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The Mammalian Spinal Cord by Charles Watson,Gulgun Sengul,George Paxinos Pdf
The Mammalian Spinal Cord provides a comprehensive account of the anatomy and histology of the spinal cord. The text covers the cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecture, motor neuron distribution, long tracts, autonomic outflow, and gene expression in the spinal cord. A feature of the book is the inclusion of segment-by-segment atlases of the spinal cords of rat, mouse, newborn mouse, marmoset, rhesus monkey, and human. This book is an essential reference for researchers studying the spinal cord. Includes full-color photographic images of Nissl-stained sections from every spinal cord segment in each of two rodent and three primate species, over 160 Nissl plates Contains comprehensively labeled diagrams to accompany each Nissl-stained section, over 160 diagrams Provides more than 500 photographic images of sections stained for AChE, ChAT, parvalbumin, NADPH- diaphorase, calretinin, or other markers to supplement the Nissl-stained images
The Spinal Cord by Charles Watson,George Paxinos,Gulgun Kayalioglu Pdf
Many hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some significant strides towards new treatment methods, and is a focus of many laboratories worldwide. In addition, research on the involvement of the spinal cord in pain and the abilities of nervous tissue in the spine to regenerate has increasingly been on the forefront of biomedical research in the past years. The Spinal Cord, a collaboration with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, is the first comprehensive book on the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord. Tens of thousands of articles and dozens of books are published on this subject each year, and a great deal of experimental work has been carried out on the rat spinal cord. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and authoritative atlas of the mammalian spinal cord. Almost all of the fine details of spinal cord anatomy must be searched for in journal articles on particular subjects. This book addresses this need by providing both a comprehensive reference on the mammalian spinal cord and a comparative atlas of both rat and mouse spinal cords in one convenient source. The book provides a descriptive survey of the details of mammalian spinal cord anatomy, focusing on the rat with many illustrations from the leading experts in the field and atlases of the rat and the mouse spinal cord. The rat and mouse spinal cord atlas chapters include photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of the spinal cord segments (obtained from a single unfixed spinal cord), detailed diagrams of each of the spinal cord segments pictured, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level and photographs of additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). The text provides a detailed account of the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord and surrounding musculoskeletal elements The major topics addressed are: development of the spinal cord; the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and its meninges; spinal nerves, nerve roots, and dorsal root ganglia; the vertebral column, vertebral joints, and vertebral muscles; blood supply of the spinal cord; cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture of the spinal gray matter; musculotopic anatomy of motoneuron groups; tracts connecting the brain and spinal cord; spinospinal pathways; sympathetic and parasympathetic elements in the spinal cord; neuronal groups and pathways that control micturition; the anatomy of spinal cord injury in experimental animals The atlas of the rat and mouse spinal cord has the following features: Photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of 34 spinal segments for the rat and mouse; Detailed diagrams of each of the 34 spinal segments for rat and mouse, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level. ; Alongside each of the 34 Nissl stained segments, there are additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase, calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) All the major motoneuron clusters are identified in relation to the individual muscles or muscle groups they supply
On the Mammalian Nervous System by Francis Gotch Pdf
Excerpt from On the Mammalian Nervous System: Its Functions, and Their Localisation Determined by an Electrical Method The accomplishment of this further purpose, viz., the localisation of both paths and centres by ascertaining the excitatory electrical effects in relation with them, was one of the main objects we had in view. In carrying it out we found it was unnecessary to employ the electrometer, and, in fact, that it was advantageous to use the galvanometer, the record of which could be more easily and more accurately noted, since its graduation admits of far higher magnification. Moreover, with this instrument it was possible, by employing a series of stimuli, of known number and duration, to obtain quantitative results of definite comparative value, as will be shown further on; and thus to compare the electrical effects evoked (1) in different central paths by direct stimulation of these, and (2) in any one path by excitation of different regions. The plan upon which the present paper is framed is, first, to give a historical retrospect of the work of authors who have opened up the study of electrical changes in the central and peripheral nervous system; second, to describe at length our mode of experimentation, with special reference to the modifications which we have introduced, then to compare roughly the results we have obtained by our present method with those which had been previously ascertained by the graphic method, and so introduce the description of the facts which we have discovered, elucidating the physiology of the spinal cord both in its relation to the higher centres and to the peripheral nerves. In describing the detailed results of our experiments we have found that it is didicult, from the extent of ground covered by the subject, to adopt a convenient arrangement of facts, and mode of describing the same, which are free from the fault of repetition. We finally determined to gather the results together into definite groups, each associated with the excitation and investigation of particular regions, and refer in the briefest manner to any important principles which were not directly elucidated by, but only involved in, the particular experiments under consideration. Finally, we give at length a summary of the general conclusions which we consider we are justified in drawing from our experimental results. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Atlas of the Spinal Cord by Gulgun Sengul,Charles Watson,Ikuko Tanaka,George Paxinos Pdf
The Atlas of the Spinal Cord is the first comprehensive atlas of rodent and primate spinal cords. This atlas features histological images and labeled drawings of every segment from rat, mouse, marmoset monkey, rhesus monkey, and human spinal cords. Nissl-stained section images and matching drawings for each segment are supplemented by up to four histochemical or immunohistochemical images on a facing page. The neuron groups supplying major limb muscles are identified in each species. Constructed by the established leaders in neuroanatomical atlas development, this new atlas will be the indispensible resource for scientists who work on rodent or primate spinal cord.
The Cellular Structure of the Mammalian Nervous System by Harold Hillman Pdf
It would seem an appropriate time to re-examine the cellular structure of the mammalian nervous system for the following reasons. Firstly, there is considerable confusion in the literature about the appearance of the different kinds of neuroglia by light and by electron microscopy, and this is complemented by widespread disagreements among distinguished neuropathologists about the international classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Secondly, there is an increasing volume of experiments on the physiology and biochemistry of tissue cultures of neurons and different kinds of neuroglia, whose validity depends upon the accurate identification of both the parent tissue and also of the cells subsequently growing in culture. The biochemical classifica tion in recent years has often tended to become independent of the cellular identification, which makes the use of the neuroglial cell names doubtful and the significance of the biochemical properties of the cells difficult to relate to the physiological properties in vitro or in vivo (Table 1).
Processing of Sensory Information in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord by F. Cervero,G. J. Bennett,P. M. Headley Pdf
Over the last decade there has been a considerable increase in anatomical, physiological and neurochemical studies of the superficial dorsal horn. These proceedings review the current state of knowledge on the role of the superficial dorsal horn of the mammalian spinal cord as a nucleus of relay and
Molecular Neurobiology of the Mammalian Brain by Patrick McGeer Pdf
The human brain is the inner universe through which all external events are perceived. That fact alone should ensure that neuroscience will eventually receive top priority in the list of human endeavors. The brain represents the pinnacle of sophistication in the realm of living systems. Yet it is an imperfect organ, whose failures in disease processes lead to the occupation of more than half of all hospital beds and whose variable performance in the healthy state contributes in undetermined degree to the world's social problems. Every significant advance in our understanding of the brain has yielded enormous practical dividends. There is every reason to believe the future holds even greater promise. It can be said that brain research took root near the end of the last century when Ram6n y Cajal proved beyond doubt that the neuron is the basic functioning unit of the brain and Sherrington revealed its method of transmitting impulses. But it is only in the past two decades that neuroscience has been established as a recognized discipline where the anatomical, physiological, and chemical aspects of neuronal function are treated in a unified fashion. It can be anticipated that this logical advance'will allow brain research to reach new levels of sophistication. Already it has resulted in the establishment of graduate programs at dozens of universities, and the found ing of numerous journals devoted to reports of interdisciplinary research on the brain.
The Human Brain and Spinal Cord by Lennart Heimer Pdf
The knowledge of the mammalian central nervous pared by Ms. Anne Dunn. I am truly grateful for system has increased dramatically during the last their contributions. decade, which has provided a major impetus for A caveat is in order for the first 5 figures in preparing the second edition of The Human Brain Chapter 10, which represent cross-sections through and Spinal Cord. For the medical profession this has different levels of the brainstem. Considering the been a revolutionary time, since modem imaging rapidly expanding reliance on in vivo imaging by the methods have provided unparalleled opportunities clinicians, figures 10-1 to 10-5 are presented with for anatomical and functional studies of the human the posterior parts of the brainstem facing down body in vivo. It is now essential for the clinician to wards, since this is the way the brainstem images have an intimate knowledge of anatomy including appear in axial MRls routinely used by neuro the functional-anatomical systems in the brain radiologists (see Chapter 5). This somewhat un and spinal cord. The new edition of this textbook conventional approach, suggested by Dr. Duane reflects this progress in the sense that almost all of Haines, is directly relevant for the transfer of basic the chapters have been rewritten and several new science information to clinical practice. All other figures have been included.
Transplantation of Neural Tissue Into the Spinal Cord by Gerta Vrbová Pdf
The spinal cord, if damaged, normally has a very limited ability to restore itself to normal function. However, a new technique of tissue transplantation has led to significant advances in this area. This book briefly describes the structure and function of the mammalian spinal cord. It then reviews the latest results of experiments where grafts of embryonic tissue were used to encourage regeneration of the host spinal cord, or to replace different cell population. Methods of restoration using foetal grafts are discussed, as is the contribution made by this controversial approach toward understanding problems of developmental neuroscience.
National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 195 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 1992-01-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309045292
Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
The Physiology of Synapses by John Carew Eccles Pdf
The Physiology of Synapses covers the considerable advances in understanding the complex physiology of synapses. This book is divided into 16 chapters that emphasize the mechanism of synaptic transmission. The first chapters describe the structural and physiological features of chemically transmitting synapses. The subsequent chapters deal with the excitatory postsynaptic responses to presynaptic impulse and the release of transmitter by presynaptic impulses. These topics are followed by discussions of the impulse generation by the excitatory postsynaptic potential; the postsynaptic electrical events produced by chemically transmitting inhibitory synapses; the ionic mechanism generating the inhibitory postsynaptic potential. The last chapters consider the mechanism of inhibitory transmitter substances, pathways responsible for postsynaptic inhibitory action, and the trophic and plastic properties of synapses. This book will prove useful to physiologists, neurologists, and researchers.
