The Marvelous Learning Animal

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The Marvelous Learning Animal

Arthur W. Staats
The Marvelous Learning Animal Book PDF

Author : Arthur W. Staats
Publisher : Prometheus Books
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781616145989

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The Marvelous Learning Animal by Arthur W. Staats Pdf

What makes us human? In recent decades, researchers have focused on innate tendencies and inherited traits as explanations for human behavior, especially in light of groundbreaking human genome research. The author thinks this trend is misleading. As he shows in great detail in this engaging, thought-provoking, and highly informative book, what makes our species unique is our marvelous ability to learn, which is an ability that no other primate possesses. In his exploration of human progress, the author reveals that the immensity of human learning has not been fully understood or examined. Evolution has endowed us with extremely versatile bodies and a brain comprised of one hundred billion neurons, which makes us especially suited for a wide range of sophisticated learning. Already in childhood, human beings begin learning complex repertoires—language, sports, value systems, music, science, rules of behavior, and many other aspects of culture. These repertoires build on one another in special ways, and our brains develop in response to the learning experiences we receive from those around us and from what we read and hear and see. When humans gather in society, the cumulative effect of building learning upon learning is enormous. The author presents a new way of understanding humanness—in the behavioral nature of the human body, in the unique human way of learning, in child development, in personality, and in abnormal behavior. With all this, and his years of basic and applied research, he develops a new theory of human evolution and a new vision of the human being. This book offers up a unified concept that not only provides new ways of understanding human behavior and solving human problems but also lays the foundations for opening new areas of science.

Social Learning In Animals

Cecilia M. Heyes,Bennett G. Galef, Jr.
Social Learning In Animals Book PDF

Author : Cecilia M. Heyes,Bennett G. Galef, Jr.
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1996-05-23
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0080541313

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Social Learning In Animals by Cecilia M. Heyes,Bennett G. Galef, Jr. Pdf

The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry. Key Features * Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture * Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher * Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade * Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics * Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers

Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers

Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett
Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter Gatherers Book PDF

Author : Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431559979

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Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers by Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett Pdf

This is the first book to examine social learning and innovation in hunter–gatherers from around the world. More is known about social learning in chimpanzees and nonhuman primates than is known about social learning in hunter–gatherers, a way of life that characterized most of human history. The book describes diverse patterns of learning and teaching behaviors in contemporary hunter–gatherers from the perspectives of cultural anthropology, ecological anthropology, biological anthropology, and developmental psychology. The book addresses several theoretical issues including the learning hypothesis which suggests that the fate of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in the last glacial period might have been due to the differences in learning ability. It has been unequivocally claimed that social learning is intrinsically important for human beings; however, the characteristics of human learning remain under a dense fog despite innumerable studies with children from urban–industrial cultures. Controversy continues on problems such as: do hunter–gatherers teach? If so, what types of teaching occur, who does it, how often, under what contexts, and so on. The book explores the most basic and intrinsic aspects of social learning as well as the foundation of innovative activities in everyday activities of contemporary hunter–gatherer people across the earth. The book examines how hunter-gatherer core values, such as gender and age egalitarianism and extensive sharing of food and childcare are transmitted and acquired by children. Chapters are grouped into five sections: 1) theoretical perspectives of learning in hunter–gatherers, 2) modes and processes of social learning in hunter–gatherers, 3) innovation and cumulative culture, 4) play and other cultural contexts of social learning and innovation, 5) biological contexts of learning and innovation. Ideas and concepts based on the data gathered through an intensive fieldwork by the authors will give much insight into the mechanisms and meanings of learning and education in modern humans.

Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy

Warren Tryon
Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy Book PDF

Author : Warren Tryon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780124200982

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Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy by Warren Tryon Pdf

Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy provides a bionetwork theory unifying empirical evidence in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology to explain how emotion, learning, and reinforcement affect personality and its extremes. The book uses the theory to explain research results in both disciplines and to predict future findings, as well as to suggest what the theory and evidence say about how we should be treating disorders for maximum effectiveness. While theoretical in nature, the book has practical applications, and takes a mathematical approach to proving its own theorems. The book is unapologetically physical in nature, describing everything we think and feel by way of physical mechanisms and reactions in the brain. This unique marrying of cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology provides an opportunity to better understand both. Unifying theory for cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology Describes the brain in physical terms via mechanistic processes Systematically uses the theory to explain empirical evidence in both disciplines Theory has practical applications for psychotherapy Ancillary material may be found at: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124200715 including an additional chapter and supplements

How and Why Thoughts Change

Ian M. Evans
How and Why Thoughts Change Book PDF

Author : Ian M. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199380855

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How and Why Thoughts Change by Ian M. Evans Pdf

Cognitive therapy, a core approach within a collection of psychotherapeutic techniques known as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), is fundamentally about changing peoples' thoughts-helping them overcome difficulties by recognizing and changing dysfunctional thinking styles. Among other strategies, it requires encouraging the development of skills for rehearsing new habits of thought, modifying biases in judging and interpreting social and emotional information, and for testing assumptions underlying dysfunctional and negative, distorted thinking. In How and Why Thoughts Change, Dr. Ian Evans deconstructs the nature of cognitive therapy by examining the cognitive element of CBT, that is, how and why thoughts change behavior and emotion. There are a number of different approaches to cognitive therapy, including the classic Beck approach, the late Albert Ellis's rational-emotive psychotherapy, Young's schema-focused therapy, and newer varieties such as mindfulness training, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and problem-solving strategies. Evans identifies the common principles underlying these methods, attempts to integrate them, and makes suggestions as to how our current cognitive therapies might be improved. He draws on a broad survey of contemporary research on basic cognitive processes and integrates these with therapeutic approaches. While it may seem obvious that how and what we think determines how and in what manner we behave, the relationship between thought and action is not a simple one. Evans addresses questions such as: What is the difference between a thought and a belief? How do we find the cause of a thought? And can it really be that thought causes behavior and emotion, or could it be the other way around? In a reader-friendly style that avoids jargon, this innovative book answers some pertinent questions about cognitive therapy in a way that clarifies exactly how and why thoughts change. Evans demonstrates that understanding these concepts is a linchpin to providing and improving therapy for clients.

Critical Thinking for Helping Professionals

Eileen D. Gambrill,Leonard Gibbs
Critical Thinking for Helping Professionals Book PDF

Author : Eileen D. Gambrill,Leonard Gibbs
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Critical thinking
ISBN : 9780190297305

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Critical Thinking for Helping Professionals by Eileen D. Gambrill,Leonard Gibbs Pdf

Critical thinking values, skills, and knowledge are integral to evidence-based practice in the helping professions. On a daily basis, practitioners must be able and willing to think critically about decisions that affect clients' lives, while detecting and avoiding misleading framing ofproblems that may harm clients but contribute to the profit of involved industries (e.g. ignoring environmental sources of distress and focusing on characteristics of clients). Critical Thinking for Helping Professionals, Fourth Edition is designed to engage readers as active participants in 37exercises designed to hone critical thinking skills and offer practice in critically appraising different kinds of research, carrying out the steps in the process of evidence-based practice, reviewing the extent to which clients are involved as informed participants, and reviewing excuses used foroffering poor services. For students in social work, nursing, counseling, and psychology, this new edition offers entertaining and thought-provoking ways to sharpen decision making skills.

Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice

Dr. Bruce A. Thyer, PhD, LCSW, BCBA-D,Dr. Monica G. Pignotti, PhD, LMSW
Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice Book PDF

Author : Dr. Bruce A. Thyer, PhD, LCSW, BCBA-D,Dr. Monica G. Pignotti, PhD, LMSW
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780826177698

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Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice by Dr. Bruce A. Thyer, PhD, LCSW, BCBA-D,Dr. Monica G. Pignotti, PhD, LMSW Pdf

"Science is a way of thinking about and investigating the accuracy of assumptions about the world. It is a process for solving problems in which we learn from our mistakes. Social work has a long history of social reform and helping efforts. Let us continue this by paying attention to the important message of this book. --Eileen Gambrill, PhD, School of Social Welfare University of California at Berkeley (From the Foreword) Although many psychosocial interventions used in social work practice have strong research evidence supporting their efficacy, a surprising number do not, potentially resulting in harmful outcomes. In this book, the authors cast a critical eye on the reality of commonly used scientific and pseudoscientific practices in social work today. Stressing the need for separating research-based practices from those not supported by adequate levels of evidence, they examine the scientific and pseudoscientific bases for popular social work interventions used in a variety of treatment settings. The text examines the misuse of legitimate research and describes how social work education training can and should discourage pseudoscience. The concluding chapter describes pathways through which social work practice can become more firmly grounded in contemporary scientific research. This engaging book is intended for courses in critical thinking and evidence-based practice and is a valuable resource for all social work students and practitioners. Key Features: Promotes critical thinking regarding the evidence-based research--or lack thereof--behind a variety of social work interventions Written by renowned social work educators Addresses the history and characteristics of pseudoscience Examines pseudoscience practices in assessment and work with children, adolescents, adults, and individuals with developmental difficulties

Critical Thinking and the Process of Evidence-Based Practice

Eileen Gambrill
Critical Thinking and the Process of Evidence Based Practice Book PDF

Author : Eileen Gambrill
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190463373

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Critical Thinking and the Process of Evidence-Based Practice by Eileen Gambrill Pdf

In Critical Thinking and the Process of Evidence-Based Practice, Eileen Gambrill provides a detailed description of the process of evidence-based practice (EBP), designed to help individual practitioners and their clients make informed decisions. This book clearly distinguishes EBP from the promotion of EBPs, and discusses the origins of the process as well as related controversies and implementation obstacles. Ethical obligations to involve clients as informed participants are emphasized including attention to the close connection between evidentiary and ethical issues. The text features chapters covering clinical expertise, argumentation, avoidance of biases and fallacies, and common organizational and personal obstacles in optimizing quality of services. It serves as a valuable resource to professionals and students in the helping professions.

Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 1)

W. K. Estes
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : W. K. Estes
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317704409

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Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 1) by W. K. Estes Pdf

From the Foreword: "Is it possible at present to identify a core cluster of theoretical ideas, concepts, and methods with which everyone working in the area of learning and cognition needs to be familiar? Would it be possible to make explicit the relationships that we feel do or must exist among the various subspecialties, ranging from conditioning through perceptual learning and memory to psycholinguistics, and to present these in a sufficiently organized way to help specialists and non-specialists alike in relating particular lines of research to the broader spectrum of activity? These questions were posed to a substantial number of investigators who are currently most active in developing the ideas and doing the research. Their response constitutes this Handbook..." First published in 1975, Volume 1 of this Handbook attempts to present an overview of the field and to introduce the principal theoretical and methodological issues that will persistently recur in the expanded treatments of specific research areas that comprise the later volumes. Deferring to the current Zeitgeist rather than to chronology, they begin with the present state of cognitive psychology, then introduce the comparative approach, and conclude this volume with a rapid, three-chapter review of the evolution of ideas from conditioning to information processing.

Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings

Duane M. Rumbaugh,David A. Washburn
Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings Book PDF

Author : Duane M. Rumbaugh,David A. Washburn
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-10-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780300129359

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Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings by Duane M. Rumbaugh,David A. Washburn Pdf

What is animal intelligence? In what ways is it similar to human intelligence? Many behavioral scientists have realized that animals can be rational, can think in abstract symbols, can understand and react to human speech, and can learn through observation as well as conditioning many of the more complicated skills of life. Now Duane Rumbaugh and David Washburn probe the mysteries of the animal mind even further, identifying an advanced level of animal behavior—emergents—that reflects animals’ natural and active inclination to make sense of the world. Rumbaugh and Washburn unify all behavior into a framework they call Rational Behaviorism and present it as a new way to understand learning, intelligence, and rational behavior in both animals and humans. Drawing on years of research on issues of complex learning and intelligence in primates (notably rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, and bonobos), Rumbaugh and Washburn provide delightful examples of animal ingenuity and persistence, showing that animals are capable of very creative solutions to novel challenges. The authors analyze learning processes and research methods, discuss the meaningful differences across the primate order, and point the way to further advances, enlivening theoretical material about primates with stories about their behavior and achievements.

Animal Cognition and Behavior

R.L. Mellgren
Animal Cognition and Behavior Book PDF

Author : R.L. Mellgren
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2000-04-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080866670

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Animal Cognition and Behavior by R.L. Mellgren Pdf

Contributed chapters by psychologists and behavioral biologists provide a broad coverage of animal behavior, and governing brain processes. Topics covered include: foraging behavior and strategies, economics and psychology, memory of events and space, time perception, expectancies, food preferences and diet selection, behavior variability and the concept of mind. The volume is designed to satisfy an intderdisciplinary audience, embracing the behavioristic tradition, biological and physiological approaches, and evolutionary theory as philosophical underpinnings to the chapters. Also achieved in this work is a good balance between empirical results and theory.

Learning As Self-organization

Karl H. Pribram
Learning As Self organization Book PDF

Author : Karl H. Pribram
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134997015

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Learning As Self-organization by Karl H. Pribram Pdf

A year before his death, B.F. Skinner wrote that "There are two unavoidable gaps in any behavioral account: one between the stimulating action of the environment and the response of the organism and one between consequences and the resulting change in behavior. Only brain science can fill those gaps. In doing so, it completes the account; it does not give a different account of the same thing." This declaration ended the epoch of radical behaviorism to the extent that it was based on the doctrine of the "empty organism," the doctrine that a behavioral science must be constructed purely on its own level of investigation. However, Skinner was not completely correct in his assessment. Brain science on its own can no more fill the gaps than can single level behavioral science. It is the relation between data and formulations developed in the brain and the behavioral sciences that is needed. This volume is the result of The Fourth Appalachian Conference on Behavioral Neurodynamics, the first three of which were aimed at filling Skinner's first gap. Taking the series in a new direction, the aim of the fourth and subsequent conferences is to explore the second of the gaps in the behavioral account noted by Skinner. The aim of this conference was to explore the aphorism: The motivation for learning is self organization. In keeping with this aim and in the spirit of previous events, this conference's mission was to acquaint scientists working in one discipline with the work going on in other disciplines that is relevant to both. As a result, it brought together those who are making advances on the behavioral level -- mainly working in the tradition of operant conditioning -- and those working with brains -- mainly amygdala, hippocampus, and far frontal cortex.

Artificial Animals for Computer Animation

Xiaoyuan Tu
Artificial Animals for Computer Animation Book PDF

Author : Xiaoyuan Tu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003-06-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540465935

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Artificial Animals for Computer Animation by Xiaoyuan Tu Pdf

After nearly half a century of research, the Holy Grail of the ?eld of art- cial intelligence (AI) remains a comprehensive computational model capable of emulating the marvelous abilities of animals, including locomotion, p- ception, behavior, manipulation, learning, and cognition. The comprehensive modeling of higher animals –humans and other primates –remains elusive; However, the research documented in this monograph achieves nothing less than a functional computer model of certain species of lower animals that are by no means trivial in their complexity. Reported herein is the 1996 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award winning work of Xiaoyuan Tu, which she carried out in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto. Tu presents “arti?cial ?shes”, a rema- able computational model of familiar marine animals in their natural habitat. Originally conceived in the context of computer graphics, Tu’s is to date the only PhD dissertation from this major sub?eld of computer science (and the only thesis from a Canadian university) to win the coveted ACM award.

Animal Voices, Animal Guides

Dawn Baumann Brunke
Animal Voices Animal Guides Book PDF

Author : Dawn Baumann Brunke
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781591439547

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Animal Voices, Animal Guides by Dawn Baumann Brunke Pdf

How to connect with animal guides to expand individual and planetary awareness • Reveals techniques for exploring dreams, shamanic journeys, healing, and shapeshifting with animals • Presents words of wisdom from cats, dogs, horses, llamas, rabbits, ravens, bears, and even insects As companions, helpers, and spiritual guides, animals have always held a special relationship with humans. As we access our natural ability to communicate with animals, we cannot help but open ourselves more profoundly to life, other human beings, and our own deep nature--the essence of who we really are. Animal Voices, Animal Guides presents a wide variety of ways in which we can tune in to the “universal language” of all life and reconnect with the animal kingdom in more conscious, meaningful ways. Through myths, shamanic journeys, and dreams we meet our power animals, spirit animals, and wise animal guides. The exercises, meditations, stories, and experiments included are designed to help us tune in to the subtle whispers of nature and expand our awareness. We learn what sled dogs have to teach us about teamwork, how llamas see themselves as healers of the world, and how it would feel to inhabit the skin of a shark. Filled with advice from animal communication professionals and actual conversations with animals, Animal Voices, Animal Guides is an invitation to explore our inner ways of knowing. When we learn how to use all our senses to listen to animals, we will find out how to listen to our authentic self as well.

Great Myths of Child Development

Stephen Hupp,Jeremy D. Jewell
Great Myths of Child Development Book PDF

Author : Stephen Hupp,Jeremy D. Jewell
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118521236

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Great Myths of Child Development by Stephen Hupp,Jeremy D. Jewell Pdf

Great Myths of Child Development reveals the latest evidence-based science behind the myths and misconceptions about the developing child. Shatters the most commonly-held child development myths Reveals the science behind such topical issues as twin-telepathy, sex-prediction, and imaginary friends Covers hot-button issues like childhood vaccines, spankings, “time-outs,” and breastfeeding of older children Features numerous pop culture references and examples drawn from popular TV shows and movies, such as Duck Dynasty, Modern Family and Mad Men Points to a wealth of supplementary resources for interested parents—from evidence-based treatments and self-help books to relevant websites