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Author : Alexander Morris Carr-Saunders
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1942
Category : Adaptation (Biology)
ISBN : UOM:39015064495560
Author : Herbert Spencer Jennings
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1930
Category : Science
ISBN : UVA:X000373299
Preface: This volume is an attempt to present those aspects of modern experimental biology that are of most interest in considering the problem of human personality and society. It deals with the origin, development and nature of the traits which distinguish individuals, and which in man make up character; and with some of the relations of these matters to social questions. The material is drawn mainly from the relatively new sciences of Genetics and Experimental Embryology. An effort is made to present it in non-technical language, though for a few important things unknown to common speech the technical terms are the only ones available. The first five chapters summarize the biological foundations for the matters dealt with later. They are necessarily more technical than the others; they are complelled to present certain points that have not yet become familiar, but which in time will be a part of the every-day knowledge of all educated persons. Understanding of the more general questions dealt with in later chapters depends absolutely on a grasp of the matters presented in these chapters. Chapters six to eight deal with the relations of this fundamental knowledge to certain more problematical questions of life and mind, chapter eight presenting certain historical aspects of these matters. Chapters nine to twelve inclusive take up the application of this knowledge to some social problems. Chapter thirteen stands by itself; it is speculative. The three final chapters are devoted to aspects of the problem of evolutionary change. References to sources, and other comments, are gathered into notes at the end of each chapter. They are designed merely as keys by which the reader may follow further any subjects which interest him. The books or papers referred to will usually be found to contain titles of other works along the same line, through which the entire field of knowledge may be explored. For permission to make use of material previously published in the form of articles or addressess, the author is indebted to the Forum, Plain Talk, Science, and the Survey-Graphic. He is indebted for important aid in the preparation of the volume to Louis B. Jennings, Ruth Stocking Lynch, and Harold Heath.--Baltimore, January 4, 1930.
Author : Herbert Spencer Jennings
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1930
Category : Eugenics
ISBN : OCLC:2175871
Author : Michel Tibayrenc,Francisco J. Ayala
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780127999159
On Human Nature: Biology, Psychology, Ethics, Politics, and Religion covers the present state of knowledge on human diversity and its adaptative significance through a broad and eclectic selection of representative chapters. This transdisciplinary work brings together specialists from various fields who rarely interact, including geneticists, evolutionists, physicians, ethologists, psychoanalysts, anthropologists, sociologists, theologians, historians, linguists, and philosophers. Genomic diversity is covered in several chapters dealing with biology, including the differences in men and apes and the genetic diversity of mankind. Top specialists, known for their open mind and broad knowledge have been carefully selected to cover each topic. The book is therefore at the crossroads between biology and human sciences, going beyond classical science in the Popperian sense. The book is accessible not only to specialists, but also to students, professors, and the educated public. Glossaries of specialized terms and general public references help nonspecialists understand complex notions, with contributions avoiding technical jargon. Provides greater understanding of diversity and population structure and history, with crucial foundational knowledge needed to conduct research in a variety of fields, such as genetics and disease Includes three robust sections on biological, psychological, and ethical aspects, with cross-fertilization and reciprocal references between the three sections Contains contributions by leading experts in their respective fields working under the guidance of internationally recognized and highly respected editors
Author : Robert W. Sussman
Publisher : Pearson
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Psychology
ISBN : IND:30000063937183
New edition of a reader developed for an undergraduate anthropology course. The 59 contributions look at genetics, the various interpretations of the early evolution of human behavior, new attempts to link human physical variation to behavioral differences between people, modern evolutionary psychology, and the influences of hormones and the brain on behavior. The emphasis is on providing students with the background information necessary for understanding human universals and the biological bases of the modern social sciences. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author : Edmund Ware Sinnott
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Biology
ISBN : UVA:X000418465
Author : Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Evolution
ISBN : 0598217290
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Evolution
ISBN : OCLC:930423554
Author : Armin Grunwald,Matthias Gutmann,Eva M. Neumann-Held
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783642500237
Modern molecular technology in the so-called life sciences (biology as weil as medicine) allows today to approach and manipulate living beings in ways and to an extent wh ich not too long aga seemed Utopian. The empirical progress promises further and even more radical developments in the future, and it is at least often claimed that this kind of research will have tremendeous etfects on and for all of humanity, for example in the areas of food production, transplantation medicine (including stem cell research and xenotransplantation), (therapeutic) genetic manipulation and (cell-line) cloning (of cell lines or tissues), and of biodiversity conservation-strategies. At least in Western, industrialized countries the development of modern sciences led to a steady increase of human health, well-being and quality of life. However, with the move to make the human body itself an object of scientific research interests, the respective scientific descriptions resulted in changes in the image that human beings have of themselves. Scientific progress has led to a startling loss of traditional human self-understanding. This development is in contrast to an under standing according to which the question what it means to be "human" is treated in the realm of philosophy. And indeed, a closer look reveals that - without denying the value of scientitic progress - science cannot replace the philosophical approach to anthropological questions.
Author : Edward O. Wilson
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674076549
In his new preface E. O. Wilson reflects on how he came to write this book: how The Insect Societies led him to write Sociobiology, and how the political and religious uproar that engulfed that book persuaded him to write another book that would better explain the relevance of biology to the understanding of human behavior.
Author : Maria Kronfeldner
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262549684
A philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against dehumanization, Darwinian, and developmentalist challenges. Human nature has always been a foundational issue for philosophy. What does it mean to have a human nature? Is the concept the relic of a bygone age? What is the use of such a concept? What are the epistemic and ontological commitments people make when they use the concept? In What's Left of Human Nature? Maria Kronfeldner offers a philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against contemporary criticism. In particular, she takes on challenges related to social misuse of the concept that dehumanizes those regarded as lacking human nature (the dehumanization challenge); the conflict between Darwinian thinking and essentialist concepts of human nature (the Darwinian challenge); and the consensus that evolution, heredity, and ontogenetic development result from nurture and nature. After answering each of these challenges, Kronfeldner presents a revisionist account of human nature that minimizes dehumanization and does not fall back on outdated biological ideas. Her account is post-essentialist because it eliminates the concept of an essence of being human; pluralist in that it argues that there are different things in the world that correspond to three different post-essentialist concepts of human nature; and interactive because it understands nature and nurture as interacting at the developmental, epigenetic, and evolutionary levels. On the basis of this, she introduces a dialectical concept of an ever-changing and “looping” human nature. Finally, noting the essentially contested character of the concept and the ambiguity and redundancy of the terminology, she wonders if we should simply eliminate the term “human nature” altogether.
Author : Larry Arnhart
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1998-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780791495308
This book shows how Darwinian biology supports an Aristotelian view of ethics as rooted in human nature. Defending a conception of "Darwinian natural right" based on the claim that the good is the desirable, the author argues that there are at least twenty natural desires that are universal to all human societies because they are based in human biology. The satisfaction of these natural desires constitutes a universal standard for judging social practice as either fulfilling or frustrating human nature, although prudence is required in judging what is best for particular circumstances. The author studies the familial bonding of parents and children and the conjugal bonding of men and women as illustrating social behavior that conforms to Darwinian natural right. He also studies slavery and psychopathy as illustrating social behavior that contradicts Darwinian natural right. He argues as well that the natural moral sense does not require religious belief, although such belief can sometimes reinforce the dictates of nature.
Author : Hans Eysenck
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351305266
This classic is one of the most cited and novel approaches to psychology ever written. Hans Eysenck presents a descriptive and causal model of human personality in accord with the major concepts of experimental psychology and the physiological and neurological mechanisms that form the biological basis of behavior patterns. His proposal for an alliance between personality and physiology represented a major innovation in the field of psychology, distinguished his research from his contemporaries, and set the stage for a wealth of research to come. Before this foundational work, Eysenck had initially constructed a model of personality in such works as Dimensions of Personality and The Experimental Study of Personality, but these were primarily descriptive in nature. A second phase of research included his Dynamics of Anxiety and Hysteria and Experiments with Drugs, where he provided causal analysis by reference to concepts then current in experimental psychology. The Biological Basis of Personality represents Eysenck's third phase, when he dug deeper to find biological causes underlying the psychological concepts of emotion, excitation, and inhibition--which had formed the building blocks of his earlier efforts. In this work, the causal links he postulates between personality variables and neurological and physiological discoveries establish a realistic model that takes theory out of the field of mere speculation. As Sybil Eysenck makes clear in her new preface, this book paved the way for a "marriage" of the experimental and individual difference approach in personality psychology. As Sybil Eysenck makes clear in her new preface, this book paved the way for a "marriage" of the experimental and individual difference approach in personality psychology.
Author : George Ellison,Alan H. Goodman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0849327202
Unprecedented advances in genetics and biotechnology have brought profound new insights into human biological variation. These present challenges and opportunities for understanding the origins of human nature, the nature of difference, and the social practices these sustain. This provides an opportunity for cooperation between the biological and social sciences – one that is capable of prompting a synergistic exchange of ideas with far-reaching implications. The Nature of Differencecritically analyses biological explanations for morality, criminality, race, sexuality, and disability. Based on the 45th annual symposium of the Society for the Study of Human Biology, this work synthesizes the perspectives of established experts in the field of human biology with those studying the social meanings of human biological variation and scientific practices in human biological research. Some questions addressed by The Nature of Difference: · Is there a biological basis for morality, criminality, witchcraft, sexuality or disability? · What do comparisons of humans and apes tell us about society? · How do people draw on scientific methods to justify racism? · Why do geneticists continue to use racial categories in their research? · Do ethical guidelines constrain or facilitate research into human biology? · Can science and society escape from biological determinism? As biotechnology expands the frontiers of what we know and what we are able to do, and as the genomic revolution moves out of the laboratory and into our daily lives, we are faced with a number of pressing social issues that need to be resolved. Offering an unparalleled collection of multidisciplinary perspectives on the meanings of biological diversity, this book provides readers with a vibrant analysis which revisits these issues with deepened insight from contrasting yet complementary perspectives.