The Birth Of Ethics

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The Birth of Ethics

Philip Pettit
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Berkeley Tanner Lectures
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190904913

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The Birth of Ethics by Philip Pettit Pdf

Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space. While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.

The Birth of Ethics

Philip Pettit
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190904937

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The Birth of Ethics by Philip Pettit Pdf

Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space. While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.

The Birth of Ethics

Philip Pettit
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190904920

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The Birth of Ethics by Philip Pettit Pdf

Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space. While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.

The Birth of Bioethics

Albert R. Jonsen
The Birth of Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Albert R. Jonsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015042163645

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The Birth of Bioethics by Albert R. Jonsen Pdf

Covering the period from 1947 to 1987, Jonsen examines the history of bioethics. He discusses human experimentation, genetic engineering and organ transplantation as well as the philosophical, legal and social policy implications.

The Birth of Ethics

Philip Pettit
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : PHILOSOPHY
ISBN : 0190904941

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The Birth of Ethics by Philip Pettit Pdf

To know the nature of any phenomenon or practice, it is often a good idea to learn about how it might have emerged or might have been constructed. The Birth of Ethics offers an account of how morality might have emerged, without any planning, in a society with language but without any properly ethical concepts or practices. The conjectural history that it documents serves a philosophical purpose, for it directs us the role that morality plays in human life and the nature of morality that enables it to play that role.

The Birth of Ethics

Michael van Manen
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael van Manen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000226454

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The Birth of Ethics by Michael van Manen Pdf

From the time of conception, through the gestation of pregnancy, to the birth of a newborn child exists an extraordinary, emergent ethics. How does this ethics come into being when a child is conceived? How does the appearance of ethics in pregnancy differ from its emergence after birth? How does the original meaning of ethics relate to modern morality in decision making? In this book, Michael van Manen explores these ethical moral complexities and conceptualizations of life’s beginnings. He delves into perennial and contemporary aspects of conception, pregnancy, and birth to present ethics as a fundamental phenomenon in the experiential encounter between parent and child. Even in the context of neonatal-perinatal medicine, where all manner of medical technologies and illnesses may potentially complicate the developing relation of parent and child, ethics is always already present yet also enigmatic in its origin. And yet, to approach ethical moral questions, we need to understand the inception of ethics. The Birth of Ethics: Phenomenological Reflections on Life’s Beginnings is an essential text not only for health professionals and researchers but also for parents, family members, and others who care and take responsibility for newborns in need of medical care.

Birth and Death

Kath Woodward,Sophie Woodward
Birth and Death Book PDF

Author : Kath Woodward,Sophie Woodward
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9781351212618

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Birth and Death by Kath Woodward,Sophie Woodward Pdf

Usually conceived in opposition to each other – birth as a hopeful beginning, death as an ending – this book brings them into dialogue with each other to argue that both are central to our experiences of being in the world and part of living. Written by two authors, this book takes an intergenerational approach to highlight the connections and disconnections between birth and death; adopting a relational approach allows the book to explore birth and death through the key relationships that constitute them: personal and social, private and public, the affective and social norms, the actual and the virtual and the ordinary and profound. Of interest to academics and students in the fields of feminism, phenomenology and the life course, the book will also be of relevance to policy makers in the areas of birth activism and end of life care. Drawing from personal stories, everyday life and publicly contested examples, the book will also be of interest to a more general readership as it engages with questions we all at some point will grapple with.

The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics

Michael B. Gill
The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael B. Gill
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2006-07-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139458290

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The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics by Michael B. Gill Pdf

Uncovering the historical roots of naturalistic, secular contemporary ethics, in this volume Michael Gill shows how the British moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries completed a Copernican revolution in moral philosophy. They effected a shift from thinking of morality as independent of human nature to thinking of it as part of human nature itself. He also shows how the British Moralists - sometimes inadvertently, sometimes by design - disengaged ethical thinking, first from distinctly Christian ideas and then from theistic commitments altogether. Examining in detail the arguments of Whichcote, Cudworth, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson against Calvinist conceptions of original sin and egoistic conceptions of human motivation, Gill also demonstrates how Hume combined the ideas of earlier British moralists with his own insights to produce an account of morality and human nature that undermined some of his predecessors' most deeply held philosophical goals.

NICOMACHEAN ETHICS

Aristotle
NICOMACHEAN ETHICS Book PDF

Author : Aristotle
Publisher : 右灰文化傳播有限公司可提供下載列印
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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NICOMACHEAN ETHICS by Aristotle Pdf

�EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim. But a certain difference is found among ends; some are activities, others are products apart from the activities that produce them. Where there are ends apart from the actions, it is the nature of the products to be better than the activities. Now, as there are many actions, arts, and sciences, their ends also are many; the end of the medical art is health, that of shipbuilding a vessel, that of strategy victory, that of economics wealth. But where such arts fall under a single capacity- as bridle-making and the other arts concerned with the equipment of horses fall under the art of riding, and this and every military action under strategy, in the same way other arts fall under yet others- in all of these the ends of the master arts are to be preferred to all the subordinate ends; for it is for the sake of the former that the latter are pursued. It makes no difference whether the activities themselves are the ends of the actions, or something else apart from the activities, as in the case of the sciences just mentioned.�

The Birth of Bioethics

Albert R. Jonsen
The Birth of Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Albert R. Jonsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199759828

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The Birth of Bioethics by Albert R. Jonsen Pdf

This book is the first broad history of the growing field of bioethics. Covering the period 1947-1987, it examines the origin and evolution of the debates over human experimentation, genetic engineering, organ transplantation, termination of life-sustaining treatment, and new reproductive technologies. It assesses the contributions of philosophy, theology, law and the social sciences to the expanding discourse of bioethics. Written by one of the field's founders, it is based on extensive archival research into resources that are difficult to obtain and on interviews with many leading figures. A very readable account of the development of bioethics, the book stresses the history of ideas but does not neglect the social and cultural context and the people involved.

Being Good

Simon Blackburn
Being Good Book PDF

Author : Simon Blackburn
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2002-03-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191585876

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Being Good by Simon Blackburn Pdf

It is not only in our dark hours that scepticism, relativism, hypocrisy, and nihilism dog ethics. Whether it is a matter of giving to charity, or sticking to duty, or insisting on our rights, we can be confused, or be paralysed by the fear that our principles are groundless. Many are afraid that in a Godless world science has unmasked us as creatures fated by our genes to be selfish and tribalistic, or competitive and aggressive. Simon Blackburn, author of the best-selling Think, structures this short introduction around these and other threats to ethics. Confronting seven different objections to our self-image as moral, well-behaved creatures, he charts a course through the philosophical quicksands that often engulf us. Then, turning to problems of life and death, he shows how we should think about the meaning of life, and how we should mistrust the sound-bite sized absolutes that often dominate moral debates. Finally he offers a critical tour of the ways the philosophical tradition has tried to provide foundations for ethics, from Plato and Aristotle through to contemporary debates.

The Birth of Ethics

Michael van Manen
The Birth of Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael van Manen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000226430

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The Birth of Ethics by Michael van Manen Pdf

From the time of conception, through the gestation of pregnancy, to the birth of a newborn child exists an extraordinary, emergent ethics. How does this ethics come into being when a child is conceived? How does the appearance of ethics in pregnancy differ from its emergence after birth? How does the original meaning of ethics relate to modern morality in decision making? In this book, Michael van Manen explores these ethical moral complexities and conceptualizations of life’s beginnings. He delves into perennial and contemporary aspects of conception, pregnancy, and birth to present ethics as a fundamental phenomenon in the experiential encounter between parent and child. Even in the context of neonatal-perinatal medicine, where all manner of medical technologies and illnesses may potentially complicate the developing relation of parent and child, ethics is always already present yet also enigmatic in its origin. And yet, to approach ethical moral questions, we need to understand the inception of ethics. The Birth of Ethics: Phenomenological Reflections on Life’s Beginnings is an essential text not only for health professionals and researchers but also for parents, family members, and others who care and take responsibility for newborns in need of medical care.

A Philosophy of Ethics

David Wyatt Aiken
A Philosophy of Ethics Book PDF

Author : David Wyatt Aiken
Publisher : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015015318176

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A Philosophy of Ethics by David Wyatt Aiken Pdf

Is it really possible to fully define the human animal in terms of the natural Darwinian world? Naturalists say that the goal of the natural order is the survival of that order as a whole. If this is true, then there is inherent in that natural order a type of natural or primitive ethic, the ethic of the survival of the kind. Actions which encourage life are good, and those which provoke death are bad. Yet in the process of setting the human animal against the inclusively natural backdrop which defines him in the natural world, another type of ethic appears which is absolutely incongruous to the natural order, and which, instead of enhancing the human animal's chances of survival, actually seems to jeopardize them. This other type of ethic, or Morals, which is characterized by motivations such as mercy and compassion, clearly did not arise from the natural order and cannot be justified in terms of that order. Since, therefore, Morals do not arise from man's natural History, it is reasonable to begin looking for their origins in the texts of the human animal's «mythic» History.

The Ethics of Everyday Life

Michael Banner,Michael C. Banner
The Ethics of Everyday Life Book PDF

Author : Michael Banner,Michael C. Banner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780198722069

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The Ethics of Everyday Life by Michael Banner,Michael C. Banner Pdf

The moments in Christ's human life noted in the creeds (his conception, birth, suffering, death, and burial) are events which would likely appear in a syllabus for a course in social anthropology, for they are of special interest and concern in human life, and also sites of contention and controversy, where what it is to be human is discovered, constructed, and contested. In other words, these are the occasions for profound and continuing questioning regarding the meaning of human life, as controversies to do with IVF, abortion, euthanasia, and the use of bodies or body parts post mortem plainly indicate. Thus the following questions arise, how do the instances in Christ's life represent human life, and how do these representations relate to present day cultural norms, expectations, and newly emerging modes of relationship, themselves shaping and framing human life? How does the Christian imagination of human life, which dwells on and draws from the life of Christ, not only articulate its own, but also come into conversation with and engage other moral imaginaries of the human? Michael Banner argues that consideration of these questions requires study of moral theology, therefore, he reconceives its nature and tasks, and in particular, its engagement with social anthropology. Drawing from social anthropology and Christian thought and practice from many periods, and influenced especially by his engagement in public policy matters including as a member of the UK's Human Tissue Authority, Banner aims to develop the outlines of an everyday ethics, stretching from before the cradle to after the grave.

Applied Ethics and Social Problems

Tony Fitzpatrick
Applied Ethics and Social Problems Book PDF

Author : Tony Fitzpatrick
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008-06-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1861348592

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Applied Ethics and Social Problems by Tony Fitzpatrick Pdf

Applied ethics and social problems presents introductions to the three most influential moral philosophies and relates these to some of the most urgent questions in contemporary public debates about the future of welfare services.