The Distributional Impacts Of Trade

Author : Jakob Engel,Deeksha Kokas,Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Maryla Maliszewska
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464817052

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The Distributional Impacts of Trade by Jakob Engel,Deeksha Kokas,Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Maryla Maliszewska Pdf

Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction.But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic well-being across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely. The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4). This book comes at a time when the shock from COVID-19 (coronavirus) adds to an already uncertain trade policy environment in which the value of the multilateral trading system has been under increased scrutiny. A better understanding of how trade affects distributional outcomes can lead to more inclusive policies and support the ability of countries to maximize broad-based benefits from trade.

Author : ZACHMANN. GUSTAV GEORG (FREDRIKSSON. GREGORY, CLAEYS.),Fredriksson Gustav,Claeys Grégory
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 907891047X

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The Distributional Effects of Climate Policies by ZACHMANN. GUSTAV GEORG (FREDRIKSSON. GREGORY, CLAEYS.),Fredriksson Gustav,Claeys Grégory Pdf

Policymakers will not accept forceful decarbonisation policies if they lead to visibly increasing inequality within their societies. The distributive effects of climate policies need to be addressed. This report provides a selective review of recent academic literature and experience on the distributional effects of climate policies.

Author : Guido Gustavo Porto
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Argentina
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy by Guido Gustavo Porto Pdf

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821361813

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Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms: A practitioner's guide to trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education by World Bank Pdf

This publication is a practitioner's guide for analyzing the distributional impact of reforms to trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy and education. These six areas of policy reform are the ones most likely to have an impact on distribution and poverty. Such analysis helps in policy formulation and development and for implementing poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. Each chapter in this volume provides an overview and guidance on the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors.

Author : Richard Cookson,Susan Griffin,Anthony J. Culyer,Ole F. Norheim
Publisher : Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Medical care
ISBN : 9780198838197

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Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis by Richard Cookson,Susan Griffin,Anthony J. Culyer,Ole F. Norheim Pdf

Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.

Author : Johnstone Nick,Serret Ysé
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2006-02-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264066137

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The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy by Johnstone Nick,Serret Ysé Pdf

This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.

Author : Roman Keeney,L. Alan Winters
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Agricultural Liberalization
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Distributional Effects of WTO Agricultural Reforms in Rich and Poor Countries by Roman Keeney,L. Alan Winters Pdf

Abstract: Rich countries' agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to be almost immune to serious reform, and one of their most common defenses is that they protect poor farmers. The authors' findings reject this claim. The analysis uses detailed data on farm incomes to show that major commodity programs are highly regressive in the United States, and that the only serious losses under trade reform are among large, wealthy farmers in a few heavily protected subsectors. In contrast, analysis using household data from 15 developing countries indicates that reforming rich countries' agricultural trade policies would lift large numbers of developing country farm households out of poverty. In the majority of cases these gains are not outweighed by the poverty-increasing effects of higher food prices among other households. Agricultural reforms that appear feasible, even under an ambitious Doha Round, achieve only a fraction of the benefits for developing countries that full liberalization promises, but protect U.S. large farms from most of the rigors of adjustment. Finally, the analysis indicates that maximal trade-led poverty reductions occur when developing countries participate more fully in agricultural trade liberalization.

Author : Guido G. Porto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290703618

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Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy by Guido G. Porto Pdf

Porto develops and applies a methodology to empirically explore the effects of trade policies on the distribution of income and poverty in developing countries. He uses a methodology based on two links - one connecting trade policies to prices, and another connecting prices to household welfare. The author applies the methodology to the study of the distributional effects of Mercosur on Argentine families.The main finding is that Mercosur benefits the average Argentine household across the entire income distribution. There is evidence of a pro-poor bias of the regional trade agreement: on average, poor households gain more from the reform than middle-income households, whereas the effects on rich families are positive but not statistically significant. Prior to the reform, Argentine trade policy protected the rich over the poor, and after the reform, granted some protection to the poor. As relative pre-Mercosur tariffs are higher on relatively skill-intensive goods, the tariff removals tend to benefit the poor over the rich. These findings indicate that trade reforms may actually help improve the distribution of income and reduce poverty in the country.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impacts of trade and trade policies on poverty.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781464815607

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The African Continental Free Trade Area by World Bank Pdf

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement will create the largest free trade area in the world, measured by the number of countries participating. The pact will connect 1.3 billion people across 55 countries with a combined GDP valued at $3.4 trillion. It has the potential to lift 30 million people out of extreme poverty by 2035. But achieving its full potential will depend on putting in place significant policy reforms and trade facilitation measures. The scope of the agreement is considerable. It will reduce tariffs among member countries and cover policy areas, such as trade facilitation and services, as well as regulatory measures, such as sanitary standards and technical barriers to trade. It will complement existing subregional economic communities and trade agreements by offering a continent-wide regulatory framework and by regulating policy areas—such as investment and intellectual property rights protection—that have not been covered in most subregional agreements. The African Continental Free Trade Area: Economic and Distributional Effects quantifies the long-term implications of the agreement for growth, trade, poverty reduction, and employment. Its analysis goes beyond that in previous studies that have largely focused on tariff and nontariff barriers in goods—by including the effects of services and trade facilitation measures, as well as the distributional impacts on poverty, employment, and wages of female and male workers. It is designed to guide policy makers as they develop and implement the extensive range of reforms needed to realize the substantial rewards that the agreement offers. The analysis shows that full implementation of AfCFTA could boost income by 7 percent, or nearly $450 billion, in 2014 prices and market exchange rates. The agreement would also significantly expand African trade—particularly intraregional trade in manufacturing. In addition, it would increase employment opportunities and wages for unskilled workers and help close the wage gap between men and women.

Author : Carlo Carraro,Gilbert E. Metcalf
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226094809

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Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy by Carlo Carraro,Gilbert E. Metcalf Pdf

Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.

Author : Donald Ray Davis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Free trade
ISBN : STANFORD:36105021000778

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Trade Liberalization and Income Distribution by Donald Ray Davis Pdf

Develops a model to examine the impact of trade liberalization on wages. Argues that trade liberalization will reduce wages in countries which are labour abundant relative to the global economy, if these same countries are capital abundant relative to countries in its reference set.

Author : Aline Coudouel,Stefano Paternostro
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821363492

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Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms, 2 by Aline Coudouel,Stefano Paternostro Pdf

"The analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, particularly on th e poor and vulnerable, has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. In recent years this type of work has been labeled as Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and is increasingly implemented to promote evidence-based policy choices and foster debate on policy reform options. While information is available on the general approach, techniques, and tools for distributional analysis, each sector displays a series of specific characteristics. These have implications for the analysis of distributional impacts, including the types of impacts and transmission channels that warrant particular attention, the tools and techniques most appropriate, the data source typically utilized, and the range of political economy factors most likely to affect the reform process. This volume provides an overview of the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors. Each chapter offers guidance on the selection of tools and techniques most adapted to the reforms under scrutiny, and offers examples of applications of these approaches. This is a companion to the first volume, which offers guidance on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education."

Author : Erhan Artuc,Guido Porto,Bob Rijkers
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030930608

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The Inequality Adjusted Gains from Trade by Erhan Artuc,Guido Porto,Bob Rijkers Pdf

This volume examines the relationship between trade liberalization policies and income inequality in developing countries. Using survey data for 54 developing countries, the book explores the potential trade-off between the gains from trade and the distribution of those gains and provides a quantification of the inequality-adjusted welfare gains from trade. The book begins with an introduction to the model and its methodology. Chapter 2 sets up the model and derives the formulas for the welfare effects of trade policy. Chapter 3 uses the tariff data and the survey data to estimate those welfare effects in 54 countries. Chapter 4 discusses the gains from trade and their distribution. Chapter 5 evaluates and quantifies the trade-off between income gains and inequality costs of trade. Chapter 6 presents robustness tests and results from alternative models of the impacts of trade. The last chapter reviews the Household Impacts of Trade database and dashboard, which provides data for replication and a platform that allows researchers to simulate agricultural tariff policy shocks. Providing a comprehensive empirical analysis of the effects of trade policy on inequality in developing countries, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of economic inequality, development, and international trade as well as policymakers interested in the inequality and poverty consequences of trade policy.

Author : Baoping Shang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573397

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The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications by Baoping Shang Pdf

Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.

Author : Robert C. Feenstra
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226239644

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The Impact of International Trade on Wages by Robert C. Feenstra Pdf

Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.