The Churches And The Third Reich

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The Churches and the Third Reich

Klaus Scholder
The Churches and the Third Reich Book PDF

Author : Klaus Scholder
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781532643231

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The Churches and the Third Reich by Klaus Scholder Pdf

This second volume of The Churches and the Third Reich, the last which the author lived to write, covers the year 1934. This year, which saw the birth of the Confessing Church and the great Synods of Barmen and Dahlem, was the year of disillusionment, in which all the hopes of 1933 were shattered one by one. The gripping narrative of the first volume is continued as in addition to the rise of a legitimate church opposition we see how the German Christians overreached themselves by seeking, without Hitler’s approval and against the law, to set up a Reich Church fully coordinated with the state. Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church was running into increasing difficulties as it tried to cope with the problems left unresolved on the conclusion of the Concordat. Like the first, this volume has many illustrations.

The Third Reich and the Christian Churches

Peter Matheson
The Third Reich and the Christian Churches Book PDF

Author : Peter Matheson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Church and state
ISBN : UOM:49015000777624

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The Third Reich and the Christian Churches by Peter Matheson Pdf

A documentary account of Christian resistance and complicity during the Nazi era.--cover.

The Churches and the Third Reich

Klaus Scholder
The Churches and the Third Reich Book PDF

Author : Klaus Scholder
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 769 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781532643224

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The Churches and the Third Reich by Klaus Scholder Pdf

This monumental, comprehensive, controversial study is the first volume of a definitive history of the churches in Germany between the wars. It is especially significant in that it is based on a great deal of original research into both religious and political sources, and is the first book to work on the presupposition that an accurate picture of the churches in the Third Reich demands that both Protestant and Roman Catholic churches are studied side by side, since it was the rivalry between the churches that in some ways contributed to their downfall. Contrary to what has often been asserted, Professor Scholder argues that Hitler did have a plan for the churches over a long period. Crucial to that plan on the Catholic side was his desire for a concordat parallel to that achieved by Mussolini, keeping the clergy out of politics, which the Vatican was over-hasty to meet; it was the attempt to treat the Protestant churches in a similar way to the Catholic church, which led to the difficulties that ended in the church struggle. There is also a realistic analysis of the Jewish question, documenting the churches’ failure in this area with severity and scholarly rigor. The first part covers developments up to Hitler’s seizure of power; the second is devoted to the year 1933, during which all the major issues were in fact decided.

The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945

John S. Conway
The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933 1945 Book PDF

Author : John S. Conway
Publisher : Regent College Publishing
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : History
ISBN : 1573830801

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The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945 by John S. Conway Pdf

Conway presents a landmark text on the history of German churches during the Nazi era.

Complicity in the Holocaust

Robert P. Ericksen
Complicity in the Holocaust Book PDF

Author : Robert P. Ericksen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107015913

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Complicity in the Holocaust by Robert P. Ericksen Pdf

In one of the darker aspects of Nazi Germany, churches and universities - generally respected institutions - grew to accept and support Nazi ideology. Complicity in the Holocaust describes how the state's intellectual and spiritual leaders enthusiastically partnered with Hitler's regime, becoming active participants in the persecution of Jews, effectively giving Germans permission to participate in the Nazi regime. Ericksen also examines Germany's deeply flawed yet successful postwar policy of denazification in these institutions.

The Third Reich and the Christian Churches

Peter Matheson
The Third Reich and the Christian Churches Book PDF

Author : Peter Matheson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Church and state
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081361631

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The Third Reich and the Christian Churches by Peter Matheson Pdf

A documentary account of Christian resistance and complicity during the Nazi era.--cover.

Twisted Cross

Doris L. Bergen
Twisted Cross Book PDF

Author : Doris L. Bergen
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807860342

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Twisted Cross by Doris L. Bergen Pdf

How did Germany's Christians respond to Nazism? In Twisted Cross, Doris Bergen addresses one important element of this response by focusing on the 600,000 self-described 'German Christians,' who sought to expunge all Jewish elements from the Christian church. In a process that became more daring as Nazi plans for genocide unfolded, this group of Protestant lay people and clergy rejected the Old Testament, ousted people defined as non-Aryans from their congregations, denied the Jewish ancestry of Jesus, and removed Hebrew words like 'Hallelujah' from hymns. Bergen refutes the notion that the German Christians were a marginal group and demonstrates that members occupied key positions within the Protestant church even after their agenda was rejected by the Nazi leadership. Extending her analysis into the postwar period, Bergen shows how the German Christians were relatively easily reincorporated into mainstream church life after 1945. Throughout Twisted Cross, Bergen reveals the important role played by women and by the ideology of spiritual motherhood amid the German Christians' glorification of a 'manly' church.

Conflicts, Compromises and Mutual Self-interest - how the Nazis and the Catholic and Protestant Churches Dealt with Each Other During the Third Reich

Sebastian Dregger
Conflicts Compromises and Mutual Self interest how the Nazis and the Catholic and Protestant Churches Dealt with Each Other During the Third Reich Book PDF

Author : Sebastian Dregger
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640131181

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Conflicts, Compromises and Mutual Self-interest - how the Nazis and the Catholic and Protestant Churches Dealt with Each Other During the Third Reich by Sebastian Dregger Pdf

Essay from the year 2008 in the subject History Europe - Germany - National Socialism, World War II, grade: 71 = A, Oxford Brookes University, course: The Nazi Dictatorship, 1933-1945, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Free from any apologetic or debunking fuss, the essay depicts the complex relationship between the Nazi state and the Catholic and Protestant Churches during the Third Reich. Focussing on three major areas of conflict between the Churches and the Nazis(sychronization ('Gleichschaltung'), the Nazis' anti-church policies, the churches and euthanasia) the essay's argument is that a pragmatic approach by both Churches and the Nazis based on the preservation of mutual self-interest is the key to understand their dealing with each other in each individual case of conflict. In a second part, the essays seeks to explain why both protagonists preferred a pragmatic instead of a more radical and uncompromising approach to each other, stating that three factors are accountable for this: First, mutually shared political views based on anti-liberalism and anti-Marxism; second, a tremendous mispercerption of the regime's nature by both churches; third, the limits of anti-church policies among a population still being deeply Christianized.

Houses on the Sand?

James Irvin Lichti
Houses on the Sand Book PDF

Author : James Irvin Lichti
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 0820467316

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Houses on the Sand? by James Irvin Lichti Pdf

"Under Hitler, Germany's state-linked provincial churches functioned as seedbeds of nationalism. A smaller and independent church form - the "free church" or denomination - offered greater promise of nonconformity. Linked by pacifist traditions, German Mennonites, Seventh-day Adventists, and Quakers promoted a range of liberal principles: empowerment of the individual conscience, respect for confessional diversity, and separation of church and state. Nonetheless, two of these denominations used these same principles to defend and even embrace the Nazi regime. This book examines what makes Christian communities - when meeting the harsh challenges of modernity - viable entities of faith or hollow forms."--BOOK JACKET.

A Church Divided

Matthew D. Hockenos
A Church Divided Book PDF

Author : Matthew D. Hockenos
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 0253110319

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A Church Divided by Matthew D. Hockenos Pdf

This book closely examines the turmoil in the German Protestant churches in the immediate postwar years as they attempted to come to terms with the recent past. Reeling from the impact of war, the churches addressed the consequences of cooperation with the regime and the treatment of Jews. In Germany, the Protestant Church consisted of 28 autonomous regional churches. During the Nazi years, these churches formed into various alliances. One group, the German Christian Church, openly aligned itself with the Nazis. The rest were cautiously opposed to the regime or tried to remain noncommittal. The internal debates, however, involved every group and centered on issues of belief that were important to all. Important theologians such as Karl Barth were instrumental in pressing these issues forward. While not an exhaustive study of Protestantism during the Nazi years, A Church Divided breaks new ground in the discussion of responsibility, guilt, and the Nazi past.

Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity

Richard Bonney
Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity Book PDF

Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 3039119044

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Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity by Richard Bonney Pdf

Contemporaries and historians have found it difficult to interpret the ambiguous relationship between National Socialism and Christianity. Both the Catholic and Protestant Churches tended to agree with National Socialists in their authoritarianism, their attacks on socialism and communism, and their campaign against the Versailles Treaty; but the doctrinal position of the Churches could not be reconciled with the principle of racism, a foreign policy of unlimited aggressive warfare, or a domestic agenda involving the complete subservience of Church to State. Important sections of the Nazi Party sought the complete extirpation of Christianity and its substitution by a purely racial religion, but considerations of expediency made it impossible for the National Socialist leadership to adopt this radical anti-Christian stance as official policy. The Kulturkampf Newsletters, which have not appeared in English since the 1930s, were produced by German Catholic exiles in France. They scrupulously document the tensions between various strands of Nazi policy, and the nature of the policy eventually adopted: this was to reduce the Churches' influence in all areas of public life through the use of every available means, yet without provoking the difficulties - diplomatic as well as domestic - which an openly declared war of extermination might have caused.

The Church Confronts the Nazis

Hubert G. Locke
The Church Confronts the Nazis Book PDF

Author : Hubert G. Locke
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : History
ISBN : 0889467625

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The Church Confronts the Nazis by Hubert G. Locke Pdf

A collection of working papers published in preparation for the American conference at Seattle observing the 50th anniversary of the Barmen Declaration. In the paper by J.S. Conway, the struggle between the churches and the Third Reich is detailed. The author argues that the Barmen Declaration was not intended as a political protest against the Hitler state, but only the nazified Church, that the Confessing Church was never really the spearhead of resistance to the tyranny that engulfed Germany, that the Roman Catholic Church was essentially neutralized and that the churchgoing population did not realize the implications of Nazism until it was too late.

The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-45

John S. Conway
The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933 45 Book PDF

Author : John S. Conway
Publisher : London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Political Science
ISBN : PSU:000032840025

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The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-45 by John S. Conway Pdf

First published in 1968, and subsequently translated into German, French, and Spanish, The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-1945 has become a landmark text on the history of the German churches during the Nazi era. Based on a careful examination of documents dealing with church affairs from the Nazi archives that survived the collapse of the Third Reich, J.S. Conway gives the reader a detailed account of the methods by which Hitler and his followers sought to deal with the Christian churches in the 1930s and the 1940s. - Back cover.

The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany

Guenter Lewy
The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany Book PDF

Author : Guenter Lewy
Publisher : Da Capo Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2000-02-04
Category : History
ISBN : 0306809311

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The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany by Guenter Lewy Pdf

”The subject matter of this book is controversial,” Guenter Lewy states plainly in his preface. To show the German Catholic Church's congeniality with some of the goals of National Socialism and its gradual entrapment in Nazi policies and programs, Lewy describes the episcopate's support of Hitler's expansionist policies and its failures to speak out on the persecution of the Jews. To this tragic history Lewy brings new focus and research, illuminating one of the darkest corners of our century with scholarship and intellectual honesty in a riveting, and often painful, narrative.

Hitler's Religion

Richard Weikart
Hitler s Religion Book PDF

Author : Richard Weikart
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-22
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781621575511

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Hitler's Religion by Richard Weikart Pdf

A book to challenge the status quo, spark a debate, and get people talking about the issues and questions we face as a country!