The Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Author : Wei Zheng,Adam Chodobski
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005-03-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1420023403

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The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier by Wei Zheng,Adam Chodobski Pdf

Despite the existence of two barrier systems in the brain, research over the last century has mostly focused on the blood-brain barrier rather than on the blood-CSF barrier. Today, there is a greater understanding of the function of the blood-CSF barrier and of the choroid plexus, a tissue that is the primary site of this barrier. With the growing number of studies that focus on the role of the blood-CSF barrier in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders, a modern overview of the blood-CSF barrier is long overdue. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier is exclusively devoted to the blood-CSF barrier. Internationally renowned experts discuss the most recent progress in the field of choroid plexus physiology and update our knowledge of the function of the blood-CSF barrier. The book begins with an overview of the development and morphology of the choroid plexus, and then covers various aspects of its function, such as the regulation of choroidal blood flow, ion transport, and the production and transport of polypeptides. Following an extensive section on the role of the choroid plexus in CNS disorders, the final section discusses in vitro, in vivo, and in situ models of the blood-CSF barrier. This unique book analyzes a wealth of new research on the proven and potential roles of the choroid plexus/blood-CSF barrier in the brain. It is a valuable resource that will foster future studies in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology.

Author : Wei Zheng
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 653 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : MEDICAL
ISBN : 0367801000

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The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier by Wei Zheng Pdf

Despite the existence of two barrier systems in the brain, research over the last century has mostly focused on the blood-brain barrier rather than on the blood-CSF barrier. Today, there is a greater understanding of the function of the blood-CSF barrier and of the choroid plexus, a tissue that is the primary site of this barrier. With the growing number of studies that focus on the role of the blood-CSF barrier in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders, a modern overview of the blood-CSF barrier is long overdue. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier is exclusively devoted to the blood-CSF.

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047239

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The Cerebral Circulation by Marilyn J. Cipolla Pdf

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Author : Ruth Lyck,Gaby Enzmann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319455143

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The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation by Ruth Lyck,Gaby Enzmann Pdf

This PIR volume presents a comprehensive collection of reviews that focus on the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during steady-state and inflamed conditions. Within the central nervous system (CNS) the constantly changing bloodstream is strictly separated from the CNS parenchyma by the BBB. However, viruses, bacteria, parasites and auto-aggressive immune cells can penetrate the barrier and significantly contribute to CNS inflammation. The BBB can actively contribute to neuroinflammation by presentation of chemokines, expression of cell adhesion molecules and alterations of barrier properties. As such, understanding the role of the BBB under healthy and pathological conditions is essential to the development of new drugs to efficiently combat inflammatory diseases of the CNS.

Author : Katherine Stokes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1632416743

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Physiology of the CSF and Blood Brain Barriers by Katherine Stokes Pdf

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear colorless fluid found in the brain and the spinal cord. It acts as a cushion for the brain, providing basic immunological and mechanical protection to the brain inside the skull. It serves an important role in cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. The brain produces approximately 500 ml of cerebrospinal fluid everyday. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a selective semipermeable boundary separating the circulating blood from the brain and the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system. It restricts the diffusion of solutes in the blood and hydrophilic molecules into the CSF but allows the diffusion of hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other polar molecules. The blood brain barrier acts to protect the brain from circulating pathogens. In cases where an infection occurs, a drug has to be administered directly into the CSF such that it can cross over into the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood brain barriers. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Author : Hugh Davson,Malcolm B. Segal
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 832 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1995-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849344727

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Physiology of the CSF and Blood-Brain Barriers by Hugh Davson,Malcolm B. Segal Pdf

This text/reference uses 574 figures and illustrations to help explain the relationships between blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and central nervous system (CNS). The authors focus on the interaction of these fluids and the relative importance of the transport mechanisms of hormones from blood to nervous tissue. Carrier-mediated transport of many neuroactive peptides is discussed. Special aspects of the blood-brain barrier are covered in detail. An entire chapter is devoted to the comparative physiology of the CSF and the brain barriers. Physiologists in all fields will have an interest in the updated theories covered in this book.

Author : Davson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849377617

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An Introduction to the Blood-brain Barrier by Davson Pdf

This book is devoted to exploring the complexities of the blood-brain barrier. The book begins by reviewing the historical experiments that led to the concept of a barrier protecting the brain from variations in the blood. Transport kinetics and carrier-mediated processes are described, and the mechanism by which molecules can cross the barrier is discussed. Ways in which the barrier can be disrupted and opened are covered as well. Subsequent chapters in the book describe the transport of glucose and amino acids into the central nervous systems, cover recent findings by which peptides and proteins are able to gain entry or are excluded from the brain, and analyze models that can be used for investigating how the blood-brain barrier can be disordered in neurological disease processes.

Author : Gert Fricker,Melanie Ott,Anne Mahringer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662437872

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The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) by Gert Fricker,Melanie Ott,Anne Mahringer Pdf

Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors.

Author : E.A. Neuwelt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461307013

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Implications of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Manipulation by E.A. Neuwelt Pdf

Understanding the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and recogniz ing its clinical relevance require a concert of scientific disciplines applied from a view point of integrative physiology rather than from only molecular or analytical approaches. It is this broad scope that is emphasized in this book. In my opinion, four original contributions define the field as it exists today. The first, a monograph by Broman,1 entitled The Permeability of the Cerebrospinal Vessels in Normal and Pathological Conditions, was the model for many subsequent clinical and 3 experimental studies on BBB pathology. Second, experiments by Davson, summarized in his book entitled Physiology of the Ocular and Cerebrospinal Fluids, indicated that passive entry of nonelectrolytes into brain from blood is governed largely by their lipid 4 solubility. This research supported the original suggestion by Gesell and Hertzman that cerebral membranes have the semipermeability properties of cell membranes. The modem era of the barrier was introduced with the 1965 paper by Crone,2 entitled "Facilitated transfer of glucose from blood to brain tissue. " This paper identified stereospecific, facilitated transport of glucose as part of a system of regulatory barrier properties at a time when only a barrier to passive diffusion had been contemplated. Finally, the 1967 paper by Reese and Kamovsky, 11 entitled "Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase," sited the barrier at the continuous layer of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, which are connected by tight junctions.

Author : Tatiana Barichello
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493989456

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Blood-Brain Barrier by Tatiana Barichello Pdf

This volume focuses on experimental research with applicable models to study physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This book is organized into six parts: Part One is an overview of the physiology of BBB; Part Two explores in vitro cell models to study the BBB; Part Three discusses techniques in vivo and ex vivo models to evaluate BBB in Drosophila melanogaster, Zebrafish, and rodents; Part Four looks at permeability, influx, efflux transportation, and drug delivery through the BBB; Part Five talks about various invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques to study BBB; and Part Six describes how molecular biomarkers are used to look at the integrity or dysfunction of the BBB. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Blood-Brain Barrier is a valuable resource to aid both novice and experienced investigators with performing experiments using new and classic translational approaches.

Author : Anthony J. Suckling,M. G. Rumsby,Michael William Blackburn Bradbury
Publisher : Ellis Horwood
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105032335601

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The Blood-brain Barrier in Health and Disease by Anthony J. Suckling,M. G. Rumsby,Michael William Blackburn Bradbury Pdf

Author : Michael W.B. Bradbury
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642768941

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Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Michael W.B. Bradbury Pdf

The blood-brain barrier is still not completely understood and therefore the subject of fascinating study. How are endogenous substances transported through the blood-brain barrier? What are the known therapeutic and toxic agents? How are they transported across cerebral microvessels? The discussion of these and other questions with far-reaching consequences for all neuroscientists can be found in this volume. This authoritative and up-to-date review of the blood-brain barrier gives a proper understanding of the topic. The experimental principles, the results of very recent research, as well as the implications that experimental research has for clinical treatment are thoroughly covered. Information is given on: - new findings based on classical physiological and pharmacological techniques, - results obtained from brain capillaries in vitro and in culture, - results obtained from the new scanning techniques (PET and MRI), - the immunology of the blood-brain barrier, - trace metal transport, - the pathological breakdown of the barrier and - the modification of drugs to increase their entry into the brain. Here is a source of information that is invaluable to specialists concerned with basic research in the neurosciences, with the design of neuropharmacological agents, with the radiological diagnosis of cerebral pathology or with the treatment of cerebral lesions!

Author : Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781498766579

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Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant Pdf

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.

Author : Malcolm Beverley Segal
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Aqueous humor
ISBN : 0849377072

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Barriers and Fluids of the Eye and Brain by Malcolm Beverley Segal Pdf

This volume presents the latest findings regarding the control of the fluid environments of the eye and brain. The book is comprised of papers presented at a symposium honoring the 80th birthday of Professor Hugh Davson. The contributors are previous students of Hugh Davson who are now leading authorities in the fields of the eye and brain. The eye is considered from its many interfaces, including the role of prostaglandins, blood flow in diabetes, and the vitreous body. Other topics discussed include the role of carbonic anhydrase, cerebrospinal fluid and its drainage, and the development of the blood/brain barrier to macromolecules. The book also shows how recent findings about homologous molecules refute earlier studies with foreign tracers, and offers a fascinating glimpse into the future with a description of the latest imaging techniques used in neurological diagnosis.

Author : Hari Shanker Sharma
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 605 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080528229

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Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease by Hari Shanker Sharma Pdf

Recent research into the anatomy and pathophysiology of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers suggests that a breakdown in these barriers can result in several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). This book presents new findings in the area of blood-brain barrier research that suggest barriers play important roles in health and disease conditions. It also discusses the development of new drugs that can modulate the barrier function in the CNS and may provide new approaches to treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other motor neuron diseases, as well as spinal cord trauma. Key Features * Presents the recent progress made in the research on the blood-brain and spinal cord barrier * Contains numerous illustrations of light and electron micrographs * Includes Foreword written by two eminent researchers in the field, Milton Brightman and Jorge Cervos-Navarro