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The Death of Carthage tells the story of the Second and third Punic wars that took place between ancient Rome and Carthage in three parts. The first book, Carthage Must Be Destroyed, covering the second Punic war, is told in the first person by Lucius Tullius Varro, a young Roman of equestrian status who is recruited into the Roman cavalry at the beginning of the war in 218 BC. Lucius serves in Spain under the Consul Publius Cornelius Scipio and his brother, the Proconsul Cneius Cornelius Scipio. Captivus, the second book, is narrated by Lucius's first cousin Enneus, who is recruited to the Roman cavalry under Gaius Flaminius and taken prisoner by Hannibal's general Maharbal after the disastrous Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC. Enneus is transported to Greece and sold as a slave, where he is put to work as a shepherd on a large estate and establishes his life there. The third and final book, The Death of Carthage, is narrated by Enneus's son, Ectorius. As a rare bilingual, Ectorius becomes a translator and serves in the Roman army during the war and witnesses the total destruction of Carthage in the year 146 BC. This historical saga, full of minute details on day-to-day life in ancient times, depicts two great civilizations on the cusp of influencing the world for centuries to come.
The Death of Carthage is a historical fiction novel about the Second and Third Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. The novel is divided into three parts. Part one tells the story of the Second Punic War from the point of view of Lucius, a Roman cavalryman and boyhood friend of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. Lucius serves in Spain and ultimately goes to Africa with Scipio to fight in the Battle of Zama. Part two tells the story of Lucius' Cousin Enneas who is taken prisoner at the Battle of Trasimene and sold as a slave in Greece. Enneas eventually marries a slave girl and has two children, Andromache and Hector. When Rome makes a treaty with Achaea he and his family are repatriated to Rome. Part three tells the story of Hector, AKA Ectorius who becomes a translator and sporadically serves with the Roman Army. On one of these stints he meets the Greek Historian Polybius and they become friends. When Polybius is summoned advise his close friend and student, Scipio Aemilianus, on how to defeat Carthage, he asks Ectorius to come with him. Ectorius witnesses the final destruction of Carthage. From the Kirkus review of The Death of Carthage:Levin's novel blends the history of the Second and Third Punic Wars with a richly detailed peek into ancient Roman culture.In the novel's first of three sections, Levin textures scenes in which young Lucius Tullius Varro prepares for the Second Punic War with details ranging from Roman dress customs to typical wartime psychology. In his training, equestrian-class Lucius befriends the Consul's patrician son, Publius Correlius Scipio. At the recommendation of young Scipio, Lucius is accepted to the Consul's cavalry; his chief regret is that he must leave his newly pregnant wife, Silvia. In war, Lucius records information gathered by Roman scouts. In consideration of the extremes that the enemy would go to extract this information from Lucius were he caught, he's equipped with a flask of poison. When the time comes, however, it's the agile Celtiberian girl Ala who saves Lucius, installing herself as Lucius' mistress-for-life. After situating Ala near his home, he explains her to the heroically levelheaded Silvia. At times, the sweeping conveyance of battle, even as it constitutes a fascinating description of events, eclipses Lucius as a character. In the second section, Lucius's cousin Enneus reports his capture from Consul Flaminius' cavalry and his subsequent 21-year stint as a Greek politician's slave. Before the end of this section, we've witnessed the emancipation of Enneus and his rise to a respectable degree of prosperity. The final section repeats several previous conversations nearly verbatim; while these are shared through the perspective of Enneus's son, Ectorius, his perspective does not seem to meaningfully color them enough to justify their repetition. While it would benefit from further polishing, this novel comprises worthy historical fiction. Naturally, readers already interested in the Roman-Carthaginian wars will find this account gratifying; however, those less steeped in knowledge of the era may also find themselves rapidly engaged owing to the three accessible and riveting narrators.Intricately described, well-plotted historical fiction set in ancient Rome.
The Afterlife in Early Christian Carthage by Stephen E. Potthoff Pdf
The Afterlife in Early Christian Carthage explores how the visionary experiences of early Christian martyrs shaped and informed early Christian ancestor cult and the construction of the cemetery as paradise. Taking the early Christian cemeteries in Carthage as a case study, the volume broadens our understanding of the historical and cultural origins of the early Christian cult of the saints, and highlights the often divergent views about the dead and post-mortem realms expressed by the church fathers, and in graveside ritual and the material culture of the cemetery. This fascinating study is a key resource for students of late antique and early Christian culture.
The Life and Death of Carthage by Gilbert Charles-Picard,Colette Charles-Picard Pdf
Studies the development of the Carthaginian civilization, focusing on the course of its foreign affairs, and the Punic Wars which led to its destruction
The first full-scale history of Hannibal's Carthage in decades and "a convincing and enthralling narrative." (The Economist ) Drawing on a wealth of new research, archaeologist, historian, and master storyteller Richard Miles resurrects the civilization that ancient Rome struggled so mightily to expunge. This monumental work charts the entirety of Carthage's history, from its origins among the Phoenician settlements of Lebanon to its apotheosis as a Mediterranean empire whose epic land-and-sea clash with Rome made a legend of Hannibal and shaped the course of Western history. Carthage Must Be Destroyed reintroduces readers to the ancient glory of a lost people and their generations-long struggle against an implacable enemy.
The devastating struggle to the death between the Carthaginians and Romans was one of the defining dramas of the Ancient World. In an epic series of land and sea battles both sides came close to victory before the Carthaginians finally buckled and their capital city, history and culture were almost utterly erased. The last great threat to Roman supremacy across the entire Mediterranean had gone, fulfilling Cato the Elder's insistent demand 'Carthage must be destroyed'. 'Carthage Must Be Destroyed' brilliantly brings to life this lost empire - from its origins among the Phoenician settlements of Lebanon to its apotheosis as the greatest sea-power in the Mediterranean, with interests stretching from the Middle East to southern Spain. Roman ferocity tried to remove Carthage from history, but it is possible nonetheless to create an extraordinary narrative of a civilization which left an indelible, if often hidden legacy for those that followed. At the heart of all attempts to understand Carthage must lie the extraordinary figure of Hannibal - the scourge of Rome and one of the greatest, most charismatic and innovative of all military leaders, but a man also who ultimately led his people to catastrophe. Drawing on a wealth of new archaeological research, Richard Miles makes Carthage vivid as it has never been before.
The Life and Death of Ancient Cities by Greg Woolf Pdf
The dramatic story of the rise and collapse of Europe's first great urban experiment The growth of cities around the world in the last two centuries is the greatest episode in our urban history, but it is not the first. Three thousand years ago most of the Mediterranean basin was a world of villages; a world without money or writing, without temples for the gods or palaces for the mighty. Over the centuries that followed, however, cities appeared in many places around the Inland Sea, built by Greeks and Romans, and also by Etruscans and Phoenicians, Tartessians and Lycians, and many others. Most were tiny by modern standards, but they were the building blocks of all the states and empires of antiquity. The greatest--Athens and Corinth, Syracuse and Marseilles, Alexandria and Ephesus, Persepolis and Carthage, Rome and Byzantium--became the powerhouses of successive ancient societies, not just political centers but also the places where ancient art and literatures were created and accumulated. And then, half way through the first millennium, most withered away, leaving behind ruins that have fascinated so many who came after. Based on the most recent historical and archaeological evidence, The Life and Death of Ancient Cities provides a sweeping narrative of one of the world's first great urban experiments, from Bronze Age origins to the demise of cities in late antiquity. Greg Woolf chronicles the history of the ancient Mediterranean city, against the background of wider patterns of human evolution, and of the unforgiving environment in which they were built. Richly illustrated, the book vividly brings to life the abandoned remains of our ancient urban ancestors and serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of even the mightiest of cities.
Carthage tells the life story of the city, both as one of the Mediterranean’s great seafaring powers before 146 BC, and after its refounding in the first century BC. It provides a comprehensive history of the city and its unique culture, and offers students an insight into Rome’s greatest enemy. Hoyos explores the history of Carthage from its foundation, traditionally claimed to have been by political exiles from Phoenicia in 813 BC, through to its final desertion in AD 698 at the hands of fresh eastern arrivals, the Arabs. In these 1500 years, Carthage had two distinct lives, separated by a hundred-year silence. In the first and most famous life, the city traded and warred on equal terms with Greeks and then with Rome, which ultimately led to Rome utterly destroying the city after the Third Punic War. A second Carthage, Roman in form, was founded by Julius Caesar in 44 BC and flourished, both as a centre for Christianity and as capital of the Vandal kingdom, until the seventh-century expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate. Carthage is a comprehensive study of this fascinating city across 15 centuries that provides a fascinating insight into Punic history and culture for students and scholars of Carthaginian, Roman, and Late Antique history. Written in an accessible style, this volume is also suitable for the general reader.
Cornelius Nepos, Life of Hannibal by Bret Mulligan Pdf
Trebia. Trasimene. Cannae. With three stunning victories, Hannibal humbled Rome and nearly shattered its empire. Even today Hannibal's brilliant, if ultimately unsuccessful, campaign against Rome during the Second Punic War (218-202 BC) make him one of history's most celebrated military leaders. This biography by Cornelius Nepos (c. 100-27 BC) sketches Hannibal's life from the time he began traveling with his father's army as a young boy, through his sixteen-year invasion of Italy and his tumultuous political career in Carthage, to his perilous exile and eventual suicide in the East. As Rome completed its bloody transition from dysfunctional republic to stable monarchy, Nepos labored to complete an innovative and influential collection of concise biographies. Putting aside the detailed, chronological accounts of military campaigns and political machinations that characterized most writing about history, Nepos surveyed Roman and Greek history for distinguished men who excelled in a range of prestigious occupations. In the exploits and achievements of these illustrious men, Nepos hoped that his readers would find models for the honorable conduct of their own lives. Although most of Nepos' works have been lost, we are fortunate to have his biography of Hannibal. Nepos offers a surprisingly balanced portrayal of a man that most Roman authors vilified as the most monstrous foe that Rome had ever faced. Nepos' straightforward style and his preference for common vocabulary make Life of Hannibal accessible for those who are just beginning to read continuous Latin prose, while the historical interest of the subject make it compelling for readers of every ability.
This is an historical novel of the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage. It is narrated by three main characters, Gisco, a noble Carthaginian soldier, his Spanish wife, Sansara, and his best friend Mago, the brother of Hannibal. One day Gisco is commanded to sacrifice his son as a burnt offering. What will he do?
This epic retelling of the legendary Carthaginian military leader’s assault on the Roman empire begins in Ancient Spain, where Hannibal Barca sets out with tens of thousands of soldiers and 30 elephants. After conquering the Roman city of Saguntum, Hannibal wages his campaign through the outposts of the empire, shrewdly befriending peoples disillusioned by Rome and, with dazzling tactics, outwitting the opponents who believe the land route he has chosen is impossible. Yet Hannibal’s armies must take brutal losses as they pass through the Pyrenees mountains, forge the Rhone river, and make a winter crossing of the Alps before descending to the great tests at Cannae and Rome itself. David Anthony Durham draws a brilliant and complex Hannibal out of the scant historical record–sharp, sure-footed, as nimble among rivals as on the battlefield, yet one who misses his family and longs to see his son grow to manhood. Whether portraying the deliberations of a general or the calculations of a common soldier, vast multilayered scenes of battle or moments of introspection when loss seems imminent, Durham brings history alive.
