U S And International Health Responses To The Ebola Outbreak In West Africa
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U. S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa by Congressional Research Service Pdf
In March 2014, an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was reported in Guinea, West Africa. The outbreak is the first in West Africa and has caused an unprecedented number of cases and deaths. The outbreak is continuing to spread in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (the "affected countries"); it has been contained in Nigeria and Senegal, and has been detected in Mali. As of October 22, 2014, more than 10,000 people have contracted EVD, more than half of whom have died.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 137 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 2016-12-30 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309450065
The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf
The most recent Ebola epidemic that began in late 2013 alerted the entire world to the gaps in infectious disease emergency preparedness and response. The regional outbreak that progressed to a significant public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in a matter of months killed 11,310 and infected more than 28,616. While this outbreak bears some unique distinctions to past outbreaks, many characteristics remain the same and contributed to tragic loss of human life and unnecessary expenditure of capital: insufficient knowledge of the disease, its reservoirs, and its transmission; delayed prevention efforts and treatment; poor control of the disease in hospital settings; and inadequate community and international responses. Recognizing the opportunity to learn from the countless lessons of this epidemic, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in March 2015 to discuss the challenges to successful outbreak responses at the scientific, clinical, and global health levels. Workshop participants explored the epidemic from multiple perspectives, identified important questions about Ebola that remained unanswered, and sought to apply this understanding to the broad challenges posed by Ebola and other emerging pathogens, to prevent the international community from being taken by surprise once again in the face of these threats. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 137 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 2016-11-30 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309450096
The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf
The most recent Ebola epidemic that began in late 2013 alerted the entire world to the gaps in infectious disease emergency preparedness and response. The regional outbreak that progressed to a significant public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in a matter of months killed 11,310 and infected more than 28,616. While this outbreak bears some unique distinctions to past outbreaks, many characteristics remain the same and contributed to tragic loss of human life and unnecessary expenditure of capital: insufficient knowledge of the disease, its reservoirs, and its transmission; delayed prevention efforts and treatment; poor control of the disease in hospital settings; and inadequate community and international responses. Recognizing the opportunity to learn from the countless lessons of this epidemic, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in March 2015 to discuss the challenges to successful outbreak responses at the scientific, clinical, and global health levels. Workshop participants explored the epidemic from multiple perspectives, identified important questions about Ebola that remained unanswered, and sought to apply this understanding to the broad challenges posed by Ebola and other emerging pathogens, to prevent the international community from being taken by surprise once again in the face of these threats. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
The Politics of Fear by Michiel Hofman,Sokhieng Au Pdf
The 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa was an unprecedented medical and political emergency that cast an unflattering light on multiple corners of government and international response. Fear, not rational planning, appeared to drive many decisions made at population and leadership levels, which in turn brought about a response that was as uneven as it was unprecedented: entire populations were decimated or destroyed, vaccine trials were fast-tracked, health staff died, untested medications were used (or not used) in controversial ways, humanitarian workers returned home to enforced isolation, and military was employed to sometimes disturbing ends. The epidemic revealed serious fault lines at all levels of theory and practice of global public health: national governments were shown to be helpless and unprepared for calamity at this scale; the World Health Organization was roundly condemned for its ineffectiveness; the US quietly created its own African CDC a year after the epidemic began. Amid such chaos, Médecins sans Frontières was forced to act with unprecdented autonomy -- and amid great criticism -- in responding to the disease, taking unprecedented steps in deploying services and advocating for international aid. The Politics of Fear provides a primary documentary resource for recounting and learning from the Ebola epidemic. Comprising eleven topic-based chapters and four eyewitness vignettes from both MSF- and non-MSF-affiliated contributors (all of whom have been given access to MSF Ebola archives from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia for research), it aims to provide a politically agnostic account of the defining health event of the 21st century so far, one that will hopefully inform current opinions and future responses.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Global Health,Committee on Clinical Trials During the 2014-2015 Ebola Outbreak
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Global Health,Committee on Clinical Trials During the 2014-2015 Ebola Outbreak Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 343 pages File Size : 52,5 Mb Release : 2017-07-26 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309457767
Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Global Health,Committee on Clinical Trials During the 2014-2015 Ebola Outbreak Pdf
The 2014â€"2015 Ebola epidemic in western Africa was the longest and most deadly Ebola epidemic in history, resulting in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola virus has been known since 1976, when two separate outbreaks were identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) and South Sudan (then Sudan). However, because all Ebola outbreaks prior to that in West Africa in 2014â€"2015 were relatively isolated and of short duration, little was known about how to best manage patients to improve survival, and there were no approved therapeutics or vaccines. When the World Heath Organization declared the 2014-2015 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern in August 2014, several teams began conducting formal clinical trials in the Ebola affected countries during the outbreak. Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience assesses the value of the clinical trials held during the 2014â€"2015 epidemic and makes recommendations about how the conduct of trials could be improved in the context of a future international emerging or re-emerging infectious disease events.
Understanding West Africas Ebola Epidemic by Ibrahim Abdullah,Ismail Rashid Pdf
From 2013 to 2015, over 11,000 people across West Africa lost their lives to the deadliest outbreak of the Ebola virus in history. Crucially, this epidemic marked the first time the virus was able to spread beyond rural areas to major cities, overturning conventional assumptions about its epidemiology. With backgrounds ranging from development to disease control, the contributors to this volume - some of them based in countries affected by the Ebola epidemic - consider the underlying factors that shaped this unprecedented outbreak. While championing the heroic efforts of local communities and aid workers in halting the spread of the disease, the contributors also reveal deep structural problems in both the countries and humanitarian agencies involved, which hampered the efforts to contain the epidemic. Alarmingly, they show that little has been learned from these events, with health provision remaining underfunded and poorly equipped to deal with future outbreaks. Such issues, they argue, reflect the wider challenges we face in tackling epidemic disease in an increasingly interconnected world.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Publisher : Unknown Page : 120 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 2017 Category : Ebola virus disease ISBN : IND:30000159358963
Ebola in West Africa by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Pdf
Sam F. Halabi,Lawrence O. Gostin,Jeffrey S. Crowley
Author : Sam F. Halabi,Lawrence O. Gostin,Jeffrey S. Crowley Publisher : Oxford University Press Page : 256 pages File Size : 50,5 Mb Release : 2016-09-28 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780190604899
Global Management of Infectious Disease After Ebola by Sam F. Halabi,Lawrence O. Gostin,Jeffrey S. Crowley Pdf
The 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa shocked the world with its devastation and its rapid migration to multiple continents. As the systems meant to respond to this sort of epidemic failed, the disease exposed not just weaknesses in international infectious disease surveillance and management, but the failures of governments, humanitarian organizations, and international institutions to handle the legal, ethical, and economic questions that arose with an event of this scale. GLOBAL MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE AFTER EBOLA unites the insights of Ebola's first responders with those the world's foremost experts in law, economics, vaccine development, and global migration to identify missed opportunities from the Ebola crisis -- and to apply these lessons to emerging infectious disease threats. Framed with critical discussions of both the global health financing infrastructures that precipitated the response and the ethical and human rights dilemmas that resulted from it, this volume is much more than postmortem to an outbreak: it is a vital, sometimes damning examination of where we've been and where we're going in the face of emerging infectious diseases.
Managing the global health response to epidemics by Mathilde Bourrier,Nathalie Brender,Claudine Burton-Jeangros Pdf
Recent epidemics have prompted large-scale international interventions, aimed at mitigating the spread of disease in a globalized world. During a crisis, however, global health actions – including planning and organizing, communicating about risk, and cost–benefit evaluations – aren’t usually part of a single, integrated global response. Arguing that an uncoordinated approach can be challenged by local conditions and expectations, generating a wide range of resistance and difficulties, this volume provides important insights for future outbreak management and global health governance. Drawing on experiences with A(H1N1) and Ebola virus disease, the book is divided into three parts looking at how responses to global health crises have developed, lessons learned from particular pandemics and the ethical implications of our management of them. Individual chapters focus on, among other issues, financing, cost–benefit analysis, matrix management, risk communication and organizational strategies. Taking a social science perspective, this valuable book outlines the current state of global health emergency responses and explores ways in which they can be improved. It is a useful read for academics and practitioners interested in global health, the sociology of health and illness, health economics and emergency management.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations Publisher : Unknown Page : 128 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 2015 Category : Communicable diseases ISBN : STANFORD:36105050680714
Global Efforts to Fight Ebola by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations Pdf
The International Politics of Ebola by Anne Roemer-Mahler,Simon Rushton Pdf
The outbreak of Ebola virus disease that gripped Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone through much of 2014 and 2015 was undoubtedly a health emergency, yet it was also a global political event. This book examines the international politics of the Ebola outbreak in all of its dimensions, critically assessing the global response, examining what the outbreak can tell us about contemporary global health governance, and examining the inequalities and injustices that were laid bare. In doing so, the book shows how some of the concepts, debates and findings from the growing field of global health research in International Relations can help both in furthering understanding of the Ebola crisis and also in improving policy responses to future infectious disease outbreaks. This book was originally published as a special edition of Third World Quarterly.
Subcommittee on African Affairs of the C,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs United States Senate
Author : Subcommittee on African Affairs of the C,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs United States Senate Publisher : CreateSpace Page : 60 pages File Size : 49,9 Mb Release : 2015-05-05 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1512001465
The Ebola Epidemic by Subcommittee on African Affairs of the C,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs United States Senate Pdf
To date, the Ebola outbreak in three West African countries and several others has claimed the lives of more than 6,000 men, women and children that we know of, and has infected nearly three times that many, mostly in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and has claimed the lives of 330 health workers. It is often unsung, unheralded men and women who took to this challenge on the ground. The international community was slow to respond to the outbreak and is still working to catch up, but the U.S. Government has already invested more than $780 million in the Ebola response effort, nearly twice the amount of the next largest donor, and the leadership of President Obama has ensured that members of our Armed Forces and the United States Uniform Public Health Service have been deployed and made available.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 141 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 2016-05-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309381024
Global Health Risk Framework by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy Pdf
Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Workshop on Research and Development of Medical Products are summarized in this report.