The Context Of Redd In The Lao People S Democratic Republic Drivers Agents And Institutions

Author : Guillaume Lestrelin,Michael Trockenbrodt,Khamla Phanvilay,Sithong Thongmanivong,Thoumthone Vongvisouk,Pham Thu Thuy,Jean-Christophe Castella
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : 9786021504123

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The context of REDD+ in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Drivers, agents and institutions by Guillaume Lestrelin,Michael Trockenbrodt,Khamla Phanvilay,Sithong Thongmanivong,Thoumthone Vongvisouk,Pham Thu Thuy,Jean-Christophe Castella Pdf

This report explores the drivers (both direct and indirect) of deforestation and forest degradation and discusses the political, economic and social opportunities and constraints that will influence the design and implementation of REDD+ in Laos. The government of Laos has long sought to curb deforestation and forest degradation, and the country is receiving considerable international attention and support to implement REDD+. However, agricultural expansion, the development of industrial tree plantations, and large hydropower, mining and infrastructure projects continue to result in deforestation, with shifting cultivation and selective logging (legal and illegal) largely blamed for forest degradation. At the same time, indirect drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are rooted in a national agenda of economic growth, characterized by incentives for foreign and domestic investment in forest management and timber harvesting. As a result, Laos is becoming an important resource frontier for transnational capital and large-scale land and natural resource investments. The consequent intensification of competition for resources poses a challenge not only for forest governance, but also for the development of REDD+ policies and initiatives. In an examination of the institutions and policies defining Laos’ forestry sector and REDD+, the report reflects on lessons to be learned from past forestry and economic development policies. The government of Laos has demonstrated strong political interest in REDD+, but REDD+ implementation faces major obstacles, particularly unclear carbon rights and weak governance, with the latter attributable to poor local capacity, weak coordination among stakeholders, and minimal involvement by local communities and civil society. The report makes several recommendations for achieving effective, efficient and equitable outcomes of REDD+ in Laos: capacity building of administrative and technical staff, especially at the subnational level; clarification and harmonization of land-use planning and land allocation processes; and stronger monitoring and law enforcement in areas under high threat of deforestation and forest degradation. Furthermore, an accountable and transparent mechanism for sharing the benefits of REDD+ across levels and fully accountable consultation processes must be implemented, with the participation of not only elite and powerful actors such as domestic and foreign businesses but also local groups and civil society.

Author : Kengoum, F.,Pham, T.T.,Moeliono, M.,Dwisatrio, B.,Sonwa, D.J.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871377

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The context of REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Kengoum, F.,Pham, T.T.,Moeliono, M.,Dwisatrio, B.,Sonwa, D.J. Pdf

DRC has committed to reduce its emissions effectively, efficiently, and equitably from deforestation and degradation (REDD+). The country experiences complex relationships between drivers, agents, and institutions of deforestation nationally. The REDD+ policy arena is influenced by both governmental and non-governmental actors whose number have increased in the policy arena over the years; however, weak coordination among these actors remains an issue. Since 2009, the DRC has announced several reforms relating to land tenure, land-use planning and agricultural policy, to create an institutional environment that motivates the implementation of REDD+ in the DRC. By 2019, none of these reforms had materialized, due to both political changes and a lack of finance, capacity, and political will. Between 2013 and 2019, little progress has been made on REDD+ in the DRC, as a result of conflicting interests among actors both at national and decentralized levels; information asymmetry; elite capture and corruption; and the pre- and post-election situation. To date, the effectiveness of REDD+ activities in the DRC remain unclear, due to the absence of rigorous impact assessment. However, efforts can be observed on the field where there is increased number of participants to forest policy process compared to REDD+ early years; and several ongoing projects are testing policy options within and across levels. If these efforts are sustained, they can contribute in putting in place conditions to achieve REDD+ objectives.

Author : Pham Thu Thuy,Moira Moeliono,Nguyen Thi Hien,Nguyen Huu Tho,Vu Thi Hien
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-13
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : 9786028693776

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The context of REDD+ in Vietnam: Drivers, agents and institutions by Pham Thu Thuy,Moira Moeliono,Nguyen Thi Hien,Nguyen Huu Tho,Vu Thi Hien Pdf

This report discusses the political, economic and social opportunities and constraints that will influence the design and implementation of REDD+ in Vietnam. In particular, four major direct drivers (land conversion for agriculture; infrastructure development; logging (illegal and legal); forest fire) and three indirect drivers (pressure of population growth and migration; the state’s weak forest management capacity; the limited funding available for forest protection) of deforestation and degradation in Vietnam are discussed, along with their implications for REDD+. These drivers and their impacts vary from region to region, and change over time – no ‘one-size-fitsall’ formula will function across the whole of Vietnam. The report also examines the lessons learnt from various forestry and economic development policies and programmes and suggests how a future REDD+ mechanism can overcome the major challenges, which include limited funding for forest protection, weak local governance capacity, poor vertical and horizontal coordination, low involvement of the poor, women and indigenous groups, low economic returns, elite capture of land and benefits, and corruption. The report suggests that if REDD+ is to succeed, it must be participatory, that is, all players are given fair and ample opportunity to be part of the programme (particularly those with the least resources or the greatest economic disenfranchisement); transparent, that is, all players can trace how the programme is administered, including the distribution of benefits; and well-monitored, to ensure that the programme is conducted such that it meets its overarching objectives and guidelines. The success of REDD+ will also require that it take a pro-poor and pro-gender equity approach.

Author : Augustin M. Mpoyi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : OCLC:1066603053

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Context of REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Augustin M. Mpoyi Pdf

Author : Esteve Corbera ,Heike Schroeder
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-13
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9783038427070

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REDD+ Crossroads Post Paris: Politics, Lessons and Interplays by Esteve Corbera ,Heike Schroeder Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "REDD+ Crossroads Post Paris: Politics, Lessons and Interplays" that was published in Forests

Author : Pham Thu Thuy,Maria Brockhaus,Grace Wong,Le Ngoc Dung,Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi,Lasse Loft,Cecilia Luttrell,Samuel Assembe Mvondo
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-08
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Approaches to benefit sharing by Pham Thu Thuy,Maria Brockhaus,Grace Wong,Le Ngoc Dung,Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi,Lasse Loft,Cecilia Luttrell,Samuel Assembe Mvondo Pdf

The issue of REDD+ benefit sharing has captured the attention of policymakers and local communities because the success of REDD+ will depend greatly on the design and implementation of its benefit?sharing mechanism. Despite a large body of literature on potential benefit?sharing mechanisms for REDD+, the field has lacked global comparative analyses of national REDD+ policies and of the political?economic influences that can either enable or impede the mechanisms. Similarly, relatively few studies have investigated the political?economic principles underlying existing benefit?sharing policies and approaches. This working paper builds on a study of REDD+ policies in 13 countries to provide a global overview and up?to?date profile of benefit?sharing mechanisms for REDD+ and of the political?economic factors affecting their design and setting. Five types of benefit?sharing models relevant to REDD+ and natural resource management are used to create an organising framework for identifying what does and does not work and to examine the structure of rights under REDD+. The authors also consider the mechanisms in light of five prominent discourses on the question of who should benefit from REDD+ and, by viewing REDD+ through a 3E (effectiveness, efficiency, equity) lens, map out some of the associated risks for REDD+ outcomes. Existing benefit?sharing models and REDD+ projects have generated initial lessons for building REDD+ benefit?sharing mechanisms. However, the relevant policies in the 13 countries studied could lead to carbon ineffectiveness, cost inefficiency and inequity because of weak linkages to performance or results, unclear tenure and carbon rights, under?representation of certain actors, technical and financial issues related to the scope and scale of REDD+, potential elite capture and the possible negative side effects of the decentralisation of authority. Furthermore, the enabling factors for achieving 3E benefit?sharing mechanisms are largely absent from the study countries. Whether REDD+ can catalyse the necessary changes will depend in part on how the costs and benefits of REDD+ are shared, and whether the benefits are sufficient to affect a shift in entrenched behaviour and policies at all levels of government. The successful design and implementation of benefit?sharing mechanisms – and hence the legitimacy and acceptance of REDD+ – depend on having clear objectives, procedural equity and an inclusive process and on engaging in a rigorous analysis of the options for benefit sharing and their potential effects on beneficiaries and climate mitigation efforts.

Author : Andrea Babon,Gae Yansom Gowae
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786021504055

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The Context of REDD+ in Papua New Guinea: Drivers, agents, and institutions by Andrea Babon,Gae Yansom Gowae Pdf

This report provides an overview of the context for REDD+ in Papua New Guinea. It describes the main drivers of deforestation and degradation, the institutional and political economic context within which REDD+ is being developed, and maps the evolution of a national REDD+ strategy and associated policy and legislation during 2008–2012. It highlights the opportunities and challenges of developing policies that can provide climate-effective, cost-efficient and equitable REDD+ outcomes for Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea’s system of customary land tenure provides both enormous opportunities and challenges for REDD+. Gaining the free, prior and informed consent of customary landowners who own the forests that REDD+ initiatives are designed to protect and developing equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms will be a key challenge. Corruption and a lack of transparency and accountability within the government are significant problems for the country to overcome. Political instability and capacity constraints within the public service also pose challenges to the smooth and steady development and implementation of REDD+ policies. While there appears to be a growing national discourse around good governance and anti-corruption, a complex political economy has thwarted many previous attempts at forest policy reform in the country and REDD+ is likely to face significant opposition from those who currently benefit from the unsustainable exploitation of the country’s forests. But the outlook for REDD+ in Papua New Guinea need not be pessimistic. Many different stakeholder groups including government agencies, civil society organisations, donors, private sector actors and research institutes support the concept of REDD+ in Papua New Guinea. Despite some early missteps in terms of broad stakeholder engagement and national ownership over the policy process, the government has shown genuine progress in developing a transparent and accountable governance structure that can, and is, incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Occasional Papers contain research results that are significant to tropical forest issues. This content has been peer reviewed internally and externally. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human well-being, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to help shape policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. Our headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Asia, Africa and South America.

Author : Oo, T.N.,Hlaing, E.E.S.,Aye, Y.Y.,Chan, N.,Maung, N.L.,Phyoe, S.S.,Thu, P.,Pham, T.T.,Maharani, C.,Moeliono, M.,Adi, G.,Dwisatrio, B.,Kyi, M.K.M.,San, S.M.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871308

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The context of REDD+ in Myanmar by Oo, T.N.,Hlaing, E.E.S.,Aye, Y.Y.,Chan, N.,Maung, N.L.,Phyoe, S.S.,Thu, P.,Pham, T.T.,Maharani, C.,Moeliono, M.,Adi, G.,Dwisatrio, B.,Kyi, M.K.M.,San, S.M. Pdf

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is a forest resource-rich country, but is also facing serious deforestation and forest degradation problems. Currently, Myanmar's forest still covers more than 40% of the country's land area (Aung (2001) but 70% of its population live in rural areas, and the agricultural sector is the main contributor to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) (30%) (World Bank 2014). The country faces the all-too-common dilemma of how to develop its economy while at the same time curbing environmental degradation and contributing to carbon emissions reduction. In 2013, Myanmar adopted a REDD+ program and started its preparatory phase. Myanmar established and developed its National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Reference Emission Levels (RELs) for REDD+ following the guidance and modalities set out by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Implementing REDD+ requires political commitment to address direct and indirect drivers of deforestation, an adequate funding mechanism that is based on a thorough analysis of all costs and benefits, a transparent and equitable benefit-sharing mechanism, and a participatory decision-making approach in which all stakeholders can take part in REDD+. The Global Comparative Study on REDD+, together with its country partners, is compiling profiles of 14 countries to better understand the socioeconomic contexts in which REDD+ policies and processes emerge.

Author : Demetrius Kweka,Rachel Carmenta,Maija Hyle,Irmeli Mustalahti,Therese Dokken,Maria Brockhaus
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-30
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9786023870141

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The context of REDD+ in Tanzania: Drivers, agents and institutions by Demetrius Kweka,Rachel Carmenta,Maija Hyle,Irmeli Mustalahti,Therese Dokken,Maria Brockhaus Pdf

This country profile for Tanzania provides an overview on the socioeconomic and political context within which REDD+ policies and processes emerge. It explores the Tanzanian REDD+ policy processes and strategies at the national level, identifying barriers, limits and opportunities in national REDD+ arenas to inform future REDD+ design by providing research-based options for achieving efficient, effective and equitable REDD+ (i.e. the 3Es of REDD+). Both direct and indirect drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are at work, including forest conversion to small-scale agriculture, timber extraction driven by demand from national and international markets, fuelwood and charcoal, and population growth. The prospects for REDD+ rest on improving a number of issues: tenure arrangements, forest governance, reliability of long-term funding, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and technical, human and financial capacity. We recommend the continuation of support towards decentralized sustainable forest management and utilization of the participatory forest management model as an entry point for REDD+ initiatives. Participatory land-use planning practices coupled with improved spatial planning and strengthening mechanisms against illegal activities entrenched in driving forest degradation are needed. In addition, for REDD+ to succeed it will need to challenge and overcome the powerful actors invested in and driving the business-as-usual model.

Author : Vongvisouk, T.,Thongmanivong, S.,Komany, S.,Inthaboualy, I.,Pham, T.T.,Moeliono, M.,Bong, I.W.,Phompila, C.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : EAN:1017528007557

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Lao PDR's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) by Vongvisouk, T.,Thongmanivong, S.,Komany, S.,Inthaboualy, I.,Pham, T.T.,Moeliono, M.,Bong, I.W.,Phompila, C. Pdf

Key messagesLao People's Democratic Republic (hereafter "Lao PDR") was the first country in Asia to submit its NDC, doing so in September 2015. Building on national development and environmental protection policies, the country aimed to make full use of existing institutional capacity and financial resources, and embed NDC targets in existing policies and planning.To date, NDC results have been mixed. The initial target for 90% of the rural population having access to electricity has already been exceeded with the figure now at 95%, while the forestry target of 70% forest cover has yet to be achieved.Political commitment is strong. The Government designated the Department of Climate Change (DCC) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) to become the national focal point for coordinating NDC implementation in Lao PDR. The Government has also issued a number of related laws and regulations, such as the new forestry law in June 2019 and the Decree on Climate Change in September 2019.Major challenges impeding the country's efforts to achieve its forestry sector NDC targets are persistent and similar to those identified 10 years ago. These are: policies and measures to address major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation not being fully implemented on the ground; poor coordination between key sectors; a lack of accurate and available data and credible methodologies for measuring outcomes; inadequate institutional arrangements for sustainable forest management and community participation; as well as a lack of available funds for implementing proposed activities.In order to achieve and enhance current NDC target ambitions, policies, measures and enabling conditions for transformational change (e.g. funding availability, national ownership, cross-sector collaboration, results-based payment mechanisms, and clarity over carbon and non-carbon benefits) need to be in place.Knowledge gaps that need addressing in order to provide credible evidence for the Government and donors to revise and adapt NDC targets, and better implement the NDC include: rigorous impact assessments of existing policies and initiatives on forest protection and development outcomes; and an integrated sectoral assessment on how realistic and feasible NDC targets could be achieved in supporting the National Green Growth Strategy and Sustainable Development Goals by mainstreaming Climate Change into national socio-economic development plans, vis-à-vis Paris Agreement ambition targets in each period.

Author : Melaku Bekele,Yemiru Tesfaye,Zerihun Mohammed,Solomon Zewdie,Yibeltal Tebikew,Maria Brockhaus,Habtemariam Kassa
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9786023870035

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The context of REDD+ in Ethiopia by Melaku Bekele,Yemiru Tesfaye,Zerihun Mohammed,Solomon Zewdie,Yibeltal Tebikew,Maria Brockhaus,Habtemariam Kassa Pdf

Specifically, the paper identifies and analyzes several direct drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Ethiopia including: forest clearance for both subsistence and large-scale agriculture; illegal and unsustainable extraction of wood mainly for charcoal and firewood; overgrazing; and recurrent forest fires. It also reviews underlying drivers including: rapid population increase and the associated growing demand for land and energy; extensive legal and institutional gaps including lack of stable and equitable forest tenure; lack of stakeholder participation in forest management and benefit-sharing schemes; and weak law enforcement. These drivers and the dominant actors behind them – ranging from small-scale subsistence farmers to national and global investors – are discussed in the context of the political economy, including the policy and institutional framework of the country. The implications of the overall forest condition to the objectives and requirements of REDD+ are evaluated, and key issues that need to be addressed for efficient, effective and equitable implementation of REDD+ are discussed. These key issues include: reconciling the apparently contradictory policies and programs, particularly those that negatively affect the forestry sector; improving the forest tenure and governance system; augmenting economic return from forests to communities and individuals; creating more efficient and effective forest institutions at all levels; and enhancing sectoral and regional coordination among implementing agencies.

Author : Naya S. Paudel,Dil B. Khatri,Dil Raj Khanal,Rahul Karki
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786028693882

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The context of REDD+ in Nepal: Drivers, agents and institutions by Naya S. Paudel,Dil B. Khatri,Dil Raj Khanal,Rahul Karki Pdf

This report provides an overview of Nepal’s initiatives on readiness for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). It presents the status of forest cover change; identifies the drivers of deforestation, institutional and distributional factors in the country; analyses the political economy of land use change; revisits the REDD+ process; and assesses prospects for effective, efficient and equitable outcomes of the same. Nepal has a high rate of deforestation and forest degradation, though there exists no robust, comprehensive orupdated information to show the precise rate. Multiple drivers—such as high dependency on forests, over harvesting, weak governance, landlessness and high opportunity costs for agricultural expansion—contribute to deforestation. The government’s capacity to monitor and address these drivers and underlying causes appears inadequate. Forest officials, civil society organisations and donors exhibit strong enthusiasm for and active involvement in REDD+. Over half a dozen diverse REDD+ readiness initiatives are being implemented by the government and non-state actors. REDD+ implementation has adopted a participatory and multi-stakeholder process usually involving government agencies, civil society organisations and development partners. However, this process is largely detached from the complex dynamics of deforestation and appears to be limited to technical, administrative and peripheral issues. The core issues of forest tenure security and governance reform have not received adequate attention. A robust policy, legal and institutional foundation for community forestry and well-functioning community institutions provide a strong foundation for REDD implementation in Nepal. However, there are enormous challenges from the larger political and socio-economic context, the paucity and diversity of institutional arrangements and the unique nature and distribution of forest types.

Author : Demetrius Kweka
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1091743231

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Context of REDD+ in Tanzania by Demetrius Kweka Pdf

Author : Angelsen, A.,Martius, C.,de Sy, V.,Duchelle, A.E.,Larson, A.M.,Pham, T.T.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9786023870790

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Transforming REDD+ by Angelsen, A.,Martius, C.,de Sy, V.,Duchelle, A.E.,Larson, A.M.,Pham, T.T. Pdf

Constructive critique. This book provides a critical, evidence-based analysis of REDD+ implementation so far, without losing sight of the urgent need to reduce forest-based emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change. REDD+ as envisioned

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Agroforestry
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040388998

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Tropical Forestry Action Plan by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics Pdf