The Concept Of Argument

Author : Harald R. Wohlrapp
Publisher : Springer
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401787628

Get Book

The Concept of Argument by Harald R. Wohlrapp Pdf

Arguing that our attachment to Aristotelian modes of discourse makes a revision of their conceptual foundations long overdue, the author proposes the consideration of unacknowledged factors that play a central role in argument itself. These are in particular the subjective imprint and the dynamics of argumentation. Their inclusion in a four-dimensional framework (subjective-objective, structural-procedural) and the focus on thesis validity allow for a more realistic view of our discourse practice. Exhaustive analyses of fascinating historical and contemporary arguments are provided. These range from Columbus’s advocacy of the Western Passage to India, over the trial of King Louis XVI during the French Revolution, to today’s highly charged controversies surrounding euthanasia and embryo research. Excavating foundational issues such as the purpose of argument itself (assent of an audience or critical examination of validity claims) and the contested role of argument as a generator of knowledge, the book culminates in a discussion of the relationship between rationality and reasonableness and criticizes the restrictions of ‘rational’ argument relying on fixed logical, economic or cultural criteria that in reality are mutable. Here, a true, open argument requires the infusion of Paul Lorenzen’s principle of ‘transsubjectivity’, which recognizes but transcends the partiality of the individual and which can be seen in the pragmatic and expanding consensus that humanity can control itself to safeguard the future of a fragile, damaged world.

Author : F. H. van Eemeren
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 905356523X

Get Book

Crucial Concepts in Argumentation Theory by F. H. van Eemeren Pdf

Crucial Concepts in Argumentation Theory is a collection of essays that discuss a series of important issues in the study of argumentation. The essays describe the concepts that are crucial to argumentational research and the various ways these concepts have been approached. The essays explore such issues as points of view, unexpressed premises, argument schemes, argumentation structures, fallacies, argument interpretation and reconstruction, and argumentation in law. Each of the essays provides interested readers with an overview of the literature that can serve as a point of departure for further study.

Author : Christopher W. Tindale
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1999-11-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0791443876

Get Book

Acts of Arguing by Christopher W. Tindale Pdf

Approaches recent innovations in argumentation theory from a primarily rhetorical perspective.

Author : Maurice A. Finocchiaro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2005-07-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521853273

Get Book

Arguments about Arguments by Maurice A. Finocchiaro Pdf

This book brings together essays by one of the pre-eminent scholars of informal logic.

Author : James B. Freeman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-03-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400703575

Get Book

Argument Structure: by James B. Freeman Pdf

This monograph first presents a method of diagramming argument macrostructure, synthesizing the standard circle and arrow approach with the Toulmin model. A theoretical justification of this method through a dialectical understanding of argument, a critical examination of Toulmin on warrants, a thorough discussion of the linked-convergent distinction, and an account of the proper reconstruction of enthymemes follows.

Author : Martin Hinton
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030616946

Get Book

Evaluating the Language of Argument by Martin Hinton Pdf

This book is concerned with the evaluation of natural argumentative discourse, and, in particular, with the language in which arguments are expressed. It introduces a systematic procedure for the analysis and assessment of arguments, which is designed to be a practical tool, and may be considered a pseudo-algorithm for argument evaluation. The first half of the book lays the theoretical groundwork, with a thorough examination of both the nature of language and the nature of argument. This leads to a definition of argumentation as reasoning expressed within a procedure, which itself yields the three frames of analysis used in the evaluation procedure: Process, Reasoning, and Expression. The second half begins with a detailed discussion of the concept of fallacy, with particular attention on fallacies of language, their origin and their effects. A new way of looking at fallacies emerges from these chapters, and it is that conception, together with the understanding of the nature of argumentation described in earlier sections, which ultimately provides the support for the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation. The first two levels of this innovative procedure are outlined, while the third, that dealing with language, and involving the development of an Informal Argument Semantics, is fully described. The use of the system, and its power of analysis, are illustrated through the evaluation of a variety of examples of argumentative texts.

Author : Richard L Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781938421068

Get Book

The Fundamentals of Argument Analysis by Richard L Epstein Pdf

This series of books presents the fundamentals of logic in a style accessible to both students and scholars. The text of each essay presents a story, the main line of development of the ideas, while the notes and appendices place the research within a larger scholarly context. The essays overlap, forming a unified analysis of logic as the art of reasoning well, yet each essay is designed so that it may be read independently. The question addressed in this volume is how we can justify our beliefs through reasoning. The first essay, "Arguments," investigates what it is that we call true or false and how we reason toward truths through arguments. A general theory of argument analysis is set out on the basis of what we can assume about those with whom we reason. The next essay, "Fallacies," explains how the classification of an argument as a fallacy can be used within that general approach. In contrast, there is no agreement on what the terms "induction" and "deduction" mean, and they are not useful in evaluating arguments, as shown in "Induction and Deduction." In reasoning to truths, in the end we must take some claims as basic, not requiring any justification for accepting them. How we choose those claims and how they affect our reasoning is examined in "Base Claims." The essay "Analogies" considers how comparisons can be used as the basis of arguments, arguing from similar situations to similar conclusions. An important use of analogies is in reasoning about the mental life of other people and things, which is examined in "Subjective Claims," written with Fred Kroon and William S. Robinson. "Generalizing" examines how to argue from part of a collection or mass to the whole or a larger part. The question there is whether we are ever justified in accepting such an argument as good. "Probabilities" sets out the three main ways probability statements have been interpreted: the logical relation view, the frequency view, and the subjective degree of belief view. Each of those is shown to be inadequate to make precise the scale of plausibility of claims and the scale of the likelihood of a possibility. Many discussions of how to reason well and what counts as good reason are given in terms of who or what is rational. In the final essay, "Rationality," it's shown that what we mean by the idea of someone being rational is of very little use in evaluating reasoning or actions. This volume is meant to give a clearer idea of how to reason well, setting out methods of evaluation that are motivated in terms of our abilities and interests. At the ground of our reasoning, though, are metaphysical assumptions, too basic and too much needed in our reasoning for us to justify them through reasoning. But we can try to uncover those assumptions to see how they are important and what depends on them.

Author : Frans H. van Eemeren,Bart Garssen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030283674

Get Book

From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild by Frans H. van Eemeren,Bart Garssen Pdf

This volume comprises a selection of contributions to the theorizing about argumentation that have been presented at the 9th conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation (ISSA), held in Amsterdam in July 2018. The chapters included provide a general theoretical perspective on central topics in argumentation theory, such as argument schemes and the fallacies. Some contributions concentrate on the treatment of the concept of conductive argument. Other contributions are dedicated to specific issues such as the justification of questions, the occurrence of mining relations, the role of exclamatives, argumentative abduction, eudaimonistic argumentation and a typology of logical ways to counter an argument. In a number of cases the theoretical problems addressed are related to a specific type of context, such as the burden of proof in philosophical argumentation, the charge of committing a genetic fallacy in strategic manoeuvring in philosophy, the necessity of community argument, and connection adequacy for arguments with institutional warrants. The volume offers a great deal of diversity in its breadth of coverage of argumentation theory and wide geographic representation from North and South America to Europe and China.

Author : James B. Freeman
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3110133903

Get Book

Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments by James B. Freeman Pdf

Author : Joe Y. F. Lau
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118033432

Get Book

An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity by Joe Y. F. Lau Pdf

A valuable guide on creativity and critical thinking to improve reasoning and decision-making skills Critical thinking skills are essential in virtually any field of study or practice where individuals need to communicate ideas, make decisions, and analyze and solve problems. An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity: Think More, Think Better outlines the necessary tools for readers to become critical as well as creative thinkers. By gaining a practical and solid foundation in the basic principles that underlie critical thinking and creativity, readers will become equipped to think in a more systematic, logical, and imaginative manner. Creativity is needed to generate new ideas to solve problems, and critical thinking evaluates and improves an idea. These concepts are uniquely introduced as a unified whole due to their dependence on each other. Each chapter introduces relevant theories in conjunction with real-life examples and findings from cognitive science and psychology to illustrate how the theories can be applied in numerous fields and careers. An emphasis on how theoretical principles of reasoning can be practical and useful in everyday life is featured, and special sections on presentation techniques, the analysis of meaning, decision-making, and reasoning about personal and moral values are also highlighted. All chapters conclude with a set of exercises, and detailed solutions are provided at the end of the book. A companion website features online tutorials that further explore topics including meaning analysis, argument analysis, logic, statistics, and strategic thinking, along with additional exercises and multimedia resources for continued study. An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity is an excellent book for courses on critical thinking and logic at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a self-contained study guide for readers interested in the topics of critical thinking and creativity as a unified whole.

Author : Jerome E. Bickenbach,Jacqueline M. Davies
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1996-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1551110598

Get Book

Good Reasons for Better Arguments by Jerome E. Bickenbach,Jacqueline M. Davies Pdf

This text introduces university students to the philosophical ethos of critical thinking, as well as to the essential skills required to practice it. The authors believe that Critical Thinking should engage students with issues of broader philosophical interest while they develop their skills in reasoning and argumentation. The text is informed throughout by philosophical theory concerning argument and communication—from Aristotle’s recognition of the importance of evaluating argument in terms of its purpose to Habermas’s developing of the concept of communicative rationality. The authors’ treatment of the topic is also sensitive to the importance of language and of situation in shaping arguments, and to the necessity in argument of some interplay between reason and emotion. Unlike many other texts in this area, then, Good Reasons for Better Arguments helps to explain both why argument is important and how the social role of argument plays an important part in determining what counts as a good argument. If this text is distinctive in the extent to which it deals with the theory and the values of critical thinking, it is also noteworthy for the thorough grounding it provides in the skills of deductive and inductive reasoning; the authors present the reader with useful tools for the interpretation, evaluation and construction of arguments. A particular feature is the inclusion of a wide range of exercises, rich with examples that illuminate the practice of argument for the student. Many of the exercises are self testing, with answers provided at the back of the text; others are appropriate for in-class discussion and assignments. Challenging yet accessible, Good Reasons for Better Arguments brings a fresh perspective to an essential subject.

Author : Christopher W. Tindale
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004-05-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781452238326

Get Book

Rhetorical Argumentation by Christopher W. Tindale Pdf

The study of argumentation has primarily focused on logical and dialectical approaches, with minimal attention given to the rhetorical facets of argument. Rhetorical Argumentation: Principles of Theory and Practice approaches argumentation from a rhetorical point of view and demonstrates how logical and dialectical considerations depend on the rhetorical features of the argumentative situation. Throughout this text, author Christopher W. Tindale identifies how argumentation as a communicative practice can best be understood by its rhetorical features.

Author : Christopher W. Tindale
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781107101111

Get Book

The Philosophy of Argument and Audience Reception by Christopher W. Tindale Pdf

This book approaches the topic of argumentation from the perspective of audiences, rather than the perspective of arguers or arguments.

Author : Mark Vorobej
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139455008

Get Book

A Theory of Argument by Mark Vorobej Pdf

A Theory of Argument is an advanced textbook intended for students in philosophy, communications studies and linguistics who have completed at least one course in argumentation theory, information logic, critical thinking or formal logic. Containing nearly 400 exercises, Mark Vorobej develops a novel approach to argument interpretation and evaluation. One of the key themes of the book is that we cannot succeed in distinguishing good argument from bad arguments until we learn to listen carefully to others. Part I develops a relativistic account of argument cogency that allows for rational disagreement. Part II offers a comprehensive and rigorous account of argument diagramming. Hybrid arguments are contrasted with linked and convergent arguments, and a novel technique is introduced for graphically recording disagreements with authorial claims.

Author : Trudy Govier
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110859249

Get Book

Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation by Trudy Govier Pdf

No detailed description available for "Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation".