The Ebola Epidemic In West Africa

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The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309450065

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The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

The most recent Ebola epidemic that began in late 2013 alerted the entire world to the gaps in infectious disease emergency preparedness and response. The regional outbreak that progressed to a significant public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in a matter of months killed 11,310 and infected more than 28,616. While this outbreak bears some unique distinctions to past outbreaks, many characteristics remain the same and contributed to tragic loss of human life and unnecessary expenditure of capital: insufficient knowledge of the disease, its reservoirs, and its transmission; delayed prevention efforts and treatment; poor control of the disease in hospital settings; and inadequate community and international responses. Recognizing the opportunity to learn from the countless lessons of this epidemic, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in March 2015 to discuss the challenges to successful outbreak responses at the scientific, clinical, and global health levels. Workshop participants explored the epidemic from multiple perspectives, identified important questions about Ebola that remained unanswered, and sought to apply this understanding to the broad challenges posed by Ebola and other emerging pathogens, to prevent the international community from being taken by surprise once again in the face of these threats. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Understanding West Africas Ebola Epidemic

Ibrahim Abdullah,Ismail Rashid
Understanding West Africas Ebola Epidemic Book PDF

Author : Ibrahim Abdullah,Ismail Rashid
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781786991713

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Understanding West Africas Ebola Epidemic by Ibrahim Abdullah,Ismail Rashid Pdf

From 2013 to 2015, over 11,000 people across West Africa lost their lives to the deadliest outbreak of the Ebola virus in history. Crucially, this epidemic marked the first time the virus was able to spread beyond rural areas to major cities, overturning conventional assumptions about its epidemiology. With backgrounds ranging from development to disease control, the contributors to this volume - some of them based in countries affected by the Ebola epidemic - consider the underlying factors that shaped this unprecedented outbreak. While championing the heroic efforts of local communities and aid workers in halting the spread of the disease, the contributors also reveal deep structural problems in both the countries and humanitarian agencies involved, which hampered the efforts to contain the epidemic. Alarmingly, they show that little has been learned from these events, with health provision remaining underfunded and poorly equipped to deal with future outbreaks. Such issues, they argue, reflect the wider challenges we face in tackling epidemic disease in an increasingly interconnected world.

The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic

The World Bank
The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic Book PDF

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464804229

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The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic by The World Bank Pdf

Beyond the terrible toll in human lives and suffering, the Ebola epidemic currently afflicting West Africa is already having a measurable economic impact. This report provides a systematic analysis of the channels of economic impact and the likely magnitude of that impact for Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as well as West Africa as a whole.

The Politics of Fear

Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au
The Politics of Fear Book PDF

Author : Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190624491

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The Politics of Fear by Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au Pdf

The 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa was an unprecedented medical and political emergency that cast an unflattering light on multiple corners of government and international response. Fear, not rational planning, appeared to drive many decisions made at population and leadership levels, which in turn brought about a response that was as uneven as it was unprecedented: entire populations were decimated or destroyed, vaccine trials were fast-tracked, health staff died, untested medications were used (or not used) in controversial ways, humanitarian workers returned home to enforced isolation, and military was employed to sometimes disturbing ends. The epidemic revealed serious fault lines at all levels of theory and practice of global public health: national governments were shown to be helpless and unprepared for calamity at this scale; the World Health Organization was roundly condemned for its ineffectiveness; the US quietly created its own African CDC a year after the epidemic began. Amid such chaos, Médecins sans Frontières was forced to act with unprecdented autonomy -- and amid great criticism -- in responding to the disease, taking unprecedented steps in deploying services and advocating for international aid. The Politics of Fear provides a primary documentary resource for recounting and learning from the Ebola epidemic. Comprising eleven topic-based chapters and four eyewitness vignettes from both MSF- and non-MSF-affiliated contributors (all of whom have been given access to MSF Ebola archives from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia for research), it aims to provide a politically agnostic account of the defining health event of the 21st century so far, one that will hopefully inform current opinions and future responses.

The Politics of Fear

Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au
The Politics of Fear Book PDF

Author : Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190624484

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The Politics of Fear by Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au Pdf

The 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa was an unprecedented medical and political emergency that cast an unflattering light on multiple corners of government and international response. Fear, not rational planning, appeared to drive many decisions made at population and leadership levels, which in turn brought about a response that was as uneven as it was unprecedented: entire populations were decimated or destroyed, vaccine trials were fast-tracked, health staff died, untested medications were used (or not used) in controversial ways, humanitarian workers returned home to enforced isolation, and military was employed to sometimes disturbing ends. The epidemic revealed serious fault lines at all levels of theory and practice of global public health: national governments were shown to be helpless and unprepared for calamity at this scale; the World Health Organization was roundly condemned for its ineffectiveness; the US quietly created its own African CDC a year after the epidemic began. Amid such chaos, Médecins sans Frontières was forced to act with unprecdented autonomy -- and amid great criticism -- in responding to the disease, taking unprecedented steps in deploying services and advocating for international aid. The Politics of Fear provides a primary documentary resource for recounting and learning from the Ebola epidemic. Comprising eleven topic-based chapters and four eyewitness vignettes from both MSF- and non-MSF-affiliated contributors (all of whom have been given access to MSF Ebola archives from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia for research), it aims to provide a politically agnostic account of the defining health event of the 21st century so far, one that will hopefully inform current opinions and future responses.

Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds

Paul Farmer
Fevers Feuds and Diamonds Book PDF

Author : Paul Farmer
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780374716981

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Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds by Paul Farmer Pdf

“Paul Farmer brings his considerable intellect, empathy, and expertise to bear in this powerful and deeply researched account of the Ebola outbreak that struck West Africa in 2014. It is hard to imagine a more timely or important book.” —Bill and Melinda Gates "[The] history is as powerfully conveyed as it is tragic . . . Illuminating . . . Invaluable." —Steven Johnson, The New York Times Book Review In 2014, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea suffered the worst epidemic of Ebola in history. The brutal virus spread rapidly through a clinical desert where basic health-care facilities were few and far between. Causing severe loss of life and economic disruption, the Ebola crisis was a major tragedy of modern medicine. But why did it happen, and what can we learn from it? Paul Farmer, the internationally renowned doctor and anthropologist, experienced the Ebola outbreak firsthand—Partners in Health, the organization he founded, was among the international responders. In Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds, he offers the first substantive account of this frightening, fast-moving episode and its implications. In vibrant prose, Farmer tells the harrowing stories of Ebola victims while showing why the medical response was slow and insufficient. Rebutting misleading claims about the origins of Ebola and why it spread so rapidly, he traces West Africa’s chronic health failures back to centuries of exploitation and injustice. Under formal colonial rule, disease containment was a priority but care was not – and the region’s health care woes worsened, with devastating consequences that Farmer traces up to the present. This thorough and hopeful narrative is a definitive work of reportage, history, and advocacy, and a crucial intervention in public-health discussions around the world.

Ebola

Dorothy H. Crawford
Ebola Book PDF

Author : Dorothy H. Crawford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198759997

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Ebola by Dorothy H. Crawford Pdf

First discovered in 1976, and long regarded as an easily manageable virus affecting isolated rural communities, Ebola rocketed to world prominence in 2014 as a deadly epidemic swept through Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia in West Africa. Thousands of people died as the extraordinarily contagious disease spread rapidly from villages to urban centres. Initial quarantine responses proved often too little and too late, and the medical infrastructure of the affected countries struggled to cope. By August 2014, several months after the start of the outbreak, the WHO declared the epidemic a public health emergency and international aid teams and volunteers began to pour in. But halting the epidemic proved to be hugely challenging, not only in terms of the practicalities of dealing with the sheer numbers of patients carrying the highly infectious virus, but in dealing with social and cultural barriers. The author, Dorothy Crawford, visited Sierra Leone while the epidemic was ongoing and met with those on the frontline in the fight against the virus. In Ebola Crawford combines personal accounts from these brave medical workers with the latest scientific reports to tell the story of the epidemic as it unfolded, and how it has changed our understanding of the virus. She looks at its origin and spread, the international response, and its devastating legacy to the health of those living in the three worst affected countries. She describes the efforts to prevent international spread, the treatment options for Ebola, including the drug and vaccine trials that eventually got underway in 2015, and the sensitive issue of running trials of experimental therapies during a lethal epidemic. Our understanding of the Ebola virus continues to develop as long-term health problems and complications following recovery from the disease are being identified. Epidemics of Ebola or other dangerous microbes will continue to threaten the world regularly. Already concerns have been raised by the possible impact of the Zika virus. What lessons have been learnt from Ebola? How, asks Crawford, might we prevent a repeat of the awful suffering seen in 2014-16?

The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

Constantine N. Nana PhD
The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Book PDF

Author : Constantine N. Nana PhD
Publisher : Archway Publishing
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781480835979

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The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa by Constantine N. Nana PhD Pdf

The Zaire Ebola virus appeared out of nowhere and then disappeared into thin air after killing scores of humans in West Africa. In The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, author Constantine N. Nana attempts to better understand the outbreak and answer the question: why? Through meticulous research, combing through misleading media reports and equivocal academic papers, Nana takes a close look at the chain of events. He raises a series of questions: Why were there Ebola experts in the region shortly before the outbreak? Why did the Sierra Leonean government order a research institution to stop Ebola testing during the outbreak? Why did the United States government decline to renew funding for one of the research programs during the crisis? Why did one of the key researchers state that the epidemic may have been caused by a contaminated needle? Did the initial outbreak really originate with a two-year-old child in an isolated area? In The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, Nana challenges standard explanations of the virus origins and demonstrates that many questions remain unanswered.

U. S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

Congressional Research Service
U S and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Book PDF

Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1508610665

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U. S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa by Congressional Research Service Pdf

In March 2014, an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was reported in Guinea, West Africa. The outbreak is the first in West Africa and has caused an unprecedented number of cases and deaths. The outbreak is continuing to spread in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (the "affected countries"); it has been contained in Nigeria and Senegal, and has been detected in Mali. As of October 22, 2014, more than 10,000 people have contracted EVD, more than half of whom have died.

The Ebola Virus and West Africa

Dr. Felix I. Ikuomola
The Ebola Virus and West Africa Book PDF

Author : Dr. Felix I. Ikuomola
Publisher : iUniverse
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781491771310

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The Ebola Virus and West Africa by Dr. Felix I. Ikuomola Pdf

The Ebola Virus and West Africa: Medical and Sociocultural Aspects provides a compact summary of the Ebola virus, outlining its nature, history, epidemiology, and methods of treatment. In addition, the work examines the context of the diseases outbreak by describing the people, politics, and policies in West Africa before, during, and after the recent outbreak. Finally, chapters summarize and explore the ethical issues that arise in pursuing treatments and discuss methods for improving control and prevention of additional outbreaks. Dr. Felix I. Ikuomola, a medical doctor who is pursuing additional advanced degrees in clinical research (UH) and surgical sciences (RCSEd/Edin), brings to bear his practice of medicine and surgery in Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia and his direct knowledge of the cultural practices and factors at play in the countries of West Africa to ground the presentation in The Ebola Virus and West Africa in the realities of the current situation in the region. The Ebola Virus and West Africa: Medical and Sociocultural Aspects will provide a highly organized, comprehensive, and insightful treatment of this virulent disease and its sociocultural elements to people with medical backgrounds and to individuals desiring to understand more comprehensively the impact of this disease on West Africa. In either case, time spent with The Ebola Virus and West Africa will give you the background and analysis you need to respond intelligently to the challenges the virus presents to an increasingly globalized culture.

Ebola

Paul Richards
Ebola Book PDF

Author : Paul Richards
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781783608607

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Ebola by Paul Richards Pdf

Shortlisted for the Fage and Oliver Prize 2018 From December 2013, the largest Ebola outbreak in history swept across West Africa, claiming thousands of lives in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. By the middle of 2014, the international community was gripped by hysteria. Experts grimly predicted that millions would be infected within months, and a huge international control effort was mounted to contain the virus. Yet paradoxically, by this point the disease was already going into decline in Africa itself. So why did outside observers get it so wrong? Paul Richards draws on his extensive first-hand experience in Sierra Leone to argue that the international community's panicky response failed to take account of local expertise and common sense. Crucially, Richards shows that the humanitarian response to the disease was most effective in those areas where it supported these initiatives and that it hampered recovery when it ignored or disregarded local knowledge.

Global Epidemics, Local Implications

Kevin J. A. Thomas
Global Epidemics Local Implications Book PDF

Author : Kevin J. A. Thomas
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781421432991

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Global Epidemics, Local Implications by Kevin J. A. Thomas Pdf

Ultimately, this book shows how these responses underscore the importance of immigrant resources for developing public health interventions.

Risk Communication for the Future

Mathilde Bourrier,Corinne Bieder
Risk Communication for the Future Book PDF

Author : Mathilde Bourrier,Corinne Bieder
Publisher : Springer
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319740980

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Risk Communication for the Future by Mathilde Bourrier,Corinne Bieder Pdf

The conventional approach to risk communication, based on a centralized and controlled model, has led to blatant failures in the management of recent safety related events. In parallel, several cases have proved that actors not thought of as risk governance or safety management contributors may play a positive role regarding safety. Building on these two observations and bridging the gap between risk communication and safety practices leads to a new, more societal perspective on risk communication, that allows for smart risk governance and safety management. This book is Open Access under a CC-BY licence.

Global Health Risk Framework

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy
Global Health Risk Framework Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309381024

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Global Health Risk Framework by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy Pdf

Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Workshop on Research and Development of Medical Products are summarized in this report.

Outbreak Culture

Pardis Sabeti,Lara Salahi
Outbreak Culture Book PDF

Author : Pardis Sabeti,Lara Salahi
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780674260474

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Outbreak Culture by Pardis Sabeti,Lara Salahi Pdf

A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year ÒA critical, poignant postmortem of the epidemic.Ó ÑWashington Post ÒForceful and instructive...Sabeti and Salahi uncover competition, sabotage, fear, blame, and disorganization bordering on chaos, features that are seen in just about any lethal epidemic.Ó ÑPaul Farmer, cofounder of Partners in Health ÒThe central theme of the book...is that common threads of dysfunction run through responses to epidemics...The power of Outbreak Culture is its universality.Ó ÑNature ÒSabeti and Salahi present a wealth of evidence supporting the imperative that outbreak response must operate in a coordinated, real-time manner.Ó ÑScience As we saw with the Ebola outbreakÑand the disastrous early handling of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemicÑa lack of preparedness, delays, and system-wide problems with the distribution of critical medical supplies can have deadly consequences. Yet after every outbreak, the systems put in place to coordinate emergency responses are generally dismantled. One of AmericaÕs top biomedical researchers, Dr. Pardis Sabeti, and her Pulitzer PrizeÐwinning collaborator, Lara Salahi, argue that these problems are built into the ecosystem of our emergency responses. With an understanding of the path of disease and insight into political psychology, they show how secrecy, competition, and poor coordination plague nearly every major public health crisis and reveal how much more could be done to safeguard the well-being of caregivers, patients, and vulnerable communities. A work of fearless integrity and unassailable authority, Outbreak Culture seeks to ensure that we make some urgently needed changes before the next pandemic.