The Epistemic Innocence Of Irrational Beliefs

The Epistemic Innocence Of Irrational Beliefs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of The Epistemic Innocence Of Irrational Beliefs book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs

Lisa Bortolotti
The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198863984

Get Book

The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs by Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

In an ideal world, our beliefs would satisfy norms of truth and rationality, as well as foster the acquisition, retention, and use of other relevant information. In reality, we have limited cognitive capacities and are subject to motivational biases on an everyday basis. We may also experience impairments in perception, memory, learning, and reasoning in the course of our lives. Such limitations and impairments give rise to distorted memory beliefs, confabulated explanations, and beliefs that are elaborated delusional, motivated delusional, or optimistically biased. In this book, Lisa Bortolotti argues that some irrational beliefs qualify as epistemically innocent, where, in some contexts, the adoption, maintenance, or reporting of the beliefs delivers significant epistemic benefits that could not be easily attained otherwise. Epistemic innocence does not imply that the epistemic benefits of the irrational belief outweigh its epistemic costs, yet it clarifies the relationship between the epistemic and psychological effects of irrational beliefs on agency. It is misleading to assume that epistemic rationality and psychological adaptiveness always go hand-in-hand, but also that there is a straight-forward trade-off between them. Rather, epistemic irrationality can lead to psychological adaptiveness, which in turn can support the attainment of epistemic goals. Recognising the circumstances in which irrational beliefs enhance or restore epistemic performance informs our mutual interactions and enables us to take measures to reduce their irrationality without undermining the conditions for epistemic success.

Delusions and Other Irrational Beliefs

Lisa Bortolotti
Delusions and Other Irrational Beliefs Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199206162

Get Book

Delusions and Other Irrational Beliefs by Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

The book is an interdisciplinary exploration of the nature of delusions. It brings together recent work in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology and psychiatry, offering a comprehensive review of the philosophical issues raised by the psychology of normal and abnormal cognition.

The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs

Lisa Bortolotti
The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192609441

Get Book

The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs by Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

In an ideal world, our beliefs would satisfy norms of truth and rationality, as well as foster the acquisition, retention, and use of other relevant information. In reality, we have limited cognitive capacities and are subject to motivational biases on an everyday basis. We may also experience impairments in perception, memory, learning, and reasoning in the course of our lives. Such limitations and impairments give rise to distorted memory beliefs, confabulated explanations, and beliefs that are elaborated delusional, motivated delusional, or optimistically biased. In this book, Lisa Bortolotti argues that some irrational beliefs qualify as epistemically innocent, where, in some contexts, the adoption, maintenance, or reporting of the beliefs delivers significant epistemic benefits that could not be easily attained otherwise. Epistemic innocence does not imply that the epistemic benefits of the irrational belief outweigh its epistemic costs, yet it clarifies the relationship between the epistemic and psychological effects of irrational beliefs on agency. It is misleading to assume that epistemic rationality and psychological adaptiveness always go hand-in-hand, but also that there is a straight-forward trade-off between them. Rather, epistemic irrationality can lead to psychological adaptiveness, which in turn can support the attainment of epistemic goals. Recognising the circumstances in which irrational beliefs enhance or restore epistemic performance informs our mutual interactions and enables us to take measures to reduce their irrationality without undermining the conditions for epistemic success.

Seemings and Justification

Chris Tucker
Seemings and Justification Book PDF

Author : Chris Tucker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199899494

Get Book

Seemings and Justification by Chris Tucker Pdf

The primary aim of this book is to understand how seemings relate to justification and whether some version of dogmatism or phenomenal conservatism can be sustained. It also addresses a number of other issues, including the nature of seemings, cognitive penetration, Bayesianism, and the epistemology of morality and disagreement.

Reasoning

Magdalena Balcerak Jackson
Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Magdalena Balcerak Jackson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-02
Category : Reasoning
ISBN : 9780198791478

Get Book

Reasoning by Magdalena Balcerak Jackson Pdf

Philosophers have always recognized the value of reason, but the process of reasoning itself has only recently begun to emerge as a philosophical topic in its own right. Is reasoning a distinctive kind of mental process? If so, what is its nature? How does reasoning differ from merely freely associating thoughts? What is the relationship between reasoning about what to believe and reasoning about how to act? Is reasoning itself something you do, or something that happens to you? And what is the value of reasoning? Are there rules for good or correct reasoning and, if so, what are they like? Does good reasoning always lead to justified belief or rational action? Is there more than one way to reason correctly from your evidence? This volume comprises twelve new essays by leading researchers in the philosophy of reasoning that together address these questions and many more, and explore the connections between them.

Understanding Ignorance

Daniel R. DeNicola
Understanding Ignorance Book PDF

Author : Daniel R. DeNicola
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262036443

Get Book

Understanding Ignorance by Daniel R. DeNicola Pdf

Ignorance is trending. Politicians boast, "I'm not a scientist." Angry citizens object to a proposed state motto because it is in Latin, and "This is America, not Mexico or Latin America." Lack of experience, not expertise, becomes a credential. Fake news and repeated falsehoods are accepted and shape firm belief. Ignorance about American government and history is so alarming that the ideal of an informed citizenry now seems quaint. Conspiracy theories and false knowledge thrive. This may be the Information Age, but we do not seem to be well informed. In this book, philosopher Daniel DeNicola explores ignorance -- its abundance, its endurance, and its consequences.

Delusions in Context

Lisa Bortolotti
Delusions in Context Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3319972014

Get Book

Delusions in Context by Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

This open access book offers an exploration of delusions—unusual beliefs that can significantly disrupt people’s lives. Experts from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, including lived experience, clinical psychiatry, philosophy, clinical psychology, and cognitive neuroscience, discuss how delusions emerge, why it is so difficult to give them up, what their effects are, how they are managed, and what we can do to reduce the stigma associated with them. Taken as a whole, the book proposes that there is continuity between delusions and everyday beliefs. It is essential reading for researchers working on delusions and mental health more generally, and will also appeal to anybody who wants to gain a better understanding of what happens when the way we experience and interpret the world is different from that of the people around us.

Thinking about Oneself

Kristina Musholt
Thinking about Oneself Book PDF

Author : Kristina Musholt
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262029209

Get Book

Thinking about Oneself by Kristina Musholt Pdf

A novel theory of self-consciousness and its development that integrates philosophical considerations with recent findings in the empirical sciences. In this book, Kristina Musholt offers a novel theory of self-consciousness, understood as the ability to think about oneself. Traditionally, self-consciousness has been central to many philosophical theories. More recently, it has become the focus of empirical investigation in psychology and neuroscience. Musholt draws both on philosophical considerations and on insights from the empirical sciences to offer a new account of self-consciousness—the ability to think about ourselves that is at the core of what makes us human. Examining theories of nonconceptual content developed in recent work in the philosophy of cognition, Musholt proposes a model for the gradual transition from self-related information implicit in the nonconceptual content of perception and other forms of experience to the explicit representation of the self in conceptual thought. A crucial part of this model is an analysis of the relationship between self-consciousness and intersubjectivity. Self-consciousness and awareness of others, Musholt argues, are two sides of the same coin. After surveying the philosophical problem of self-consciousness, the notion of nonconceptual content, and various proposals for the existence of nonconceptual self-consciousness, Musholt argues for a non-self-representationalist theory, according to which the self is not part of the representational content of perception and bodily awareness but part of the mode of presentation. She distinguishes between implicitly self-related information and explicit self-representation, and describes the transitions from the former to the latter as arising from a complex process of self–other differentiation. By this account, both self-consciousness and intersubjectivity develop in parallel.

Irrationality

Lisa Bortolotti
Irrationality Book PDF

Author : Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780745687278

Get Book

Irrationality by Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

We talk about irrationality when behaviour defies explanation or prediction, when decisions are driven by emotions or instinct rather than by reflection, when reasoning fails to conform to basic principles of logic and probability, and when beliefs lack coherence or empirical support. Depending on the context, agents exhibiting irrational behaviour may be described as foolish, ignorant, unwise or even insane. In this clear and engaging introduction to current debates on irrationality, Lisa Bortolotti presents the many facets of the concept and offers an original account of the importance of judgements of irrationality as value judgements. The book examines the standards against which we measure human behaviour, and reviews the often serious implications of judgements of irrationality for ethics and policy. Bortolotti argues that we should adopt a more critical stance towards accepted standards of rationality in the light of the often surprising outcomes of philosophical inquiry and cognitive science research into decision making. Irrationality is an accessible guide to the concept and will be essential reading for students and scholars interested in the limitations of human cognition and human agency.

Cognitive Phenomenology

Elijah Chudnoff
Cognitive Phenomenology Book PDF

Author : Elijah Chudnoff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-04-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317676850

Get Book

Cognitive Phenomenology by Elijah Chudnoff Pdf

Phenomenology is about subjective aspects of the mind, such as the conscious states associated with vision and touch, and the conscious states associated with emotions and moods, such as feelings of elation or sadness. These states have a distinctive first-person ‘feel’ to them, called their phenomenal character. In this respect they are often taken to be radically different from mental states and processes associated with thought. This is the first book to fully question this orthodoxy and explore the prospects of cognitive phenomenology, applying phenomenology to the study of thought and cognition. Does cognition have its own phenomenal character? Can introspection tell us either way? If consciousness flows in an unbroken ‘stream’ as William James argued, how might a punctuated sequence of thoughts fit into it? Elijah Chudnoff begins with a clarification of the nature of the debate about cognitive phenomenology and the network of concepts and theses that are involved in it. He then examines the following topics: introspection and knowledge of our own thoughts phenomenal contrast arguments the value of consciousness the temporal structure of experience the holistic character of experience and the interdependence of sensory and cognitive states the relationship between phenomenal character and mental representation. Including chapter summaries, annotated further reading, and a glossary, this book is essential reading for anyone seeking a clear and informative introduction to and assessment of cognitive phenomenology, whether philosophy student or advanced researcher. It will also be valuable reading for those in related subjects such as philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology and epistemology.

Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience

Matthew Broome,Lisa Bortolotti
Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Matthew Broome,Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105124184669

Get Book

Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience by Matthew Broome,Lisa Bortolotti Pdf

'Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience' is a philosophical analysis of the study of psychpathology, considering how cognitive neuroscience has been applied in psychiatry. The text examines many neuroscientific methods, such as neuroimaging, and a variety of psychiatric disorders, including depression, and schizophrenia.

Illusionism

Keith Frankish
Illusionism Book PDF

Author : Keith Frankish
Publisher : Andrews UK Limited
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781845409661

Get Book

Illusionism by Keith Frankish Pdf

Illusionism is the view that phenomenal consciousness (in the philosophers' sense) is an illusion. This book is a reprint of a special issue of the Journal of Consciousness Studies devoted to this topic. It takes the form of a target paper by the editor, followed by commentaries from various thinkers, including leading defenders of the theory such as Daniel Dennett, Nicholas Humphrey, Derk Pereboom and Georges Rey. A number of disciplines are represented and different viewpoints are discussed and defended. The colleciton is tied together with a response to the commentaries from the editor.

Degrees of Belief

Franz Huber,Christoph Schmidt-Petri
Degrees of Belief Book PDF

Author : Franz Huber,Christoph Schmidt-Petri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008-12-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402091988

Get Book

Degrees of Belief by Franz Huber,Christoph Schmidt-Petri Pdf

This anthology is the first book to give a balanced overview of the competing theories of degrees of belief. It also explicitly relates these debates to more traditional concerns of the philosophy of language and mind and epistemic logic.

The Epistemic Role of Consciousness

Declan Smithies
The Epistemic Role of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Declan Smithies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199917679

Get Book

The Epistemic Role of Consciousness by Declan Smithies Pdf

What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief about ourselves and the world around us. On this view, unconscious beings cannot form justified beliefs and so they cannot know anything at all. Consciousness is the ultimate basis of all knowledge and epistemic justification. Smithies builds a sustained argument for the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness which draws on a range of considerations in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. His position combines two key claims. The first is phenomenal mentalism, which says that epistemic justification is determined by the phenomenally individuated facts about your mental states. The second is accessibilism, which says that epistemic justification is luminously accessible in the sense that you're always in a position to know which beliefs you have epistemic justification to hold. Smithies integrates these two claims into a unified theory of epistemic justification, which he calls phenomenal accessibilism. The book is divided into two parts, which converge on this theory of epistemic justification from opposite directions. Part 1 argues from the bottom up by drawing on considerations in the philosophy of mind about the role of consciousness in mental representation, perception, cognition, and introspection. Part 2 argues from the top down by arguing from general principles in epistemology about the nature of epistemic justification. These mutually reinforcing arguments form the basis for a unified theory of the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness, one that bridges the gap between epistemology and philosophy of mind.

Philosophy of Psychedelics

Chris Letheby
Philosophy of Psychedelics Book PDF

Author : Chris Letheby
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780192581099

Get Book

Philosophy of Psychedelics by Chris Letheby Pdf

Recent clinical trials show that psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin can be given safely in controlled conditions, and can cause lasting psychological benefits with one or two administrations. Supervised psychedelic sessions can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and addiction, and improve well-being in healthy volunteers, for months or even years. But these benefits seem to be mediated by "mystical" experiences of cosmic consciousness, which prompts a philosophical concern: do psychedelics cause psychological benefits by inducing false or implausible beliefs about the metaphysical nature of reality? This book is the first scholarly monograph in English devoted to the philosophical analysis of psychedelic drugs. Its central focus is the apparent conflict between the growing use of psychedelics in psychiatry and the philosophical worldview of naturalism. Within the book, Letheby integrates empirical evidence and philosophical considerations in the service of a simple conclusion: this "Comforting Delusion Objection" to psychedelic therapy fails. While exotic metaphysical ideas do sometimes come up, they are not, on closer inspection, the central driver of change in psychedelic therapy. Psychedelics lead to lasting benefits by altering the sense of self, and changing how people relate to their own minds and lives-not by changing their beliefs about the ultimate nature of reality. The upshot is that a traditional conception of psychedelics as agents of insight and spirituality can be reconciled with naturalism (the philosophical position that the natural world is all there is). Controlled psychedelic use can lead to genuine forms of knowledge gain and spiritual growth-even if no Cosmic Consciousness or transcendent divine Reality exists. Philosophy of Psychedelics is an indispensable guide to the literature for researchers already engaged in the field of psychedelic psychiatry, and for researchers-especially philosophers-who want to become acquainted with this increasingly topical field.