The Face Of Corruption In Kenya And The Possible Power Of International Civil Society Interference

Author : Jürgen Schröder
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640422845

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The Face of Corruption in Kenya and the Possible Power of International Civil Society Interference by Jürgen Schröder Pdf

Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, language: English, abstract: The structure of Kenyan society is analyzed according to how it favours corruption and how this might be broken up by the intervention of the powers of the international civil society. There is growing consensus that the underlying cause for Africa's underdevelopment is a crisis of governance (Wanyama, 2002: 2), rather than the colonial heritage. Also for Kenya a lack of good governance is seen as one of the major causes of the slow pace of human development or even its decline, as in the 1980s and 1990s (UNDP, 2003: XIII). The Kenyan Human Development Index (HDI) - a composite of the indices of education attainment, life expectancy and standard of living - rose steady between 1975 and 1990 but then started to decline. The late 70s and early 80s saw not only a reasonable provision of basic services but also a quite good economic performance. The downward trend in the 90s was due to the non-growing economy, less access to basic services, corruption and an increased vulnerability of the population (UNDP, 2003: 9). Corruption is named as the most prominent factor of the problem as it endangers the success of any economic reforms already from the roots. Also authoritarian government is a decisive co-variable increasing the risks for development, as the political context already is a major obstacle for any project (Ake, 1996). This is valid not only for economical projects but also for those aiming at improving the human rights situation and strengthening democracy. This effect became also visible in Kenya in various electoral situations. Instead of strengthening the democratic climate the ruling factions relied on stirring up tribal rivalries, bringing about more division, hostility and intolerance to their nations instead of political progress (Nyong'o, 2002). The corrupt and authoritarian rule also results in unfair distribution of the

Author : Jürgen Schröder
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2009-09-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783640425860

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The face of corruption in Kenya and the possible power of international civil society interference by Jürgen Schröder Pdf

Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, , language: English, abstract: The structure of Kenyan society is analyzed according to how it favours corruption and how this might be broken up by the intervention of the powers of the international civil society. There is growing consensus that the underlying cause for Africa's underdevelopment is a crisis of governance (Wanyama, 2002: 2), rather than the colonial heritage. Also for Kenya a lack of good governance is seen as one of the major causes of the slow pace of human development or even its decline, as in the 1980s and 1990s (UNDP, 2003: XIII). The Kenyan Human Development Index (HDI) - a composite of the indices of education attainment, life expectancy and standard of living – rose steady between 1975 and 1990 but then started to decline. The late 70s and early 80s saw not only a reasonable provision of basic services but also a quite good economic performance. The downward trend in the 90s was due to the non-growing economy, less access to basic services, corruption and an increased vulnerability of the population (UNDP, 2003: 9). Corruption is named as the most prominent factor of the problem as it endangers the success of any economic reforms already from the roots. Also authoritarian government is a decisive co-variable increasing the risks for development, as the political context already is a major obstacle for any project (Ake, 1996). This is valid not only for economical projects but also for those aiming at improving the human rights situation and strengthening democracy. This effect became also visible in Kenya in various electoral situations. Instead of strengthening the democratic climate the ruling factions relied on stirring up tribal rivalries, bringing about more division, hostility and intolerance to their nations instead of political progress (Nyong'o, 2002). The corrupt and authoritarian rule also results in unfair distribution of the resources available inside the country as well as of those obtained from the international community. The ruling elites are mainly interested only to secure their position by bringing their followers into the state-service and also foster their private wealth. So the bureaucracy is extending tremendously and also the funds are channeled outside the countries to private accounts. Additionally many development projects are just designed to satisfy certain groups like tribes or regions, but are not really useful in the overall context of the country. [...]

Author : Tony Cole
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041159281

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The Roles of Psychology in International Arbitration by Tony Cole Pdf

The system of international arbitration is built on private contractual relations, yet has been endorsed by governments around the world as a fair and reliable alternative to litigation in State courts. As a private process, however, its authority and legitimacy derive entirely from the views and actions of those involved in the arbitral process, whether arbitrators, counsel, or parties. It is, though increasingly clear that psychological factors complicate, and in some cases radically change, every arbitral proceeding. In this context, psychological insights are crucial for understanding how international arbitration genuinely operates, and whether the legal framework currently applied to it is well-suited to achieving the aims of ensuring a fair and reliable dispute resolution procedure. This is the first book to focus on this important issue: the insights into international arbitration that can be gained from contemporary psychology. With contributions from nineteen internationally known figures in their fields – arbitrators, mediators, lawyers, law professors, psychology professors, psychologists – and drawing from a longer term project on the role of psychology in arbitration, this ground-breaking volume addresses a range of topics, including the following: - the decision-making processes of arbitrators; - the ability of arbitration to serve as a genuine dispute resolution mechanism; - the impact of particular procedures on the arbitral process; - bias, self-deception and vested interests in judgment and decision-making; - the role of arbitrators in managing the arbitral process; - cultural differences in the evaluation of arguments; - psychological influences on witness testimony; - the impact of tribunal composition on arbitral decision-making; - the influence of arbitration’s professional context on arbitrators and legal counsel; and - methods for arbitrators and legal counsel to more effectively manage the arbitral process. Informed by the behavioural insights in these essays, counsel and arbitrators will be enabled to think critically about the underlying assumptions and the potential behavioural effects of a prospective arbitration, while individuals researching arbitration will gain a greater understanding of the psychological context in which every arbitration occurs. This book meets the increasingly recognized need for understanding the role of psychology in arbitral proceedings, and forms an indispensable foundation for subsequent work in this area. Its innovative and forward-thinking analysis will be of immeasurable value to the international arbitration community, as well as to institutions supporting arbitration and to academics in the field.

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Author : Alina Mungiu-Pippidi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105212634146

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Contextual Choices in Fighting Corruption by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Pdf

Author : J. Edgardo Campos,Sanjay Pradhan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2007-04-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821367269

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The Many Faces of Corruption by J. Edgardo Campos,Sanjay Pradhan Pdf

Corruption... How can policymakers and practitioners better comprehend the many forms and shapes that this socialpandemic takes? From the delivery of essential drugs, the reduction in teacher absenteeism, the containment of illegal logging, the construction of roads, the provision of water andelectricity, the international trade in oil and gas, the conduct of public budgeting and procurement, and the management of public revenues, corruption shows its many faces. 'The Many Faces of Corruption' attempts to bring greater clarity to the often murky manifestations of this virulent and debilitating social disease. It explores the use of prototype road maps to identify corruption vulnerabilities, suggests corresponding 'warning signals,' and proposes operationally useful remedial measures in each of several selected sectors and for a selected sampleof cross cutting public sector functions that are particularlyprone to corruption and that are critical to sector performance.Numerous technical experts have come together in this effort to develop an operationally useful approach to diagnosing and tackling corruption. 'The Many Faces of Corruption' is an invaluable reference for policymakers, practitioners, andresearchers engaged in the business of development.

Author : Freedom House
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 1040 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538112038

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Freedom in the World 2018 by Freedom House Pdf

Freedom in the World is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The methodology of this survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories.

Author : Michael Johnston
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2005-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1139448455

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Syndromes of Corruption by Michael Johnston Pdf

Corruption is a threat to democracy and economic development in many societies. It arises in the ways people pursue, use and exchange wealth and power, and in the strength or weakness of the state, political and social institutions that sustain and restrain those processes. Differences in these factors, Michael Johnston argues, give rise to four major syndromes of corruption: Influence Markets, Elite Cartels, Oligarchs and Clans, and Official Moguls. In this 2005 book, Johnston uses statistical measures to identify societies in each group, and case studies to show that the expected syndromes do arise. Countries studied include the United States, Japan and Germany (Influence Markets); Italy, Korea and Botswana (Elite Cartels); Russia, the Philippines and Mexico (Oligarchs and Clans); and China, Kenya, and Indonesia (Offical Moguls). A concluding chapter explores reform, emphasising the ways familiar measures should be applied - or withheld, lest they do harm - with an emphasis upon the value of 'deep democratisation'.

Author : Transparency International
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317443759

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Global Corruption Report: Sport by Transparency International Pdf

Sport is a global phenomenon engaging billions of people and generating annual revenues of more than US$ 145 billion. Problems in the governance of sports organisations, fixing of matches and staging of major sporting events have spurred action on many fronts. Yet attempts to stop corruption in sport are still at an early stage. The Global Corruption Report (GCR) on sport is the most comprehensive analysis of sports corruption to date. It consists of more than 60 contributions from leading experts in the fields of corruption and sport, from sports organisations, governments, multilateral institutions, sponsors, athletes, supporters, academia and the wider anti-corruption movement. This GCR provides essential analysis for understanding the corruption risks in sport, focusing on sports governance, the business of sport, planning of major events, and match-fixing. It highlights the significant work that has already been done and presents new approaches to strengthening integrity in sport. In addition to measuring transparency and accountability, the GCR gives priority to participation, from sponsors to athletes to supporters an essential to restoring trust in sport.

Author : Howard Whitton
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015062439727

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Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Sector by Howard Whitton Pdf

Conflicts of interest in both the public and private sectors have become a major matter of public concern world-wide. The OECD Guidelines define a conflict of interest as occurring when a public official has private-capacity interests which could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities. However, identifying a specific conflict of interest in practice can be difficult. And resolving the conflicting interests appropriately in a particular case is something that most people find even more challenging. The Toolkit focuses on specific techniques, resources and strategies for: Identifying, managing and preventing conflict-of-interest situations more effectively; and Increasing integrity in official decision-making, which might be compromised by a conflict of interest. This Toolkit provides non-technical, practical help to enable officials to recognise problematic situations and help them to ensure that integrity and reputation are not compromised. The tools themselves are provided in generic form. They are based on examples of sound conflict-of-interest policy and practice drawn from various OECD member and non-member countries. They have been designed for adaptation to suit countries with different legal and administrative systems. FURTHER READING: Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service: OECD Guidelines and Country Experiences

Author : Inge Amundsen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Democratization
ISBN : 8290584407

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Political Corruption by Inge Amundsen Pdf

Author : Ebenezer Obadare
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461482628

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The Handbook of Civil Society in Africa by Ebenezer Obadare Pdf

This volume brings together the most up to date analyses of civil society in Africa from the best scholars and researchers working on the subject. Being the first of its kind, it casts a panoramic look at the African continent, drawing out persisting, if often under-communicated, variations in regional discourses. In a majority of notionally ‘global’ studies, Africa has received marginal attention, a marginality often highlighted by the usual token chapter. Filling a critical hiatus, theHandbook of Civil Society in Africa takes Africa, African developments, and African perspectives very seriously and worthy of academic interrogation in their own right. It offers a critical, clear-sighted perspective on civil society in Africa, and positions African discourses within the framework of important regional and global debates. It promises to be an invaluable reference work for researchers and practitioners working in the fields of civil society, nonprofit studies, development studies, volunteerism, civic service, and African studies. Endorsements: "This volume signposts a critical turning point in the renewed engagement with the theory and practice of civil society in Africa. Moving from traditional concerns with disquisitions on the appropriateness and possibility of the existence and vibrancy of the idea of civil society on the continent, the volume approaches the forms, contents, and features of the actually existing civil society in Africa from thematic, regional, and national angles. It demonstrates clearly the extent to which core intellectual work on civil society in Africa has largely moved from concerns with cultural reductionism to a nuanced examination of the complexities of (formal, non-formal, organizational, non-organizational, traditional, newer, usual, unusual) engagements, detailing the extent to which, over time, civil society as a concept has been indigenized, appropriated and adapted in the terrains of politics, society, economy, culture and new technologies on the continent. In all this, the book accomplishes the near-impossible. Without sacrificing the vigour, rigor and freshness of the often unpredictable fruits of up-to-date research into regional and national differences that crop up in the documentation of Africa's multiple realities and discourses, the volume weaves together a rich tapestry of the historical, theoretical and practical dimensions of an expanding civil society sector, and accompanying growth in popular discourse, advocacy, and academic literature, in such a diverse continent as Africa, into a meaningful whole of insightful themes. Written and edited by a very distinguished cross-continental and multi-disciplinary collection of researchers, research students, practitioners and activists, the volume provides cutting-edge evidence and makes a definitive case for a new lease of life for civil society research in Africa." -Adigun Agbaje, Professor of Political Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. "Throughout Africa, forms of civic engagement and political participation have seen dynamic change in recent decades, yet conceptions of civil society have rarely accounted for this evolution. This volume is an essential source of new thinking about political association and collective action in Africa. The authors offer a wealth of analysis on changing organizations and social movements, new forms of interaction and communication, emerging strategies and issues, diverse social foundations, and the theoretical implications of a shifting associational landscape. The contributors provide an invaluable addition to the comparative literature on political change, democratic development, and social movements in Africa." Peter Lewis, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced international Studies

Author : Lucy Koechlin
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004252981

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Corruption as an Empty Signifier by Lucy Koechlin Pdf

Corruption as an Empty Signifier critically explores the ways in which corruption in Africa has been equated with African politics and political order, and offers a novel approach to understanding corruption as a potentially emancipatory discourse of political transformation.

Author : AfriMAP AfriMAP
Publisher : African Books Collective
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781928331155

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Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies in East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda by AfriMAP AfriMAP Pdf

With reportedly over USD50 billion lost annually through graft and illicit practices, combating corruption in Africa has been challenging. However, laws and policies at the continental, regional and national levels have been promulgated and enacted by African leaders. These initiatives have included the establishment of anti-corruption agencies mandated to tackle graft at national level, as well as coordinate bodies at regional and continental levels to ensure the harmonisation of normative standards and the adoption of best practices in the fight against corruption. Yet, given the disparity between the apparent impunity enjoyed by public servants and the anti-corruption rhetoric of governments in the region, the effectiveness of these agencies is viewed with scepticism. This continent-wide study of anti-corruption agencies aims to gauge their relevance and effectiveness by assessing their independence, mandate, available resources, national ownership, capacities and strategic positioning. These surveys include evidence-based recommendations calling for stronger, more relevant and effective institutions that are directly aligned to regional and continental anti-corruption frameworks, such as the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC), which the three countries in this current report Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda have all ratified.

Author : Helena Stensöta,Lena Wängnerud
Publisher : Springer
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319709291

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Gender and Corruption by Helena Stensöta,Lena Wängnerud Pdf

The link between gender and corruption has been studied since the late 1990s. Debates have been heated and scholars accused of bringing forward stereotypical beliefs about women as the “fair” sex. Policy proposals for bringing more women to office have been criticized for promoting unrealistic quick-fix solutions to deeply rooted problems. This edited volume advances the knowledge surrounding the link between gender and corruption by including studies where the historical roots of corruption are linked to gender and by contextualizing the exploration of relationships, for example by distinguishing between democracies versus authoritarian states and between the electoral arena versus the administrative branch of government—the bureaucracy. Taken together, the chapters display nuances and fine-grained understandings. The book highlights that gender equality processes, rather than the exclusionary categories of “women” and “men”, should be at the forefront of analysis, and that developments strengthening the position of women vis-à-vis men affect the quality of government.