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Author : Keith Norris,John Ernest Vaizey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:757012639
Author : Keith Norris,John Vaizey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351163781
Originally published in 1973 this book applies economic analysis to scientific research and to industrial reserch and development and analyses the interactions between these activities and economic activities in general. The book begins by looking at the relationships between science and technology and then: Analyses research and development in manufacturing industry Explains the different levels of expenditure in research and development in different industries and the role of such expenditure in the growth of firms Looks at the distribution of science and technology expenditure Discusses the international transfer of technology The book draws on evidence from several fields of study and imposes a theme upon the variety of evidence.
Author : M.P. Feldman,Albert N. Link,Donald S. Siegel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461509813
Science and technology have long been regarded as important determinants of economic growth. Edwin Mansfield (1971, pp. 1- 2), a pioneer in the economics of technological change, noted: Technological change is an important, if not the most important, factor responsible for economic growth . . . without question, [it] is one of the most important determinants of the shape and evolution of the American economy. Science and technology are even more important in the "new economy," with its greater emphasis on the role of intellectual property and knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is unfortunate that most individuals rarely have the opportunity to explore the economic implications of science and technology. As a result, the antecedents and consequences of technological change are poorly understood by many in the general public. This lack of understanding is reflected in a recent survey conducted by the National Science Board (2000), summarized in Science & Engineering Indicators. ' As shown in Table 1. 1, the findings of the survey indicated that many Americans, despite a high level of interests in such matters, are not as well-informed about technological issues as they are about other policy issues. As shown in the table, individuals self assess, based on a scale from 1 to 100, their interest in science and technology policy issues as being relatively high, yet they self assess their knowledge or informedness about these issues relatively lower.
Author : Gregory Tassey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1997-11-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780313370434
Industry officials and government policymakers have for some time decried the lack of a framework for establishing and defending Research and Development (R&D) policies. Effective policy requires an understanding of the underlying economics. This book offers models and analysis of the economic elements that drive technology-based growth with emphasis on their implications for policy analysis. It also compares existing U.S. policies with those used in Europe and Japan. The results of these models and analysis is a framework for matching various forms of underinvestment with efficient strategic and policy responses. This market-failure based approach enables industry and government R&D initiatives to be developed, analyzed, and implemented with greater success than previously attained. The first part of the book analyzes economic trends to show how they are affected by technological change and the evolving nature of foreign competition. R&D spending patterns are studied to identify and characterize market failures that prevent adequate private-sector investments in technology. A model is presented for a typical technology-based industry. The second part looks at specific technologies and policies that impact R&D investment and that have been the subject of intense policy debate.
Author : Philippe Larédo,Philippe Mustar
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2001-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1782543007
'The book is quite valuable, with its broad international coverage of state activities in the area of research and innovation support. It should also foster serious debates on the balance between public and private efforts in research and innovation.' - Mats Benner, Journal of Economic Literature '. . . this book provides the reader with a valuable summary of national public policy approaches to research and innovation at the end of the twentieth century and is a useful addition to the shelves of industrial policy experts.' - David Gray, Entrepreneurship and Innovation The book analyses the evolution of research and innovation policies in the world's leading countries. The last decade has witnessed a radical transformation of the landscape shaped after World War II, as described in the seminal collection edited by Richard Nelson in the early 1990s. Even though national systems have inherited different institutional arrangements and trajectories, analyses show three major converging trends in their public policies. There has been a retraction from support to large firms and programmes and a shift toward small to medium enterprises and the innovation infrastructure; the focus on public research and training capabilities is growing; and there has been a redesign of public intervention with the growing role of regions and states on one hand and multinational authorities on the other, particularly in the European Union.
Author : Ashish Arora,Andrea Fosfuri,Alfonso Gambardella
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262261364
The past two decades have seen a gradual but noticeable change in the economic organization of innovative activity. Most firms used to integrate research and development with activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Today firms are forming joint ventures, research and development alliances, licensing deals, and a variety of other outsourcing arrangements with universities, technology-based start-ups, and other established firms. In many industries, a division of innovative labor is emerging, with a substantial increase in the licensing of existing and prospective technologies. In short, technology and knowledge are becoming definable and tradable commodities. Although researchers have made significant advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of innovation, until recently they have paid little attention to how innovation functions as an economic process. This book examines the nature and workings of markets for intermediate technological inputs. It looks first at how industry structure, the nature of knowledge, and intellectual property rights facilitate the development of technology markets. It then examines the impacts of these markets on firm boundaries, the division of labor within the economy, industry structure, and economic growth. Finally, it examines the implications of this framework for public policy and corporate strategy. Combining theoretical perspectives from economics and management with empirical analysis, the book also draws on historical evidence and case studies to flesh out its research results.
Author : Bronwyn H. Hall
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Research
ISBN : 1783473452
"An Elgar Research Collection"--Title page.
Author : M.P. Feldman,Albert N. Link
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461516897
Scholars in the science and technology field have not collectively questioned, much less proposed, an agenda for policy makers. Now is an appropriate time for such an undertaking. First, there is a growing belief that the U.S. national research and development system, like that of many industrial nations, is changing due to global competitive pressures and advancements in information technology and electronic commerce. Second, industry's R&D relationship with the academic research community is changing not only because of the global competition but also because of alterations in the level of government support of fundamental research. As a result, policy makers will need to rethink their approaches to science and technology issues. This volume is a collection of essays by scholars about innovative policy in the knowledge-based economy. By knowledge-based economy we mean one for which economic growth is based on the creation, distribution, and use of technology. As such, innovation policy in such an economy must enhance the creation, distribution, and use of knowledge that leads to the creation, distribution, and use of technology. This volume considers elements of an innovation policy: innovation policy and academic research, innovation policy in electronic commerce, and innovation policy and globalization issues.
Author : David C. Mowery,Nathan Rosenberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1991-07-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521389364
Technology's contribution to economic growth and competitiveness has been the subject of vigorous debate in recent years. This book demonstrates the importance of a historical perspective in understanding the role of technological innovation in the economy. The authors examine key episodes and institutions in the development of the U.S. research system and in the development of the research systems of other industrial economies. They argue that the large potential contributions of economics to the understanding of technology and economic growth have been constrained by the narrow theoretical framework employed within neoclassical economies. A richer framework, they believe, will support a more fruitful dialogue among economists, policymakers, and managers on the organization of public and private institutions for innovation. David Mowery is Associate Professor of Business and Public Policy at the School of Business Administration, University of California, Berkeley. Nathan S. Rosenberg is Fairleigh Dickinson Professor of Economics at Stanford University. He is the author of Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (CUP, 1983).
Author : Keith Norris
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 059819875X
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of Special Projects Policy Division,National Forum on Science and Technology Goals,Committee on Harnessing Science and Technology for America's Economic Future
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1999-08-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309065382
This book is largely based on a 1998 forum where participants from across America discussed ways to improve the utilization of science and technology for economic growth over the next several decades. A steering committee of prominent Americans, co-chaired by SEMATECH Chairman William Spencer and former Pennsylvania Governor and U.S. Attorney General Dick Thornburgh, developed consensus recommendations from the forum input. Harnessing Science and Technology for America's Economic Future puts forward long-term goals for the nation and associated action items. It includes background papers and talks from the forum, covers the economics of science and technology-based growth, industry trends, the role of government, education, research universities, and the international context.
Author : Aleksei V. Bogoviz,Alexander E. Suglobov,Alexandr N. Maloletko,Olga V. Kaurova,Svetlana V. Lobova
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1072 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030578312
This book is the very first book-length study devoted to the advances in technological development and systems research in cooperative economics. The chapters provide, first of all, a coherent framework for understanding and applying the concepts and approaches of complexity and systems science for the advanced study of cooperative networks and particular cooperative enterprises and communities. Second, the book serves as a unique source of reliable information on the frontier information technologies available for the production, consumer, credit, and agricultural cooperative enterprises, discussing predominant strategies, potential drivers of change, and responses to complex problems. Given the diverse range of backgrounds and advanced research results, researchers, decision-makers, and stakeholders from all fields of cooperative economics in any country of the world will undoubtedly benefit from this book.
Author : Hal R. Varian,Joseph Farrell,Carl Shapiro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2004-12-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781139456722
The Economics of Information Technology is a concise and accessible review of some of the important economic factors affecting information technology industries. These industries are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs of production, large switching costs for users, and strong network effects. These factors combine to produce some unique behavior. The book consists of two parts. In the first part, Professor Varian outlines the basic economics of these industries. In the second part, Professors Farrell and Shapiro describe the impact of these factors on competition policy. The clarity of the analysis and exposition makes this an ideal introduction for undergraduate and graduate students in economics, business strategy, law and related areas.
Author : Sara Amoroso,Albert N. Link,Mike Wright
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030309633
This book is the first collection of scholarly writings on science and technology parks (STPs) that has an international perspective. It explores concrete ways to systematically collect information on public and private organizations related to their support of and activities in STPs, including incubation to start-up and scale-up, and collaborations with centers of knowledge creation. Rather than perpetuate the qualitative assessment of successful practices, the focus of this book is to present quantitative and qualitative evidence of the impact of STPs on regional development and to raise awareness on the importance of systematic data collection and analysis. Only through a systematic collection of data on fiscal identification numbers of companies, universities, and university spin-offs will it be possible to conduct current and especially future analyses on the impact of STPs on entrepreneurship, effectiveness of technology transfer, and regional economic development. To this extent, the synergistic views of academics, representatives from STPs, and policy experts are crucial.
Author : Marco Vivarelli
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105009806394
The impact of technical change on employment is investigated in this book which offers a critical appraisal of how current economic theory addresses this key policy issue.
