The Neuropharmacology Of Nicotine Dependence

Author : David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò
Publisher : Springer
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319134826

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The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence by David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò Pdf

The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the present book focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of researchand will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.

Author : David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò
Publisher : Springer
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319136653

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The Neurobiology and Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco by David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò Pdf

The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While the present volume considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the book The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers with a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of research and will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.

Author : Gregory R. Bock,Joan Marsh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470513972

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The Biology of Nicotine Dependence by Gregory R. Bock,Joan Marsh Pdf

Nicotine is considered to be the main agent in the maintenance of the tobacco smoking habit and is largely responsible for the behavioral and physiological responses to the inhalation of tobacco smoke. This work presents advances made in the elucidation of the action of nicotine in the body--essential information for developing treatments to help people give up smoking. The book reviews the progress made in identifying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, using the techniques of molecular biology to characterize receptors and investigate the functional differences between receptors composed of different types of subunits. Sex-specific differences in the response to nicotine, the effects of nicotine on locomotor activity, and its still-debated influence on cognitive performance are considered. The book also examines the habit-forming role of nicotine, the development of tolerance to nicotine, and the less clearly understood phenomenon of withdrawal. Also discusses some potential therapeutic strategies.

Author : Bernard Le Foll
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 758 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128065136

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Biological Research on Addiction by Bernard Le Foll Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723

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How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by Anonim Pdf

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Author : Victor R. Preedy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128130360

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Neuroscience of Nicotine by Victor R. Preedy Pdf

Neuroscience of Nicotine: Mechanisms and Treatment presents the fundamental information necessary for a thorough understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of nicotine addiction and its effects on the brain. Offering thorough coverage of all aspects of nicotine research, treatment, policy and prevention, and containing contributions from internationally recognized experts, the book provides students, early-career researchers, and investigators at all levels with a fundamental introduction to all aspects of nicotine misuse. With an estimated one billion individuals worldwide classified as tobacco users—and tobacco use often being synonymous with nicotine addiction—nicotine is one of the world’s most common addictive substances, and a frequent comorbidity of misuse of other common addictive substances. Nicotine alters a variety of neurological processes, from molecular biology, to cognition, and quitting is exceedingly difficult because of the number of withdrawal symptoms that accompany the process. Integrates cutting-edge research on the pharmacological, cellular and molecular aspects of nicotine use, along with its effects on neurobiological function Discusses nicotine use as a component of dual-use and poly addictions and outlines numerous screening and treatment strategies for misuse Covers both the physical and psychological effects of nicotine use and withdrawal to provide a fully-formed view of nicotine dependency and its effects

Author : F. Scott Hall,Jared W. Young,Andre Der-Avakian
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128026694

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Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence by F. Scott Hall,Jared W. Young,Andre Der-Avakian Pdf

Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence is the only book of its kind that addresses nicotine use and abuse in the context of negative reinforcement mechanisms. Written and edited by leading investigators in addiction, affective, genetic, and cognitive research, it provides researchers and advanced students with an overview of the clinical bases of these effects, allowing them to fully understand the various underlying dysfunctions that drive nicotine use in different individuals. In addition, this book examines animal models that researchers have utilized to investigate the biological bases of these dysfunctions. The combination of clinical and preclinical approaches to understanding nicotine dependence makes this book an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop targeted treatments aimed at ameliorating symptoms of nicotine dependence, as well as identifying premorbid differences in affective or cognitive function. Provides a unique perspective on nicotine dependence that emphasizes negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement Examines psychiatric comorbidities and alleviation of withdrawal states as motivation for continued tobacco use Includes both clinical and preclinical perspectives Includes genetic and multi-neurotransmitter perspectives on nicotine use and withdrawal Emphasizes heterogeneity of underlying reasons for smoking, the need for multiple animal models to understand this heterogeneity, and the expectation of heterogeneous responses to potential treatments, underscoring the need for personalized therapeutics

Author : Jack E. Henningfield,Edythe London,Sakire Pogun
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540692485

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Nicotine Psychopharmacology by Jack E. Henningfield,Edythe London,Sakire Pogun Pdf

The fact that tobacco ingestion can affect how people feel and think has been known for millennia, placing the plant among those used spiritually, honori?cally, and habitually (Corti 1931; Wilbert 1987). However, the conclusion that nicotine - counted for many of these psychopharmacological effects did not emerge until the nineteenth century (Langley 1905). This was elegantly described by Lewin in 1931 as follows: “The decisive factor in the effects of tobacco, desired or undesired, is nicotine. . . ”(Lewin 1998). The use of nicotine as a pharmacological probe to und- stand physiological functioning at the dawn of the twentieth century was a landmark in the birth of modern neuropharmacology (Limbird 2004; Halliwell 2007), and led the pioneering researcher John Langley to conclude that there must exist some “- ceptive substance” to explain the diverse actions of various substances, including nicotine, when applied to muscle tissue (Langley 1905). Research on tobacco and nicotine progressed throughout the twentieth century, but much of this was from a general pharmacological and toxicological rather than a psychopharmacological perspective (Larson et al. 1961). There was some attention to the effects related to addiction, such as euphoria (Johnston 1941), tolerance (Lewin 1931), and withdrawal (Finnegan et al. 1945), but outside of research supported by the tobacco industry, addiction and psychopharmacology were not major foci for research (Slade et al. 1995; Hurt and Robertson 1998; Henning?eld et al. 2006; Henning?eld and Hartel 1999; Larson et al. 1961).

Author : Gregory R. Bock,Jamie A. Goode
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470029220

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Understanding Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction by Gregory R. Bock,Jamie A. Goode Pdf

Cigarette smoking is estimated to lead to 4.9 million premature deaths per year worldwide. This is predicted to rise to 10 million by 2020. In western countries it kills half of all smokers who fail to stop. The prevailing model for tobacco addiction is that nicotine from cigarettes rewards smoking and punishes abstinence, tapping into a motivational system of operant conditioning that requires no conscious awareness. However, there are also accounts which involve cognitive biases and the effect of nicotine on impulse control. The brain pathways involved have been studied extensively, but the role of different nicotine receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter systems is still subject to debate. In western countries, cigarette smoking as an adult has a heritability of 30-50% and candidate genes have been identified that may contribute in part to addiction susceptibility. Many socio-cultural correlates of cigarette smoking have been established, but a comprehensive model that accounts for these and links them with the psychobiological aspects of nicotine addiction has not been forthcoming. Structured behavioural support programmes aid cessation attempts, as do a number of pharmacotherapies, most notably nicotine replacement treatments and bupropion, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This book deals with the problems involved in understanding and treating nicotine and tobacco addiction. Topics covered include the nature of the worldwide health problem posed by cigarette smoking, the psychodynamics of cigarette addiction, and the basic pharmacology and biochemistry of nicotine and its effect on the brain. Further chapters analyse the genetic basis of susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Finally, the contributors address approaches to therapy. A continuing theme in the discussions throughout the book is how best to treat nicotine addiction, given that many smokers would like to stop smoking but are unable to do so because of their addiction. This book will be of great value to all psychologists and psychiatrists working on addiction, specifically to nicotine but also to other compounds and behaviours. It will also be of interest to neuroscientists and pharmacologists working on nicotine receptors and the brain pathways involved in dependence, as well as to biochemists, molecular biologist and to public health officials.

Author : James A. Cocores
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461391128

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The Clinical Management of Nicotine Dependence by James A. Cocores Pdf

The 1980s have. seen a remarkable degree of public and professional acceptance of cigarette smoking as the most widespread and devastating form of drug dependence. More medical schools now give required courses about drug dependence. Prestigious journals publish reports of investiga tions on the subject of nicotine dependence, and more conferences and workshops are held each year on various aspects of nicotine dependence. All this is in sharp contrast to the earlier prevailing atmosphere of dis interest, ignorance, or professional disdain. These changes created an obvious place for a textbook oriented pri marily toward the needs of clinicians working with patients who have nicotine dependence. Thus, in preparation of this book, most aspects of the management of nicotine dependence are incorporated, in order to address concerns of physicians in training and other health care profes sionals across the world. The final product, which I believe to be com prehensive and clinically relevant throughout, is a text that I hope will be of equal use to psychologists, social workers, nurses, counselors, and physicians in all specialties. An encyclopedic treatise was deliberately avoided because that approach can be cumbersome in size, readability, and cost, and for that reason, readers will find little mention of data involv ing animal research, nicotine-related politics, nicotine product advertising, medical consequences of smoking, psychotherapeutic techniques, and the extent of the problem.

Author : Mark S. Gold
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461518457

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Tobacco by Mark S. Gold Pdf

Author Mark S. Gold presents the latest medical information on nicotine and tobacco's neurobiological, physiological, and psychological effects. This timely monograph also discusses the latest diagnostic and treatment programs as well as model programs for use by practitioners which were developed by the National Cancer Institute and other eminent organizations. The author also includes a comprehensive history of tobacco use.

Author : Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group
Publisher : Royal College of Physicians
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 1860161227

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Nicotine Addiction in Britain by Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group Pdf

Author : American Psychiatric Association. Work Group on Nicotine Dependence
Publisher : American Psychiatric Publishing
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015038541473

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Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Nicotine Dependence by American Psychiatric Association. Work Group on Nicotine Dependence Pdf

This work provides guidance on the care of patients with cigarette-related nicotine dependence. However, not all smokers meet DSV-IV criteria, some have comorbid psychiatric conditions which are not described in this work. Thus, the psychiatrist should not

Author : Rick A. Bevins,Anthony R. Caggiula
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008-12-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780387787497

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The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and its Role in Tobacco Use by Rick A. Bevins,Anthony R. Caggiula Pdf

More and more scientists are applying the concepts of motivation and related constructs to modify the behavior of drug-addicted and dependent people. Here, authors discuss effective ‘translational’ strategies for decreasing and preventing tobacco use.

Author : C. Tracy Orleans,John D. Slade
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Nicotine
ISBN : 9780195064414

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Nicotine Addiction by C. Tracy Orleans,John D. Slade Pdf

Despite persistent warnings from the medical profession about the health risks involved in cigarette smoking, millions of people continue to smoke cigarettes. With contributions from renowned experts, this ground-breaking work defines and explains nicotine addiction as a primary problem or disease, instead of as a habit or risk factor for other diseases. A comprehensive, clinical text on tobacco dependence, this book provides clinicians with essential information on how to diagnose and treat nicotine addicted patients. It also offers the medical, epidemiological and behavioral science backgrounds necessary for understanding the process and dynamics of tobacco dependence. Following the traditional format of medical texts, the book first covers etiology, pathogenesis and complications, then diagnosis and treatment, and finally public health and prevention. Part One presents an overview of the biological, psychological and social factors that contribute to nicotine dependence including such topics as a description of nicotine delivery systems, psychopharmacology, economics, natural history and epidemiology, mortality, morbidity, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. The second part offers practical guidelines and tools for treating nicotine dependence and describes a stepped-care treatment model with brief interventions that can be easily integrated into routine medical practice. This section also covers the role of psychopharmacologic and formal treatment programs, the treatment of smokeless tobacco addiction, and treating nicotine dependence in pregnant women and in people with medical illnesses, other chemical dependencies, or psychiatric disorders. The last section focuses on worksite and community intervention programs and summarizes the research on smoking patterns and history in women, Blacks, Hispanics, youth, and older adults, and shows how intervention and prevention programs could be made more effective in these groups. Written by the nation's leading tobacco control researchers and clinicians, this important work contains new and critical information not previously available.