The Myth Of Mirror Neurons The Real Neuroscience Of Communication And Cognition

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The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition

Gregory Hickok
The Myth of Mirror Neurons The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Gregory Hickok
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393244168

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The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition by Gregory Hickok Pdf

An essential reconsideration of one of the most far-reaching theories in modern neuroscience and psychology. In 1992, a group of neuroscientists from Parma, Italy, reported a new class of brain cells discovered in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey. These cells, later dubbed mirror neurons, responded equally well during the monkey’s own motor actions, such as grabbing an object, and while the monkey watched someone else perform similar motor actions. Researchers speculated that the neurons allowed the monkey to understand others by simulating their actions in its own brain. Mirror neurons soon jumped species and took human neuroscience and psychology by storm. In the late 1990s theorists showed how the cells provided an elegantly simple new way to explain the evolution of language, the development of human empathy, and the neural foundation of autism. In the years that followed, a stream of scientific studies implicated mirror neurons in everything from schizophrenia and drug abuse to sexual orientation and contagious yawning. In The Myth of Mirror Neurons, neuroscientist Gregory Hickok reexamines the mirror neuron story and finds that it is built on a tenuous foundation—a pair of codependent assumptions about mirror neuron activity and human understanding. Drawing on a broad range of observations from work on animal behavior, modern neuroimaging, neurological disorders, and more, Hickok argues that the foundational assumptions fall flat in light of the facts. He then explores alternative explanations of mirror neuron function while illuminating crucial questions about human cognition and brain function: Why do humans imitate so prodigiously? How different are the left and right hemispheres of the brain? Why do we have two visual systems? Do we need to be able to talk to understand speech? What’s going wrong in autism? Can humans read minds? The Myth of Mirror Neurons not only delivers an instructive tale about the course of scientific progress—from discovery to theory to revision—but also provides deep insights into the organization and function of the human brain and the nature of communication and cognition.

The Myth of Mirror Neurons

Gregory Hickok
The Myth of Mirror Neurons Book PDF

Author : Gregory Hickok
Publisher : National Geographic Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393089615

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The Myth of Mirror Neurons by Gregory Hickok Pdf

An essential reconsideration of one of the most far-reaching theories in modern neuroscience and psychology. In 1992, a group of neuroscientists from Parma, Italy, reported a new class of brain cells discovered in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey. These cells, later dubbed mirror neurons, responded equally well during the monkey’s own motor actions, such as grabbing an object, and while the monkey watched someone else perform similar motor actions. Researchers speculated that the neurons allowed the monkey to understand others by simulating their actions in its own brain. Mirror neurons soon jumped species and took human neuroscience and psychology by storm. In the late 1990s theorists showed how the cells provided an elegantly simple new way to explain the evolution of language, the development of human empathy, and the neural foundation of autism. In the years that followed, a stream of scientific studies implicated mirror neurons in everything from schizophrenia and drug abuse to sexual orientation and contagious yawning. In The Myth of Mirror Neurons, neuroscientist Gregory Hickok reexamines the mirror neuron story and finds that it is built on a tenuous foundation—a pair of codependent assumptions about mirror neuron activity and human understanding. Drawing on a broad range of observations from work on animal behavior, modern neuroimaging, neurological disorders, and more, Hickok argues that the foundational assumptions fall flat in light of the facts. He then explores alternative explanations of mirror neuron function while illuminating crucial questions about human cognition and brain function: Why do humans imitate so prodigiously? How different are the left and right hemispheres of the brain? Why do we have two visual systems? Do we need to be able to talk to understand speech? What’s going wrong in autism? Can humans read minds? The Myth of Mirror Neurons not only delivers an instructive tale about the course of scientific progress—from discovery to theory to revision—but also provides deep insights into the organization and function of the human brain and the nature of communication and cognition.

Mirroring People

Marco Iacoboni
Mirroring People Book PDF

Author : Marco Iacoboni
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781429990752

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Mirroring People by Marco Iacoboni Pdf

What accounts for the remarkable ability to get inside another person's head—to know what they're thinking and feeling? "Mind reading" is the very heart of what it means to be human, creating a bridge between self and others that is fundamental to the development of culture and society. But until recently, scientists didn't understand what in the brain makes it possible. This has all changed in the last decade. Marco Iacoboni, a leading neuroscientist whose work has been covered in The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal, explains the groundbreaking research into mirror neurons, the "smart cells" in our brain that allow us to understand others. From imitation to morality, from learning to addiction, from political affiliations to consumer choices, mirror neurons seem to have properties that are relevant to all these aspects of social cognition. As The New York Times reports: "The discovery is shaking up numerous scientific disciplines, shifting the understanding of culture, empathy, philosophy, language, imitation, autism and psychotherapy." Mirroring People is the first book for the general reader on this revolutionary new science.

Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language

Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese
Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language Book PDF

Author : Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2002-12-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789027297082

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Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language by Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese Pdf

The emergence of language, social intelligence, and tool development are what made homo sapiens sapiens differentiate itself from all other biological species in the world. The use of language and the management of social and instrumental skills imply an awareness of intention and the consideration that one faces another individual with an attitude analogical to that of one’s own. The metaphor of ‘mirror’ aptly comes to mind.Recent investigations have shown that the human ability to ‘mirror’ other’s actions originates in the brain at a much deeper level than phenomenal awareness. A new class of neurons has been discovered in the premotor area of the monkey brain: ‘mirror neurons’. Quite remarkably, they are tuned to fire to the enaction as well as observation of specific classes of behavior: fine manual actions and actions performed by mouth. They become activated independent of the agent, be it the self or a third person whose action is observed. The activation in mirror neurons is automatic and binds the observation and enaction of some behavior by the self or by the observed other. The peculiar first-to-third-person ‘intersubjectivity’ of the performance of mirror neurons and their surprising complementarity to the functioning of strategic communicative face-to-face (first-to-second person) interaction may shed new light on the functional architecture of conscious vs. unconscious mental processes and the relationship between behavioral and communicative action in monkeys, primates, and humans. The present volume discusses the nature of mirror neurons as presented by the research team of Prof. Giacomo Rizzolatti (University of Parma), who originally discovered them, and the implications to our understanding of the evolution of brain, mind and communicative interaction in non-human primates and man.(Series B)

The Ego Tunnel

Thomas Metzinger
The Ego Tunnel Book PDF

Author : Thomas Metzinger
Publisher : ReadHowYouWant.com
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781458759160

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The Ego Tunnel by Thomas Metzinger Pdf

We're used to thinking about the self as an independent entity, something that we either have or are. In The Ego Tunnel, philosopher Thomas Metzinger claims otherwise: No such thing as a self exists. The conscious self is the content of a model created by our brain - an internal image, but one we cannot experience as an image. Everything we experience is ''a virtual self in a virtual reality.'' But if the self is not ''real,'' why and how did it evolve? How does the brain construct it? Do we still have souls, free will, personal autonomy, or moral accountability? In a time when the science of cognition is becoming as controversial as evolution, The Ego Tunnel provides a stunningly original take on the mystery of the mind.

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Book PDF

Author : Julian Jaynes
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2000-08-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780547527543

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The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes Pdf

National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry

The Mirror Neuron System

Christian Keysers,Luciano Fadiga
The Mirror Neuron System Book PDF

Author : Christian Keysers,Luciano Fadiga
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06
Category : Cognitive neuroscience
ISBN : 1138877816

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The Mirror Neuron System by Christian Keysers,Luciano Fadiga Pdf

Mirror neurons are premotor neurons, originally discovered in the macaque brain , that discharge both during execution of goal-directed actions and during the observation of similar actions executed by another individual. They therefore ¿mirror¿ others¿ actions on the observer's motor repertoire. In the last decade an impressive amount of work has been devoted to the study of their properties and to investigate if they are present also in our species. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have shown that a mirror-neuron system does exist in the human brain as well. Among ¿mirror¿ human areas, Broca¿s area (the frontal area for speech production) is almost constantly activated by action observation. This suggests a possible evolutionary link between action understanding and verbal communication. In the most recent years, mirror-like phenomena have been demonstrated also for domains others than the pure motor one. Examples of that are the somatosensory and the emotional systems, possibly providing a neurophysiological basis to phenomena such as embodiment and empathy. This special issue collects some of the most representative works on the mirror-neuron system to give a panoramic view on current research and to stimulate new experiments in this exciting field.

Re-Visioning Psychiatry

Laurence J. Kirmayer,Robert Lemelson,Constance A. Cummings
Re Visioning Psychiatry Book PDF

Author : Laurence J. Kirmayer,Robert Lemelson,Constance A. Cummings
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 725 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107032200

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Re-Visioning Psychiatry by Laurence J. Kirmayer,Robert Lemelson,Constance A. Cummings Pdf

Revisioning Psychiatry brings together new perspectives on the causes and treatment of mental health problems. The contributors emphasize the importance of understanding experience and explore how the brain, the person, and the social world interact to give rise to mental health problems as well as resilience and recovery.

Face-to-Face Diplomacy

Marcus Holmes
Face to Face Diplomacy Book PDF

Author : Marcus Holmes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108417075

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Face-to-Face Diplomacy by Marcus Holmes Pdf

Argues that face-to-face interaction undercuts the security dilemma at the interpersonal level by providing a mechanism for understanding intentions.

How the Body Shapes the Way We Think

Rolf Pfeifer,Josh Bongard
How the Body Shapes the Way We Think Book PDF

Author : Rolf Pfeifer,Josh Bongard
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006-10-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262288521

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How the Body Shapes the Way We Think by Rolf Pfeifer,Josh Bongard Pdf

An exploration of embodied intelligence and its implications points toward a theory of intelligence in general; with case studies of intelligent systems in ubiquitous computing, business and management, human memory, and robotics. How could the body influence our thinking when it seems obvious that the brain controls the body? In How the Body Shapes the Way We Think, Rolf Pfeifer and Josh Bongard demonstrate that thought is not independent of the body but is tightly constrained, and at the same time enabled, by it. They argue that the kinds of thoughts we are capable of have their foundation in our embodiment—in our morphology and the material properties of our bodies. This crucial notion of embodiment underlies fundamental changes in the field of artificial intelligence over the past two decades, and Pfeifer and Bongard use the basic methodology of artificial intelligence—"understanding by building"—to describe their insights. If we understand how to design and build intelligent systems, they reason, we will better understand intelligence in general. In accessible, nontechnical language, and using many examples, they introduce the basic concepts by building on recent developments in robotics, biology, neuroscience, and psychology to outline a possible theory of intelligence. They illustrate applications of such a theory in ubiquitous computing, business and management, and the psychology of human memory. Embodied intelligence, as described by Pfeifer and Bongard, has important implications for our understanding of both natural and artificial intelligence.

The Human Auditory System

Gastone G. Celesia,Gregory Hickok
The Human Auditory System Book PDF

Author : Gastone G. Celesia,Gregory Hickok
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444626295

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The Human Auditory System by Gastone G. Celesia,Gregory Hickok Pdf

The Human Auditory System: Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders provides a comprehensive and focused reference on the neuroscience of hearing and the associated neurological diagnosis and treatment of auditory disorders. This reference looks at this dynamic area of basic research, a multidisciplinary endeavor with contributions from neuroscience, clinical neurology, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science communications disorders, and psychology, and its dramatic clinical application. A focused reference on the neuroscience of hearing and clinical disorders Covers both basic brain science, key methodologies and clinical diagnosis and treatment of audiology disorders Coverage of audiology across the lifespan from birth to elderly topics

Concepts in Action

Lucas Bechberger
Concepts in Action Book PDF

Author : Lucas Bechberger
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : 9783030698232

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Concepts in Action by Lucas Bechberger Pdf

This open access book is a timely contribution in presenting recent issues, approaches, and results that are not only central to the highly interdisciplinary field of concept research but also particularly important to newly emergent paradigms and challenges. The contributors present a unique, holistic picture for the understanding and use of concepts from a wide range of fields including cognitive science, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. The chapters focus on three distinct points of view that lie at the core of concept research: representation, learning, and application. The contributions present a combination of theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied methods that appeal to students and researchers working in these fields.

Cognitive Gadgets

Cecilia Heyes
Cognitive Gadgets Book PDF

Author : Cecilia Heyes
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674985131

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Cognitive Gadgets by Cecilia Heyes Pdf

How did human minds become so different from those of other animals? What accounts for our capacity to understand the way the physical world works, to think ourselves into the minds of others, to gossip, read, tell stories about the past, and imagine the future? These questions are not new: they have been debated by philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, evolutionists, and neurobiologists over the course of centuries. One explanation widely accepted today is that humans have special cognitive instincts. Unlike other living animal species, we are born with complicated mechanisms for reasoning about causation, reading the minds of others, copying behaviors, and using language. Cecilia Heyes agrees that adult humans have impressive pieces of cognitive equipment. In her framing, however, these cognitive gadgets are not instincts programmed in the genes but are constructed in the course of childhood through social interaction. Cognitive gadgets are products of cultural evolution, rather than genetic evolution. At birth, the minds of human babies are only subtly different from the minds of newborn chimpanzees. We are friendlier, our attention is drawn to different things, and we have a capacity to learn and remember that outstrips the abilities of newborn chimpanzees. Yet when these subtle differences are exposed to culture-soaked human environments, they have enormous effects. They enable us to upload distinctively human ways of thinking from the social world around us. As Cognitive Gadgets makes clear, from birth our malleable human minds can learn through culture not only what to think but how to think it.

Touching a Nerve

Patricia Churchland
Touching a Nerve Book PDF

Author : Patricia Churchland
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780393058321

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Touching a Nerve by Patricia Churchland Pdf

Describes the latest research in human brain function, consciousness, sensory experience, and memory, and discusses the ethical and philosophical dilemmas that can result from these new insights.

A Brain for Speech

Francisco Aboitiz
A Brain for Speech Book PDF

Author : Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781137540607

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A Brain for Speech by Francisco Aboitiz Pdf

This book discusses evolution of the human brain, the origin of speech and language. It covers past and present perspectives on the contentious issue of the acquisition of the language capacity. Divided into two parts, this insightful work covers several characteristics of the human brain including the language-specific network, the size of the human brain, its lateralization of functions and interhemispheric integration, in particular the phonological loop. Aboitiz argues that it is the phonological loop that allowed us to increase our vocal memory capacity and to generate a shared semantic space that gave rise to modern language. The second part examines the neuroanatomy of the monkey brain, vocal learning birds like parrots, emergent evidence of vocal learning capacities in mammals, mirror neurons, and the ecological and social context in which speech evolved in our early ancestors. This book's interdisciplinary topic will appeal to scholars of psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, biology and history.