The Economic Cost Of Violence Against Women And Girls
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The Economic Cost of Violence Against Women and Girls by Commonwealth Secretariat Pdf
A framework to assess the economic cost of violence against women and girls that captures linkages and secondary effects to assess the full impact of VAWG. Data gathered will be useful for reporting on SDG5 and SDG16, assess national statistical systems, and measure progress across all of the SDGs in a manner that is inclusive and fair.
The Heavy Economic Toll of Gender-based Violence: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa by Rasmane Ouedraogo,Mr. David Stenzel Pdf
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have led to a rise in gender-based violence. In this paper, we explore the economic consequences of violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa using large demographic and health survey data collected pre-pandemic. Relying on a two-stage least square method to address endogeneity, we find that an increase in the share of women subject to violence by 1 percentage point can reduce economic activities (as proxied by nightlights) by up to 8 percent. This economic cost results from a significant drop in female employment. Our results also show that violence against women is more detrimental to economic development in countries without protective laws against domestic violence, in natural resource rich countries, in countries where women are deprived of decision-making power and during economic downturns. Beyond the moral imperative, the findings highlight the importance of combating violence against women from an economic standpoint, particularly by reinforcing laws against domestic violence and strengthening women’s decision-making power.
Global and Regional Estimates of Violence Against Women by Claudia García-Moreno,World Health Organization,Christina Pallitto,Karen Devries,Heidi Stöckl,Charlotte Watts,Naeema Abrahams Pdf
"World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South African Medical Research Council"--Title page.
The Political Economy of Violence against Women by Jacqui True Pdf
Violence against women is a major problem in all countries, affecting women in every socio-economic group and at every life stage. Nowhere in the world do women share equal social and economic rights with men or the same access as men to productive resources. Economic globalization and development are creating new challenges for women's rights as well as some new opportunities for advancing women's economic independence and gender equality. Yet, when women have access to productive resources and they enjoy social and economic rights they are less vulnerable to violence across all societies. The Political Economy of Violence against Women develops a feminist political economy approach to identify the linkages between different forms of violence against women and macro structural processes in strategic local and global sites - from the household to the transnational level. In doing so, it seeks to account for the globally increasing scale and brutality of violence against women. These sites include economic restructuring and men's reaction to the loss of secure employment, the abusive exploitation associated with the transnational migration of women workers, the growth of a sex trade around the creation of free trade zones, the spike in violence against women in financial liberalization and crises, the scourge of sexual violence in armed conflict and post-crisis peacebuilding or reconstruction efforts and the deleterious gendered impacts of natural disasters. Examples are drawn from South Africa, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, China, Ciudad Juarez in Mexico, the Pacific Islands, Argentina, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Haiti, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Iceland.
Author : Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 61 pages File Size : 49,5 Mb Release : 2005 Category : Sexual harassment of women ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Preventing and Responding to Gender-based Violence in Middle and Low-income Countries by Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg Pdf
Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.
National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 192 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 2012-02-09 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309220279
Social and Economic Costs of Violence by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention Pdf
Measuring the social and economic costs of violence can be difficult, and most estimates only consider direct economic effects, such as productivity loss or the use of health care services. Communities and societies feel the effects of violence through loss of social cohesion, financial divestment, and the increased burden on the healthcare and justice systems. Initial estimates show that early violence prevention intervention has economic benefits. The IOM Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to examine the successes and challenges of calculating direct and indirect costs of violence, as well as the potential cost-effectiveness of intervention.
National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 192 pages File Size : 54,6 Mb Release : 2012-03-09 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309220248
Social and Economic Costs of Violence by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Global Violence Prevention Pdf
Measuring the social and economic costs of violence can be difficult, and most estimates only consider direct economic effects, such as productivity loss or the use of health care services. Communities and societies feel the effects of violence through loss of social cohesion, financial divestment, and the increased burden on the healthcare and justice systems. Initial estimates show that early violence prevention intervention has economic benefits. The IOM Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to examine the successes and challenges of calculating direct and indirect costs of violence, as well as the potential cost-effectiveness of intervention.
Public Health in Developing Countries by Edlyne Eze Anugwom,Niyi Awofeso Pdf
Public health entails the use of models, technologies, experience and evidence derived through consumer participation, translational research and population sciences to protect and improve the health of the population. Enhancing public health is of significant importance to the development of a nation, particularly for developing countries where the health care system is underdeveloped, fragile or vulnerable.This book examines progress and challenges with regards to public health in developing countries in two parts: Part 1 “General and Crosscutting Issues in Public Health and Case Studies” and Part 2 “Country-Specific Issues in Public Health.” For example, assuring equity for marginalized indigenous groups and other key populations entails the application of transdisciplinary interventions including legislation, advocacy, financing, empowerment and de-stigmatization. The diverse structural, political, economic, technological, geographical and social landscape of developing countries translates to unique public health challenges, infrastructure and implementation trajectories in addressing issues such as vector-borne diseases and intimate partner violence.This volume will be of interest to researchers, health ministry policy makers, public health professionals and non-governmental organizations whose work entails collaborations with public health systems of developing nations and regions.
Violence against Women and Girls by Jennifer L. Solotaroff,Rohini Prabha Pande Pdf
This report documents the dynamics of violence against women in South Asia across the life cycle, from early childhood to old age. It explores the different types of violence that women may face throughout their lives, as well as the associated perpetrators (male and female), risk and protective factors for both victims and perpetrators, and interventions to address violence across all life cycle stages. The report also analyzes the societal factors that drive the primarily male — but also female — perpetrators to commit violence against women in the region. For each stage and type of violence, the report critically reviews existing research from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, supplemented by original analysis and select literature from outside the region. Policies and programs that address violence against women and girls are analyzed in order to highlight key actors and promising interventions. Finally, the report identifies critical gaps in research, program evaluations, and interventions in order to provide strategic recommendations for policy makers, civil society, and other stakeholders working to mitigate violence against women in South Asia.
Breaking the Links Between Poverty and Violence Against Women by Jane Gurr Pdf
The purpose of Breaking the Links Between Poverty and Violence Against Women: A Resource Guide is to support the efforts of women's groups, community organizations and service agencies to support low-income women to take control of and deal with the poverty and violence in their lives. [...] The authors have tried to ensure that the Guide reflects the diversity of women's experiences of poverty and violence in Canada, and celebrates the energy and resources that low-income women bring to bear in just surviving, in making changes in their lives and in challenging the inequities that affect them. [...] The authors have drawn on testimony and information presented in a range of other publications to reflect the experiences of Aboriginal women, women with disabilities, immigrant and refugee women, women of colour, lesbians and heterosexual women, women living in rural and isolated communities, and women of different ages. [...] We invite you to use the information presented in this Guide, to make copies of the most useful sections and the fact sheets, to discuss the ideas and suggestions with your co-workers and activists. [...] Despite improvements in women's earnings and violence issues is to enhance our understanding and incomes relative to men's, women form the majority of their impact in women's lives and how the interplay of the poor in Canada.
World Report on Violence and Health by World Health Organization Pdf
This report is part of WHO's response to the 49th World Health Assembly held in 1996 which adopted a resolution declaring violence a major and growing public health problem across the world. It is aimed largely at researchers and practitioners including health care workers, social workers, educators and law enforcement officials.
National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Research on Violence Against Women
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Research on Violence Against Women Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 237 pages File Size : 42,9 Mb Release : 1996-06-07 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309175838
Understanding Violence Against Women by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Research on Violence Against Women Pdf
Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem.
Eliminating violence against women globally is now seen as one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. This book introduces a wide readership to the problem of violence against women and girls (VAWG) identified by social movements, researchers, and policymakers. It provides raw material, stories from around the world, macro data, and up-to-date knowledge on the various forms of VAWG. It highlights the intersections of VAWG with several other issues, andsets out the most promising policy and advocacy frameworks to end this violence.
Overcoming Violence Against Women and Girls by Michael L. Penn,Rahel Nardos Pdf
This book provides university students, policy makers, activists, public health workers, clinicians, and lay citizens alike with a vivid overview of the scope of the problem of gender-based violence worldwide, as well as a sense of the important work now underway to eradicate it. An integration of a vast range of data and insights from all the major disciplines that have contributed to our understanding of this problem, this book is invaluable as a classroom text. The authors have been guided throughout this work by the desire to contribute a document that would move the current international discourse along by providing an historical, interdisciplinary overview that is at once critical, constructive, and visionary.
