The Heavy Economic Toll Of Gender Based Violence Evidence From Sub Saharan Africa

Author : Rasmane Ouedraogo,Mr. David Stenzel
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781557754073

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The Heavy Economic Toll of Gender-based Violence: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa by Rasmane Ouedraogo,Mr. David Stenzel Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have led to a rise in gender-based violence. In this paper, we explore the economic consequences of violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa using large demographic and health survey data collected pre-pandemic. Relying on a two-stage least square method to address endogeneity, we find that an increase in the share of women subject to violence by 1 percentage point can reduce economic activities (as proxied by nightlights) by up to 8 percent. This economic cost results from a significant drop in female employment. Our results also show that violence against women is more detrimental to economic development in countries without protective laws against domestic violence, in natural resource rich countries, in countries where women are deprived of decision-making power and during economic downturns. Beyond the moral imperative, the findings highlight the importance of combating violence against women from an economic standpoint, particularly by reinforcing laws against domestic violence and strengthening women’s decision-making power.

Author : Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Sexual harassment of women
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Preventing and Responding to Gender-based Violence in Middle and Low-income Countries by Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg Pdf

Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.

Author : Obert Bernard Mlambo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1161 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031407543

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The Palgrave Handbook of Violence in Africa by Obert Bernard Mlambo Pdf

Author : Ashwanee Budoo-Scholtz,Adetokunbo Johnson
Publisher : Pretoria University Law Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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COVID-19 and women’s intersectionalities in Africa by Ashwanee Budoo-Scholtz,Adetokunbo Johnson Pdf

COVID-19 has become one of the most severe issues dominating discussions on the agendas of states globally, and across the African continent, since its emergence in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has regrettably brought into sharp focus the continued multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination faced by women and girls in Africa because of their intersecting identities. Yet, paradoxically, although African women are disproportionately affected by the crisis, they are largely invisible in the responses. Several African states and governments have taken different policy measures in response to the pandemic. These responses have taken different dimensions, including shutting down economies, imposition of lockdowns, coercive quarantine measures with police enforcement and criminal consequences for offenders violating these rules. Unfortunately, these responses have reinforced and amplified women’s disproportionate disadvantage and gender inequalities in Africa. Against this backdrop, this book asks the intersectional question about women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Applying an intersectional human rights lens involves questioning how the intersecting identities that African women embody affect their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-05-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400238826

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Kingdom of Eswatini by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

Eswatini is at an important juncture as the authorities seek to address long-standing macroeconomic challenges in a shock-prone environment. While Eswatini has endured the pandemic and successive shocks from international commodity prices, fiscal and external buffers are low. Addressing long-standing macroeconomic imbalances—stemming mainly from fiscal overruns—remains a critical priority. Government efforts in this area have already begun but will need to be sustained over the medium-term. In tandem, shifting from a state-led to a private sector and export-led growth model will be essential to achieve higher and sustained levels of inclusive growth necessary for poverty reduction. Focused efforts to address the underlying causes of recent civil unrest, together with concerted efforts to tackle gaps in governance, are also needed.

Author : Salman Nazir
Publisher : AHFE International
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781958651681

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Human Factors in Management and Leadership by Salman Nazir Pdf

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023), July 20–24, 2023, San Francisco, USA

Author : Can Sever
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400217173

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Legal Gender Equality as a Catalyst for Convergence by Can Sever Pdf

The unequal treatment of women in the law is one of the most visible forms of gender inequality. Prevalent legal constraints on the basis of gender prevent women, and thereby economies, from reaching their true potential. In this regard, this paper (i) documents the evolution of gender discriminatory laws around the globe, and (ii) sheds light on the role of legal gender equality in income convergence across countries. It shows that despite the remarkable progress toward gender equality in the law over the last five decades, the legal environment across the world is still far from providing a level playing field for women. Moreover, cross-country gaps in gender discriminatory laws have persisted and even widened over the years, meaning that some countries have lagged behind the progress in repealing the laws that act as a barrier to women’s economic inclusion. Based on a global sample since the 1970s, this paper finds that greater gender equality in the law facilitates cross-country income convergence over time. The results call for action and provide a reason to be optimistic going forward. They imply that legal reforms supportive of gender equality, which could indeed be actionable in the shorter term, help poorer countries catch up with the living standards in the advanced economies. These offer a window of opportunity in the post-Covid-19 period, given the adverse effects of the pandemic on economic growth and gender gaps.

Author : Rishi Goyal,Ms. Ratna Sahay
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9798400257247

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Integrating Gender Into the IMF’s Work by Rishi Goyal,Ms. Ratna Sahay Pdf

This note argues that the IMF is filling a critical gap by integrating gender issues into it work. It makes the case that (i) closing gender gaps is critical for economies because they lead to underdevelopment, underutilization, and misallocation of productive human resources; and (ii) applying a gender lens to macroeconomic, financial, and structural policy design can narrow gender gaps and result in improved economic outcomes. This Note complements this argument by providing an overview of gender gaps in opportunities, outcomes, and representation; taking stock of how these gaps impact macroeconomic and financial outcomes; and identifying which polices can narrow gender gaps. It explains how narrowing gender gaps can benefit societies and outline steps countries can take to unleash the economic gains from gender equality.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-04-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781464819452

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Women, Business and the Law 2023 by World Bank Pdf

Women, Business and the Law 2023 is the ninth in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies.The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. The 2023 edition identifies barriers to women’s economic participation and encourages reform of discriminatory laws. This year, the study also includes research, a literature review, and analysis of 53 years of reforms for women’s rights. Examining the economic decisions that women make throughout their working lives as well as tracking regulatory changes from 1970 to today, the study makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic opportunities. By presenting powerful examples of change and highlighting the gaps still remaining, Women, Business and the Law 2023 is a vital tool in ensuring economic empowerment for all. Data in Women, Business and the Law 2023 are current as of October 1, 2022.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400263507

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Interim Guidance Note on Mainstreaming Gender at The IMF by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Pdf

This interim note provides general guidance on the operationalization of the IMF’s Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender. It offers a comprehensive overview of how IMF staff can integrate macrocritical gender issues into the IMF’s core areas of surveillance, lending, and capacity development. Key topics include i) identifying and assessing macrocritical gender gaps; ii) the “light touch” and “deep dive” approaches; iii) early insights on integrating gender into IMF-supported programs; iv) capacity development on gender or with a gender lens; v) synergies with other workstreams and vi) the importance of collaboration. It also includes summaries and links to relevant tools, databases, IMF staff reports, and relevant literature.

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400245312

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South Africa by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

South Africa’s strong economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is petering out. Growth moderated from 4.9 percent in 2021 to 2.0 percent in 2022 as the country was buffeted by Russia’s war in Ukraine, global monetary policy tightening, severe floods, and an unprecedented domestic energy crisis. Inflation rose above the target band though inflation expectations remained anchored. The current account moved back into a deficit after a temporary commodity-price driven surplus.

Author : Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031533334

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Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Africa by Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo Pdf

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400272165

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West African Economic and Monetary Union by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

West African Economic and Monetary Union: Selected Issues

Author : Kate Grantham,Gillian Dowie,Arjan de Haan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000340341

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Women's Economic Empowerment by Kate Grantham,Gillian Dowie,Arjan de Haan Pdf

This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821369203

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Gender and Economic Growth in Kenya by Anonim Pdf

This book examines the legal, administrative, and regulatory barriers that are preventing women in Kenya from contributing fully to the Kenyan economy. Building on the 2004 FIAS Improving the Commercial Legal Framework and Removing Administrative and Regulatory Barriers to Investment report, this study looks at the bureaucratic barriers facing women in Kenya through a gender lens.