The Gender Impact Of Social Security Reform

Author : Estelle James,Alejandra Cox Edwards,Rebeca Wong
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226392028

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The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform by Estelle James,Alejandra Cox Edwards,Rebeca Wong Pdf

As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. The looming social security crisis is especially dire for women, who live longer than men but have worked less in the formal labor force. This groundbreaking study examines alternative social security systems and their disparate impacts on men and women. Emphasis is placed on the new multi-pillar systems that combine a publicly managed benefit and a mandatory private retirement saving plan. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform compares the gendered outcomes of social security systems in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, and presents empirical findings from Eastern and Central European transition economies as well as several OECD countries. Women’s positions have improved relative to men in countries where joint pensions have been required, widows who have worked can keep the joint pension in addition to their own benefit, the public benefit has been targeted toward low earners, and women’s retirement age has been raised to equality with that of men. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform will force economists and policy makers to reexamine the design features that enable social security systems to achieve desirable gender outcomes.

Author : Neil Gilbert
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351518116

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Gender and Social Security Reform by Neil Gilbert Pdf

Aging populations are creating tremendous pressures on social security systems throughout the world, lifting the need for reform to the top of policy agendas. Proposed reforms often have different implications for men and women. At the same time, traditional family and gender roles are changing with the decline in fertility rates and the rapid rise in women's participation in the paid labor force.While trying to adapt social security systems to the fiscal demands of aging societies, policymakers face the compelling challenge of how to design pension reforms that achieve fair outcomes for women. Gender and Social Security Reform examines how different countries are attempting to meet this challenge. Drawing on comparative studies of European and Latin American countries along with a series of case studies of individual countries, the book provides insights into the gender dimensions of alternative designs for reform. All of the countries studied have recently reformed or are about to reform their pension systems, with a clear trend towards tightening the link between contributions and benefits in order to secure the long-term sustainability of pensions. The book also alerts policymakers to other issues: Should pension systems be gender-neutral or compensate for inequalities in paid and unpaid labor? Does compensation preserve gender discrimination? Are unisex life tables a reliable or fair redistributive tool for women? Or should annuities be linked directly to life expectancy, differentiated by sex and potentially other factors? Does a minimum pension guarantee risk compromising the principle of individual responsibility and work? How can recognition for caring work be balanced with work incentives? What can be done to help social security systems preserve freedom of choice in terms of work-family balance for women, men or the modem family unit as a whole?In analyzing the gender implications of recent social security policies and practices

Author : Neil Gilbert
Publisher : Transaction Pub
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1412805228

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Gender and Social Security Reform by Neil Gilbert Pdf

Aging populations are creating tremendous pressures on social security systems throughout the world, lifting the need for reform to the top of policy agendas. Proposed reforms often have different implications for men and women. At the same time, traditional family and gender roles are changing with the decline in fertility rates and the rapid rise in women's participation in the paid labor force. While trying to adapt social security systems to the fiscal demands of aging societies, policymakers face the compelling challenge of how to design pension reforms that achieve fair outcomes for women. Gender and Social Security Reform examines how different countries are attempting to meet this challenge. Drawing on comparative studies of European and Latin American countries along with a series of case studies of individual countries, the book provides insights into the gender dimensions of alternative designs for reform. All of the countries studied have recently reformed or are about to reform their pension systems, with a clear trend towards tightening the link between contributions and benefits in order to secure the long-term sustainability of pensions. The book also alerts policymakers to other issues: Should pension systems be gender-neutral or compensate for inequalities in paid and unpaid labor? Does compensation preserve gender discrimination? Are unisex life tables a reliable or fair redistributive tool for women? Or should annuities be linked directly to life expectancy, differentiated by sex and potentially other factors? Does a minimum pension guarantee risk compromising the principle of individual responsibility and work? How can recognition for caring work be balanced with work incentives? What can be done to help social security systems preserve freedom of choice in terms of work-family balance for women, men or the modem family unit as a whole? In analyzing the gender implications of recent social security policies and practices this book reframes the conventional discourse of reform. Neil Gilbert is the Chemin Professor of Social Welfare at the University of California, Berkeley. His most recent books include Changing Patterns of Social Protection (edited with Rebecca A. Van Voorhis), Welfare Reform: A Comparative Assessment of the French and U.S. Experiences (edited with Antoine Parent), and Transformation of the Welfare State.

Author : Estelle James,Alejandra Cox Edwards,Rebeca Wong
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Pensions
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Gender Impact of Pension Reform by Estelle James,Alejandra Cox Edwards,Rebeca Wong Pdf

Pension systems may have a different impact on gender because women are less likely than men to work in formal labor markets and earn lower wages when they do. Recent multipillar pension reforms tighten the link between payroll contributions and benefits, leading critics to argue that they will hurt women. In contrast, supporters of these reforms argue that it will help women by the removal of distortions that favored men and the better targeted redistributions in the new systems. To test these conflicting claims and to analyze more generally the gender effect of alternative pension systems, James, Edwards, and Wong examine the differential impact of the new and old systems in three Latin American countries--Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Based on household survey data, they simulate the wage and employment histories of representative men and women, the pensions they are likely to generate under the new and old rules, and the relative gains or losses of men and women because of the reform. The authors find that women do accumulate private annuities that are only 30-40 percent those of men in the new systems. But this effect is mitigated by sharp targeting of the new public pillars toward low earners, many of whom are women, and by restrictions on payouts from the private pillars, particularly joint annuity requirements. As a result of these transfers, total lifetime retirement benefits for women reach 60-80 percent those of men, and for "full career" women they equal or exceed benefits of men. Also as a result, women are the biggest gainers from the pension reform. For women who receive these transfers, female/male ratios of lifetime benefits in the new systems exceed those in the old systems in all three countries. Private intra-household transfers from husband to wife in the form of joint annuities play the largest role. This paper is a product of the Gender Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.

Author : Elaine Fultz,Markus Ruck,Silke Steinhilber
Publisher : International Labour Office
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UCBK:C095220328

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The Gender Dimensions of Social Security Reform in Central and Eastern Europe by Elaine Fultz,Markus Ruck,Silke Steinhilber Pdf

Comprises five papers which examine the gender dimensions of social security reform undertaken in the context of political and economic transformation in three EU accession countries. Focuses on reforms in family benefits and retirement and survivors' pensions. Includes findings of a study of the impact of the reforms on women's employment and life choices.

Author : Courtney C. Coile,Kevin Milligan,David A. Wise
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226619293

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Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World by Courtney C. Coile,Kevin Milligan,David A. Wise Pdf

In developed countries, men’s labor force participation at older ages has increased in recent years, reversing a decades-long pattern of decline. Participation rates for older women have also been rising. What explains these patterns, and the differences in them across countries? The answers to these questions are pivotal as countries face fiscal and retirement security challenges posed by longer life-spans. This eighth phase of the International Social Security project, which compares the social security and retirement experiences of twelve developed countries, documents trends in participation and employment and explores reasons for the rising participation rates of older workers. The chapters use a common template for analysis, which facilitates comparison of results across countries. Using within-country natural experiments and cross-country comparisons, the researchers study the impact of improving health and education, changes in the occupation mix, the retirement incentives of social security programs, and the emergence of women in the workplace, on labor markets. The findings suggest that social security reforms and other factors such as the movement of women into the labor force have played an important role in labor force participation trends.

Author : Axel Börsch-Supan,Courtney C. Coile
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226674247

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Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World by Axel Börsch-Supan,Courtney C. Coile Pdf

This ninth phase of the International Social Security project, which studies the experiences of twelve developed countries, examines the effects of public pension reform on employment at older ages. In the past two decades, men’s labor force participation at older ages has increased, reversing a long-term pattern of decline; participation rates for older women have increased dramatically as well. While better health, more education, and changes in labor-supply behavior of married couples may have affected this trend, these factors alone cannot explain the magnitude of the employment increase or its large variation across countries. The studies in this volume explore how financial incentives to work at older ages have evolved as a result of public pension reforms since 1980 and how these changes have affected retirement behavior. Utilizing a common template to analyze the developments across countries, the findings suggest that social security reforms have strengthened the financial returns to working at older ages and that these enhanced financial incentives have contributed to the rise in late-life employment.

Author : Miranda Stewart
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Equality before the law
ISBN : 1760461474

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Tax, Social Policy and Gender by Miranda Stewart Pdf

Gender inequality is profoundly unjust and in clear contradiction to the philosophy of the 'fair go'. In spite of some action by recent governments, Australia has fallen behind in policy and outcomes, even as the G20 group of nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Monetary Fund are paying renewed attention to gender inequality. Tax, Social Policy and Gender presents new research on entrenched gender inequality in a comparative framework of human rights and fiscal sustainability. Ground-breaking empirical studies examine unequal returns to education for women and men, decision-making about child care by fathers and mothers, the history and gendered effects of the income tax and family payments, and women in the top 1 per cent. Contributors demonstrate how Australia's tax, social security, child care, parental leave, education, work and retirement income policies intersect to compound gender inequality. Tax, Social Policy and Gender calls for a rethinking of equality and efficiency in tax and social policy and provides new policy solutions. It offers a pathway to achieve gender mainstreaming for women's economic security and the wellbeing of all Australians.

Author : B.A. Gustafsson,N.A. Klevmarken
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483290645

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The Political Economy of Social Security by B.A. Gustafsson,N.A. Klevmarken Pdf

In many western countries with slow economic growth and population growth the increasing cost of the social security system is a concern. The contributions in this volume address this issue from various angles, theoretically as well as empirically and also taking into account institutional conditions. This book discusses current social security policy issues and related research from a number of western countries. Papers include the following subjects: - Recent policy changes in the UK and the Federal Public of Germany - Distributional effects of social security - Public choice models of social security - Economic incentive effects of unemployment insurance and occupational pensions - The macroeconomic effects of the growth of benefits and their financing

Author : Lorraine Elizabeth Davies,William R. Avison,Julie Ann McMullin,Canada. Status of Women Canada. Policy Research
Publisher : Condition féminine Canada
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111576984

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Politique sociale, disparité entre les sexes et pauvreté by Lorraine Elizabeth Davies,William R. Avison,Julie Ann McMullin,Canada. Status of Women Canada. Policy Research Pdf

This report uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine the factors and processes that influence poverty among a nationally representative sample of Canadian women, a community-based sample of married mothers, and a convenience sample of 60 mothers of various marital & employment statuses. The purpose of the study is to identify ways in which income security policies affect mothers differently and to outline life-course trajectories that are most likely to lead to poverty among women. Variables studied include age, educational level, number of children, lone parent status, work & income source variables, partner's work history, and early adversities in life. Findings are used to make a number of policy recommendations related to such matters as family support, family life education, funding of housing, and a national child care system.

Author : United States. National Commission on Social Security Reform
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Disability insurance
ISBN : UOM:35128000854883

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Report of the National Commission on Social Security Reform by United States. National Commission on Social Security Reform Pdf

Author : Stephen J. Kay,Tapen Sinha
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199226801

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Lessons from Pension Reform in the Americas by Stephen J. Kay,Tapen Sinha Pdf

Latin America has seen a host of pathbreaking pension reforms, including privatizations that have served as examples for governments throughout the world. Addressing pressing policy issues and highlighting a broad range of country experiences, this book provides an unparalleled account of the lessons from pension reform in North and South America

Author : Daniel Béland
Publisher : Lawrence, Kan. : University Press of Kansas
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015061177211

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Social Security by Daniel Béland Pdf

Compact, timely, well-researched, and balanced, this institutional history of Social Security's seventy years shows how the past still influences ongoing reform debates, helping the reader both to understand and evaluate the current partisan arguments on both sides.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PURD:32754078645664

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Social Security Reform by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology Pdf

Author : David A. Wise
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226903224

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The Economics of Aging by David A. Wise Pdf

The Economics of Aging presents results from an ongoing National Bureau of Economic Research project. Contributors consider the housing mobility and living arrangements of the elderly, their labor force participation and retirement, the economics of their health care, and their financial status. The goal of the research is to further our understanding both of the factors that determine the well-being of the elderly and of the consequences that follow from an increasingly older population with longer individual life spans. Each paper is accompanied by critical commentary.