Florida State University and was held in Tallahassee, Florida, March 6-7, 1981. The second conference was sponsored by the lIES and was held in Berlin, Germany, October 1-3, 1981.
Author : A. R. Meetham,D. W. Bottom,S. Cayton
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483135847
Atmospheric Pollution: Its History, Origins and Prevention looks at the history, sources, and controls of air pollution in Britain. Topics covered include the origin of fuel, natural solid fuels such as wood and coal,and manufactured fuels such as coke and alcohol. Mineral oils and gases are also considered, along with industrial boilers and furnaces, combustion and power generation, and the effects of pollution. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of atmospheric pollution, its causes, and prevention. The next six chapters deal with fuels, furnaces, and fires, with emphasis on natural solid fuels including coal, mineral oils and gases such as petroleum and natural gas, and artificial fuels like charcoal, alcohol, and water gas. The remaining chapters focus on the properties of atmospheric pollution and consider atmospheric pollution from engines and furnaces. Radioactive air pollutants are also examined and remedial measures are proposed to control atmospheric pollution. The last chapter is an account of the law in England and in other countries governing atmospheric pollution. This monograph is meant to be of use to all who are professionally interested in atmospheric pollution, from environmental health officers, legislators, and city councilors to architects, engineers, meteorologists, boiler operators and builders.
Author : Allan D. McKnight,Pauline K. Marstrand,T. Craig Sinclair
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000692747
Originally published in 1974 this volume brings together contributions from lawyers, a nuclear physicist, a landscape architect, biologist, engineers and a former Inspector of the International Atomic Energy Agency. It covers technical and legal information on air, water, sea, land and noise pollution and provides a comprehensive guide, summary and introduction to the journal literature in separate but relevant disciplines. All of the contributors have specialised in studies in pollution control and contributed to the debate on use and management of the environment.