The Construction Of Cognitive Maps

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The Construction of Cognitive Maps

Juval Portugali
The Construction of Cognitive Maps Book PDF

Author : Juval Portugali
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780585334851

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The Construction of Cognitive Maps by Juval Portugali Pdf

and processes which are exclusive to humans in their encoding, storing, decoding and retrieving spatial knowledge for various tasks. The authors present and discuss connectionist models of cognitive maps which are based on local representation, versus models which are based on distributed representation, as well as connectionist models concerning language and spatial relations. As is well known, Gibson's (1979) ecological approach suggests a view on cognition which is diametrically different from the classical main stream view: perception (and thus cognition) is direct, immediate and needs no internal information processing, and is thus essentially an external process of interaction between an organism and its external environment. The chapter by Harry Heft introduces J. J. Gibson's ecological approach and its implication to the construction of cognitive maps in general and to the issue of wayfinding in particular. According to Heft, main stream cognitive sciences are essentially Cartesian in nature and have not as yet internalized the implications of Darwin's theory of evolution. Gibson, in his ecological approach, has tried to do exactly this. The author introduces the basic terminology of the ecological approach and relates its various notions, in particular optic flow, nested hierarchy and affordances, to navigation and the way routes and places in the environment are learned.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Michael Glykas
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Book PDF

Author : Michael Glykas
Publisher : Springer
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642032202

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps by Michael Glykas Pdf

This important edited volume is the first such book ever published on fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs). Professor Michael Glykas has done an exceptional job in bringing together and editing its seventeen chapters. The volume appears nearly a quarter century after my original article “Fuzzy Cognitive Maps” appeared in the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies in 1986. The volume accordingly reflects many years of research effort in the development of FCM theory and applications—and portends many more decades of FCM research and applications to come. FCMs are fuzzy feedback models of causality. They combine aspects of fuzzy logic, neural networks, semantic networks, expert systems, and nonlinear dynamical systems. That rich structure endows FCMs with their own complexity and lets them apply to a wide range of problems in engineering and in the soft and hard sciences. Their partial edge connections allow a user to directly represent causality as a matter of degree and to learn new edge strengths from training data. Their directed graph structure allows forward or what-if inferencing. FCM cycles or feedback paths allow for complex nonlinear dynamics. Control of FCM nonlinear dynamics can in many cases let the user encode and decode concept patterns as fixed-point attractors or limit cycles or perhaps as more exotic dynamical equilibria. These global equilibrium patterns are often “hidden” in the nonlinear dynamics. The user will not likely see these global patterns by simply inspecting the local causal edges or nodes of large FCMs.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy,Florentin Smarandache
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Book PDF

Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy,Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781931233767

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy,Florentin Smarandache Pdf

In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy (the philosophy of neutralities, introduced by FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE), and its connected logic Neutrosophic Logic, which is a further generalization of the theory of Fuzzy Logic. In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps are generalizations of FCMs, and their unique feature is the ability to handle indeterminacy in relations between two concepts thereby bringing greater sensitivity into the results. Some of the varied applications of FCMs and NCMs which has been explained by us, in this book, include: modeling of supervisory systems; design of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in intimate technology such as office plants; analysis of business performance assessment; formalism debate and legal rules; creating metabolic and regulatory network models; traffic and transportation problems; medical diagnostics; simulation of strategic planning process in intelligent systems; specific language impairment; web-mining inference application; child labor problem; industrial relations: between employer and employee, maximizing production and profit; decision support in intelligent intrusion detection system; hyper-knowledge representation in strategy formation; female infanticide; depression in terminally ill patients and finally, in the theory of community mobilization and women empowerment relative to the AIDS epidemic.

Beyond the Cognitive Map

A. David Redish
Beyond the Cognitive Map Book PDF

Author : A. David Redish
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Animal navigation
ISBN : 0262181940

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Beyond the Cognitive Map by A. David Redish Pdf

There are currently two major theories about the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive structure in the back of the temporal lobe. One says that it stores a cognitive map, the other that it is a key locus for the temporary storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish takes the approach that understanding the role of the hippocampus in space will make it possible to address its role in less easily quantifiable areas such as memory. Basing his investigation on the study of rodent navigation--one of the primary domains for understanding information processing in the brain--he places the hippocampus in its anatomical context as part of a greater functional system. Redish draws on the extensive experimental and theoretical work of the last 100 years to paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation. His presentation encompasses multiple levels of analysis, from single-unit recording results to behavioral tasks to computational modeling. From this foundation, he proposes a novel understanding of the role of the hippocampus in rodents that can shed light on the role of the hippocampus in primates, explaining data from primate studies and human neurology. The book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists and psychologists, but also to researchers in computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.

Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate

Xinhai Lu,Zuo Zhang,Weisheng Lu,Yi Peng
Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate Book PDF

Author : Xinhai Lu,Zuo Zhang,Weisheng Lu,Yi Peng
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1524 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811635878

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Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate by Xinhai Lu,Zuo Zhang,Weisheng Lu,Yi Peng Pdf

This proceedings book focuses on innovation, cooperation, and sustainable development in the fields of construction management and real estate. The book provides a detailed analysis and description of the disciplinary frontiers in the field of building management and real estate and how they can be promoted in the context of the epidemic. A wide variety of papers provide a reference value for both scholars and practitioners. The proceedings book is the documentation of “the 25th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate” (CRIOCM 2020), which was held at the School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China, in 2020.

Wayfinding Behavior

Reginald G. Golledge
Wayfinding Behavior Book PDF

Author : Reginald G. Golledge
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781421402895

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Wayfinding Behavior by Reginald G. Golledge Pdf

"The more we know,concludes volume editor Reginald Golledge, "about how humans or other species can navigate, wayfind, sense, record and use spatial information, the more effective will be the building of future guidance systems, and the more natural it will be for human beings to understand and control those systems."

Behavior and Environment

T. Garling,R.G. Golledge
Behavior and Environment Book PDF

Author : T. Garling,R.G. Golledge
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1993-01-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080867502

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Behavior and Environment by T. Garling,R.G. Golledge Pdf

Active researchers in the areas of geography and psychology have contributed to this book. Both fields are capable of increasing our scientific knowledge of how human behavior is interfaced with the molar physical environment. Such knowledge is essential for the solution of many of today's most urgent environmental problems. Failure to constrain use of scarce resources, pollution due to human activities, creation of technological hazards and deteriorating urban quality due to vandalism and crime are all well known examples. The influence of psychology in geographical research has long been appreciated but it is only recently that psychologists have recognized they have something to learn from geography. In identifying the importance of two-way interdisciplinary communication, a psychologist and a geographer have been invited to each write a chapter in this book on a designated topic so that close comparisons can be drawn as to how the two disciplines approach the same difficulties. Since the disciplines are to some extent complementary, it is hoped that this close collaboration will have synergistic effects on the attempts of both to find solutions to environmental problems through an increased understanding of the many behavior-environment interfaces.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

László T. Kóczy
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Book PDF

Author : László T. Kóczy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031379598

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps by László T. Kóczy Pdf

This book is considered as a monograph but also as a potential textbook for graduate students, focusing on the application of FCMs for modelling and analysing the behaviour of multicomponent systems. In the last two decades, no monograph or textbook has been published on the topic Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM), so this new book is definitely filling a gap in the literature of computational intelligence. The book is built up didactically, the novel results in the field being presented in the way of starting with two real-life case studies, one in the area of waste management, while the other one in modelling bank management systems. In both cases, the book starts with explaining the applied problem and then presenting how the model construction is done and what problems emerge when attempts are made for applying directly earlier results on FCM modelling. In the first case study, the problem of the oversimplification leads to inadequacy of the model, and then it is shown how new, much finer models can be built up based on expert domain knowledge. Then, the new problem of losing transparency and interpretability emerges, and as a solution, a new algorithm family is proposed that reduces FCMs to fewer components, while preserving the essential characteristics of the original model. The second case study raises the problems of stability and sensitivity of FCMs, especially, considering that expert knowledge is often uncertain and subjective. The new results summarised in the book target the questions of how to ascertain whether an FCM is converging to one or several fixed point attractors, whether there is a bifurcation when parameters are changing, etc. Both problems deal with the ultimate question whether the system modelled is stable and sustainable.

Cognitive Mapping

Scott Freundschuh,NATIONAL UNIV OF IRELAND
Cognitive Mapping Book PDF

Author : Scott Freundschuh,NATIONAL UNIV OF IRELAND
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781317798071

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Cognitive Mapping by Scott Freundschuh,NATIONAL UNIV OF IRELAND Pdf

This important work brings together international academics from a variety of disciplines to explore the topic of spatial cognition on a 'geographic' scale. It provides an overview of the historical origins of the subject, a description of current debates and suggests directions for future research.

The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination

Anna Abraham
The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination Book PDF

Author : Anna Abraham
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 865 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781108429245

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The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination by Anna Abraham Pdf

The human imagination manifests in countless different forms. We imagine the possible and the impossible. How do we do this so effortlessly? Why did the capacity for imagination evolve and manifest with undeniably manifold complexity uniquely in human beings? This handbook reflects on such questions by collecting perspectives on imagination from leading experts. It showcases a rich and detailed analysis on how the imagination is understood across several disciplines of study, including anthropology, archaeology, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. An integrated theoretical-empirical-applied picture of the field is presented, which stands to inform researchers, students, and practitioners about the issues of relevance across the board when considering the imagination. With each chapter, the nature of human imagination is examined - what it entails, how it evolved, and why it singularly defines us as a species.

Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography

Daniel R. Montello
Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography Book PDF

Author : Daniel R. Montello
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781784717544

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Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography by Daniel R. Montello Pdf

This comprehensive Handbook summarizes existing work and presents new concepts and empirical results from leading scholars in the multidisciplinary field of behavioral and cognitive geography, the study of the human mind, and activity in and concerning space, place, and environment. It provides the broadest and most inclusive coverage of the field so far, including work relevant to human geography, cartography, and geographic information science.

Urban Cognition

Tommy Gärling
Urban Cognition Book PDF

Author : Tommy Gärling
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Psychology
ISBN : IND:30000050905524

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Urban Cognition by Tommy Gärling Pdf

Consists of papers previously published in the Journal of environmental psychology.

Children and the Environment

Irwin Altman
Children and the Environment Book PDF

Author : Irwin Altman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781468434057

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Children and the Environment by Irwin Altman Pdf

In the first two volumes of the series we elected to cover a broad spectrum of topics in the environment and behavior field, ranging from theoretical to applied, and including disciplinary, interdiscipli nary, and professionally related topics. Chapters in these earlier vol umes dealt with leisure and recreation, the elderly, personal space, aesthetics, energy, behavioral approaches to environmental problems, methodological issues, social indicators, industrial settings, and the like. Chapters were written by psychologists, sociologists, geogra phers, and other social scientists, and by authors from professional design fields such as urban planning, operations research, landscape architecture, and so on. Our goal in these first two volumes was to present a sampling of areas in the emerging environment and behavior field and to give readers some insight into the diversity of research and theoretical perspectives that characterize the field. Beginning with the present volume, our efforts will be directed at a series of thematic volumes. The present collection of chapters is focused on children and the environment, and, as much as possible, we invited contributions that reflect a variety of theoretical and em pirical perspectives on this topic. The next volume in the series, now in preparation, will address the area of "culture and the environment. " Suggestions for possible future topics are welcome. Irwin Altman Joachim F.

A New Neutrosophic Cognitive Map with Neutrosophic Sets on Connections, Application in Project Management

Salah Hasan Saleh Al-Subhi,Iliana Pérez Pupo,Roberto García Vacacela,Pedro Y. Piñero Pérez,Maikel Y Leyva Vázquez
A New Neutrosophic Cognitive Map with Neutrosophic Sets on Connections Application in Project Management Book PDF

Author : Salah Hasan Saleh Al-Subhi,Iliana Pérez Pupo,Roberto García Vacacela,Pedro Y. Piñero Pérez,Maikel Y Leyva Vázquez
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A New Neutrosophic Cognitive Map with Neutrosophic Sets on Connections, Application in Project Management by Salah Hasan Saleh Al-Subhi,Iliana Pérez Pupo,Roberto García Vacacela,Pedro Y. Piñero Pérez,Maikel Y Leyva Vázquez Pdf

This paper suggests a new decision-making model based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs) for making comprehensive decisions from a multi-objective approach (diagnosis, decisions, and prediction) during the execution of many projects simultaneously.

Image and Environment

Roger M. Downs,David Stea
Image and Environment Book PDF

Author : Roger M. Downs,David Stea
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780202366722

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Image and Environment by Roger M. Downs,David Stea Pdf

Cognitive mapping is a construct that encompasses those processes that enable people to acquire, code, store, recall, and manipulate information about the nature of their spatial environment. It refers to the attributes and relative locations of people and objects in the environment, and is an essential component in the adaptive process of spatial decision-making--such as finding a safe and quick route to from work, locating potential sites for a new house or business, and deciding where to travel on a vacation trip. Cognitive processes are not constant, but undergo change with age or development and use or learning. Image and Environment, now in paperback, is a pioneer study. It brings a new academic discipline to a wide audience. The volume is divided into six sections, which represent a comprehensive breakdown of cognitive mapping studies: "Theory"; "Cognitive Representations"; "Spatial Preferences"; "The Development of Spatial Cognition"; "Geographical and Spatial Orientation"; and "Cognitive Distance." Contributors include Edward Tolman, James Blaut, Stephen Kaplan, Terence Lee, Donald Appleyard, Peter Orleans, Thomas Saarinen, Kevin Cox, Georgia Zannaras, Peter Gould, Roger Hart, Gary Moore, Donald Griffin, Kevin Lynch, Ulf Lundberg, Ronald Lowrey, and Ronald Briggs. Roger M. Downs is head of the Department of Geography at Pennsylvania State University. He received his Ph.D. in geography from the University of Bristol in 1970 and has also taught geography and environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University. David Stea is professor of geography and planning at Southwest Texas State University and Enrique A. Aragon Distinguished Professor at Universidad Nacional Aut¾noma de MÚxico. He received his Ph.D. in psychology from Stanford University in 1964 and has also taught at the U.S. International University, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, UCLA, Clark University, Brown University, and Stanford University. Kenneth E. Boulding (1910-1993) was an internationally known economist. He was the author of several works, including Beasts, Ballads, and Bouldingisms, and the editor of Peace and the War Industry, both available from Transaction.