The Changing Faces Of Glutathione A Cellular Protagonist

Author : Alfonso Pompella,Alessandro Corti
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-17
Category : Pharmacology
ISBN : 9782889195954

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The Changing Faces of Glutathione, a Cellular Protagonist by Alfonso Pompella,Alessandro Corti Pdf

Glutathione (GSH) has been described for a long time just as a defensive reagent against the action of toxic xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens), both directly and as a cofactor for GSH transferases. As a prototype antioxidant, it has been involved in cell protection from the noxious effect of excess oxidant stress, both directly and as a cofactor of glutathione peroxidases. In addition, it has long been known that GSH is capable of forming disulfide bonds with cysteine residues of proteins, and the relevance of this mechanism ("S-glutathionylation") in regulation of protein function has been well documented in a number of research fields. Rather paradoxically, it has also been highlighted that GSH—and notably its catabolites, as originated by metabolism by gamma-glutamyltransferase—can promote oxidative processes, by participating in metal ion-mediated reactions eventually leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Also, a fundamental role of GSH has been recognized in the storage and transport of nitric oxide (NO), in the form of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The significance of GSH as a major factor in regulation of cell life, proliferation, and death, can be regarded as the integrated result of all these roles, as well as of more which are emerging in diverse fields of biology and pathophysiology. Against this background, modulation of GSH levels and GSH-related enzyme activities represents a fertile field for experimental pharmacology in numerous and diverse perspectives of animal, plant and microbiologic research. This research topic includes 14 articles, i.e. 4 Opinion Articles, 6 Reviews, and 4 Original Research Articles. The contributions by several distinguished research groups, each from his own standpoint of competence and expertise, provide a comprehensive and updated view over the diverse roles, the changing faces of GSH and GSH-related enzymes in cell’s health, disease and death.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1504 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medicine
ISBN : MINN:31951P00992541Q

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Index Medicus by Anonim Pdf

Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author : Leopold Flohe
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351261753

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Glutathione by Leopold Flohe Pdf

This is the first serious attempt to synthesize all that became known of glutathione over the last three decades. The book contains an update of glutathione biosynthesis with special emphasis on its regulation in adaptive stress responses. Other chapters review glutathione transport systems and glutathione peroxidases and their differences in substrate specificities and localization. Further contributions center on the diversified roles of different glutathione-S-transferases and the roles of nitrosoglutathione and glutaredoxins - a subfamily of redoxins. The book closes with discussions of the analogous or homologous thiol metabolism in pathogens and the potential suitability of involved enzymes as drug targets. Key selling features: Summarizing the way glutathione is involved in stress responses Compiling the multiple ways glutathione affects inflammatory responses Disclosing how glutathione dampens programmed cell death such as ferroptosis Exploring the enigma of how enzymes accelerate glutathione-dependent processes Discussing how detoxification and redox regulation is mediated by glutathionylation Reviewing the ways glutaredoxins catalyze protein disulfide reduction Highlighting the medical impact of glutathione-related metabolic pathways Illustrating the role thiol metabolism of pathogens might play in drug discovery Chapter 11 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

Author : Giuseppe Valacchi,Paul A. Davis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2008-06-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402083990

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Oxidants in Biology by Giuseppe Valacchi,Paul A. Davis Pdf

Oxidants, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidants, whether intentionally produced or by-products of normal metabolism can either mediate a variety of critical biological processes but when present inappropriately cause extensive damage to biological molecules (DNA, proteins, and lipids). These effects can lead to either damage that is a major contributor to aging and degenerative diseases (or to other diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts) or normal physiological function- tissue repair, defense against pathogens and cellular proliferation. On the other hand the body is equipped with a complex antioxidant/oxidant handling system which includes both enzymatic and nonenzymatic (i.e. small molecules such as flavonoids, ascorbate, tocopherol, and carotenoids) produced endogenously or derived from the diet. This book focuses on how the same molecules can have favorable or noxious effects depending on location, level and timing. Each chapter focuses on one particular molecule or oxidant/antioxidant system and provides a state of the art review of the current understanding regarding both positive and negative actions of the system under review.

Author : Douglas R. Spitz,Kenneth J. Dornfeld,Koyamangalath Krishnan,David Gius
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 1617793973

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Oxidative Stress in Cancer Biology and Therapy by Douglas R. Spitz,Kenneth J. Dornfeld,Koyamangalath Krishnan,David Gius Pdf

During the last 30 years it has become clearly evident that oxidative stress and free radical biology play key roles in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, cancer therapy, and normal tissue damage that limits treatment efficacy during cancer therapy. These mechanistic observations have led to the realization that free radical biology and cancer biology are two integrally related fields of investigation that can greatly benefit from cross fertilization of theoretical constructs. The current volume of scientific papers was assembled under the heading of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Biology and Therapy in order to stimulate the discussion of how the knowledge gained in the emerging field of oxidative stress in cancer biology can be utilized to more effectively design interventions to enhance therapeutic responses while causing fewer treatment limiting complications. The chapters contained in this volume provide highly informative emerging perspectives on how that selective enhancement of oxidative stress in cancerous tissues can be used as a target for enhancing therapeutic outcomes as well as how selective inhibition of oxidative stress could spare normal tissue damage and inhibit carcinogenesis. In this regard, the book represents an outstanding resource for both basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy.

Author : Mohammed Amr El-Missiry
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535107897

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Antioxidant Enzyme by Mohammed Amr El-Missiry Pdf

Free radicals are constantly formed in living cells and removed by antioxidant defenses. Antioxidant enzymes are the main line of defense against free radicals in animal and plant cells. Uncontrolled generation ROS are involved in a number of human disease states, including diabetes and cancer due to disturbance in cellular and molecular processes including cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. When cells are exposed to oxidative stress a defense system endorses the expression and regulation of number of antioxidant enzymes as a defense mechanism to protect them from the damage induced by free radicals. Based on this fact, the book "Antioxidant Enzymes" was designed to overview the importance of the antioxidant enzymes in human and plant cells against toxic free radicals, their relationship with several pathophysiologic processes and their possible therapeutic application.

Author : Craig Michael Walsh,You-Wen He
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889745753

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Editor’s Pick 2021: Highlights in Cell Death and Survival by Craig Michael Walsh,You-Wen He Pdf

Author : Mirza Hasanuzzaman,Golam Jalal Ahammed,Kamrun Nahar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811650598

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Managing Plant Production Under Changing Environment by Mirza Hasanuzzaman,Golam Jalal Ahammed,Kamrun Nahar Pdf

This comprehensive edited volume collects the most recent information with up-to-date citations, on the decrease in plant productivity under climatic changes and its link with global food security. The book emphasis on the crop management practices and recent advancement in the techniques for mitigating the negative effects of climate induced biotic and abiotic stress. It brings together 19 chapters developed by eminent researchers in the area of plant and environmental sciences. Global climate change is increasingly becoming a concern for future of agriculture. High levels of inorganic and organic pollutants and climatic stress adversely affects the sensitive and complex equation of natural resources and ecosystem services. To meet the increased food demand, plant productivity needs to be enhanced, therefore this book fills in the gap and brings together information on the physiological and molecular approaches for improving crop productivity. The book is resourceful reading material for researchers, faculty members, graduate and post graduate students of plant science, agriculture, agronomy, soil science, botany, Molecular biology and environmental science.

Author : Nirmal K. Ganguly,Surinder K. Jindal,Shyam Biswal,Peter J. Barnes,Ruby Pawankar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781493904976

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Studies on Respiratory Disorders by Nirmal K. Ganguly,Surinder K. Jindal,Shyam Biswal,Peter J. Barnes,Ruby Pawankar Pdf

This volume covers data describing the role of free radicals and antioxidants in respiratory disorders, including the data that deal with clinical and pre-clinical trials. Chapters describe the relationship of oxidative stress to a number of respiratory and pulmonary conditions from a basic science and clinical perspective, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, toxicity and fibrosis, cancer and asbestosis. The book also discusses the use of conventional biomarkers of oxidative stress and breath condensates as adjuncts to classical laboratory testing, the effect of antioxidants on cellular protection, as well as the development of novel antioxidant modalities.

Author : Nianjun Yang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319098340

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Novel Aspects of Diamond by Nianjun Yang Pdf

This book focuses on new research fields of diamond, from its growth to applications. It covers growth of atomically flat diamond films, properties and applications of diamond nanoparticles, diamond nanoparticles based electrodes and their applications for energy storage and conversion (supercapacitors, CO2 conversion etc.). Diamond for biomimetic interface, all electrochemical devices for in vivo detections and photo-electrochemical degradation of environmental hazards are highlighted.

Author : Gaspar Banfalvi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400704282

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Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals by Gaspar Banfalvi Pdf

The term “heavy metals” is used as a group name of toxic metals and metalloids (semimetals) causing contaminations and ecotoxicity. In strict chemical sense the density of heavy metals is higher than 5 g/cm3. From biological point of view as microelements they can be divided into two major groups. a. For their physiological function organisms and cells require essential microelements such as iron, chromium (III), cobalt, copper, manganese, molidenium, zinc. b. The other group of heavy metals is toxic to the health or environment. Of highest concern are the emissions of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl. The toxicity of heavy metals is well known at organizational level, while less attention has been paid to their cellular effects. This book describes the toxicity of heavy metals on microorganisms, yeast, plant and animal cells. Other chapters of the book deal with their genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The toxicity of several metals touch upon the aspects of environmental hazard, ecosystems and human health. Among the cellular responses of heavy metals irregularities in cellular mechanisms such as gene expression, protein folding, stress signaling pathways are among the most important ones. The final chapters deal with biosensors and removal of heavy metals. As everybody is eating, drinking and exposed to heavy metals on a daily basis, the spirit of the book will attract a wide audience.

Author : Emanuele Albano,Maurizio Parola
Publisher : Springer
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319155395

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Studies on Hepatic Disorders by Emanuele Albano,Maurizio Parola Pdf

This volume examines the current state of free radical biology as it impacts on hepatic disorders. It takes a thorough look at the relationship of oxidative stress in acute and chronic disease and takes into account factors like: redox biomarkers; antioxidant defense and protection; cell signaling, mutations; oxidative damage involving lipids, proteins and nucleic acids; membrane trafficking, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in immunological function and toxicology and hypoxia. Studies on Hepatic Disorders, the latest volume in the Oxidative Stress in Basic Research and Clinical Practice series, provides a comprehensive look at liver topics. It is organized into four sections, each one thoroughly covering its topic and consisting of chapters written by recognized field leaders. Section One, covers basic principles including redox signaling, antioxidant defenses, nitric oxide, oxidative mechanisms in senescence and regeneration and the detection of oxidative stress. Section Two, explores Pathophysiology. It ranges from cell damage to fibrogenic response as broken out in chapters on hepatocellular injury, mitochondrial damage, unfolded protein response and autophagy, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and finally, fibrogenesis. Sections Three and Four cover specific diseases and cancer, respectively. Most of the chapters focus on diseases including acute failure, alcoholic disease, viral hepatitis, iron overload, autoimmune disease, Wilson’s disease and more, while the chapters on cancer round out the book.

Author : Riva Touger-Decker,Connie Mobley,Joel B. Epstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781607614906

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Nutrition and Oral Medicine by Riva Touger-Decker,Connie Mobley,Joel B. Epstein Pdf

This second edition addresses the complex, multifaceted relationships between nutrition and oral health, explores proposed relationships between oral, systemic and nutritional well-being and provides insights into interprofessional, comprehensive care for individuals. Chapters focus on diet, nutrition and oral health promotion and disease prevention across the lifespan, oral and dental diseases and disorders, oral manifestations of systemic diseases, and discussions of the synergy between oral tissues and nutrients. Cutting edge research issues regarding the relationship of individual antioxidants, trace elements, polyphenols and other nutrient substrates and oral health/disease, nutrigenomics, screening for nutrition and oral risk and other areas are covered in detail. Editors and authors include experts in nutrition and oral health from around the world. This second edition is a invaluable resource for health professionals in the fields of nutrition and dentistry as well as other disciplines whose research, practice and education includes nutrition and oral medicine. It is an excellent resource for graduate level nutrition and dental students, dental and nutrition practitioners, educators and researchers as well as other health professionals.

Author : Girdhar K. Pandey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1114 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118888926

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Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling under Stress, 2 Volume Set by Girdhar K. Pandey Pdf

Plant hormone signaling plays an important role in many physiological and developmental processes including stress response. With the advent of new post-genomic molecular techniques, the potential for increasing our understanding of the impact of hormone signaling on gene expression and adaptive processes has never been higher. Unlocking the molecular underpinnings of these processes shows great promise for the development of new plant biotechnologies and improved crop varieties. The topics included in this book emphasize on genomics and functional genomics aspects, to understand the global and whole genome level changes upon particular stress conditions. With the functional genomics tools, the mechanism of phytohormone signaling and their target genes can be defined in a more systematic manner. The integrated analysis of phytohormone signaling under single or multiple stress conditions may prove exceptional to design stress tolerant crop plants in the field conditions. Bringing together the latest advances, as well as the work being done to apply these findings to plant and crop science, Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling Under Stress will prove extremely useful to plant and stress biologists, plant biotechnology researchers, as well as students and teachers.

Author : Farid Sadaka
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535112228

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Traumatic Brain Injury by Farid Sadaka Pdf

Traumatic brain injury is a major source of death and severe disability worldwide. This book provides an excellent and detailed overview of the management of patients with traumatic brain injury, in a stepwise approach, from the intensive care unit, through to discharge from the hospital, rehabilitation, recovery and assimilation in family and society. This book also discusses mechanisms of pathophysiology pertaining to traumatic brain injury and provides grounds for future research in traumatic brain injury, especially pertaining to pathophysiology, imaging, neuroprognostication, rehabilitation, recovery, and outcomes.