The Normative And The Evaluative

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The Normative and the Evaluative

Richard Rowland
The Normative and the Evaluative Book PDF

Author : Richard Rowland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192570239

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The Normative and the Evaluative by Richard Rowland Pdf

Many have been attracted to the idea that for something to be good there just have to be reasons to favour it. This view has come to be known as the buck-passing account of value. According to this account, for pleasure to be good there need to be reasons for us to desire and pursue it. Likewise for liberty and equality to be values there have to be reasons for us to promote and preserve them. Extensive discussion has focussed on some of the problems that the buck-passing account faces, such as the 'wrong kind of reason' problem. Less attention, however, has been paid as to why we should accept the buck-passing account or what the theoretical pay-offs and other implications of accepting it are. The Normative and the Evaluative provides the first comprehensive motivation and defence of the buck-passing account of value. Richard Rowland argues that the buck-passing account explains several important features of the relationship between reasons and value, as well as the relationship between the different varieties of value, in a way that its competitors do not. He shows that alternatives to the buck-passing account are inconsistent with important views in normative ethics, uninformative, and at odds with the way in which we should see practical and epistemic normativity as related. In addition, he extends the buck-passing account to provide an account of moral properties as well as all other normative and deontic properties and concepts, such as fittingness and 'ought', in terms of reasons.

The Normative and the Evaluative

Richard Rowland
The Normative and the Evaluative Book PDF

Author : Richard Rowland
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 019883361X

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The Normative and the Evaluative by Richard Rowland Pdf

Richard Rowland provides the first comprehensive motivation and defence of the buck-passing account of value: understanding the evaluative in terms of the normative. He argues that his account explains several important features of the relationship between reasons and value, as well as the relationship between the different varieties of value.

The Normative and the Evaluative

Richard Rowland
The Normative and the Evaluative Book PDF

Author : Richard Rowland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192570222

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The Normative and the Evaluative by Richard Rowland Pdf

Many have been attracted to the idea that for something to be good there just have to be reasons to favour it. This view has come to be known as the buck-passing account of value. According to this account, for pleasure to be good there need to be reasons for us to desire and pursue it. Likewise for liberty and equality to be values there have to be reasons for us to promote and preserve them. Extensive discussion has focussed on some of the problems that the buck-passing account faces, such as the 'wrong kind of reason' problem. Less attention, however, has been paid as to why we should accept the buck-passing account or what the theoretical pay-offs and other implications of accepting it are. The Normative and the Evaluative provides the first comprehensive motivation and defence of the buck-passing account of value. Richard Rowland argues that the buck-passing account explains several important features of the relationship between reasons and value, as well as the relationship between the different varieties of value, in a way that its competitors do not. He shows that alternatives to the buck-passing account are inconsistent with important views in normative ethics, uninformative, and at odds with the way in which we should see practical and epistemic normativity as related. In addition, he extends the buck-passing account to provide an account of moral properties as well as all other normative and deontic properties and concepts, such as fittingness and 'ought', in terms of reasons.

Truth and Norms

Filippo Ferrari
Truth and Norms Book PDF

Author : Filippo Ferrari
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781793622686

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Truth and Norms by Filippo Ferrari Pdf

Truth and Norms: Normative Alethic Pluralism and Evaluative Disagreements engages three philosophical topics and the relationships among them. Filippo Ferrari first contributes to the debate on the nature and normative significance of disagreement, especially in relation to evaluative judgements such as judgements about basic taste, refined aesthetics, and moral matters. Second, he addresses the issue of epistemic normativity, focusing in particular on the normative function(s) that truth exerts on judgements. Third, he contributes to the debate on truth—more specifically, which account of the nature of truth best accommodates the norms relating judgements and truth. This book develops and defends a novel pluralistic picture of the normativity of truth: normative alethic pluralism (NAP). At the core of NAP is the idea that truth exerts different normative functions in relation to different areas of inquiry. Ferrari argues that this picture of the normativity of truth offers the best explanation of the variable normative significance that disagreement exhibits in relation to different subject matters—from a rather shallow normative impact in the case of disagreement about taste, to a normatively more substantive significance in relation to moral judgements. Last, Ferrari defends the view that NAP does not require a commitment to truth pluralism, since it is fully compatible with a somewhat refined version of minimalism about truth.

Normativity and the Problem of Representation

Matthew S. Bedke,Stefan Sciaraffa
Normativity and the Problem of Representation Book PDF

Author : Matthew S. Bedke,Stefan Sciaraffa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000672831

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Normativity and the Problem of Representation by Matthew S. Bedke,Stefan Sciaraffa Pdf

This book tackles questions which revolve around the representational purport (or lack thereof) of evaluative and normative claims. Claims about what we ought to do, what is best, what is justified, or simply what counts as a good reason for action—in other words, evaluative or normative claims—are familiar. But when we pause to ask what these claims mean and what we are doing when we use them, puzzles arise. Are there facts of the matter about what ought to be done, much like there are facts of the matter about mathematics or the natural world? If so, "ought claims" are probably trying to represent the "ought facts". Alternatively, perhaps there are no evaluative facts, in which case evaluative claims are either trying to represent facts which do not exist, or evaluative claims are not in the representation business to begin with. The latter option is intriguing, and it is the subject of much recent work in expressivism, pragmatism, and semantic relativism. But if ought claims are not representing anything as factual, why do we think such claims are true or false, and what are we doing when we disagree with one another about them? This book sheds light on this important area of philosophy. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.

The Normative and the Natural

Michael P. Wolf,Jeremy Randel Koons
The Normative and the Natural Book PDF

Author : Michael P. Wolf,Jeremy Randel Koons
Publisher : Springer
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319336879

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The Normative and the Natural by Michael P. Wolf,Jeremy Randel Koons Pdf

Drawing on a rich pragmatist tradition, this book offers an account of the different kinds of ‘oughts’, or varieties of normativity, that we are subject to contends that there is no conflict between normativity and the world as science describes it. The authors argue that normative claims aim to evaluate, to urge us to do or not do something, and to tell us how a state of affairs ought to be. These claims articulate forms of action-guidance that are different in kind from descriptive claims, with a wholly distinct practical and expressive character. This account suggests that there are no normative facts, and so nothing that needs any troublesome shoehorning into a scientific account of the world. This work explains that nevertheless, normative claims are constrained by the world, and answerable to reason and argumentation, in a way that makes them truth-apt and objective.

Normativity

Judith Jarvis Thomson
Normativity Book PDF

Author : Judith Jarvis Thomson
Publisher : Open Court
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780812699517

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Normativity by Judith Jarvis Thomson Pdf

Judith Jarvis Thomson's Normativity is a study of normative thought. She brings out that normative thought is not restricted to moral thought. Normative judgments divide into two sub-kinds, the evaluative and the directive; but the sub-kinds are larger than is commonly appreciated. Evaluative judgments include the judgments that such and such is a good umbrella, that Alfred is a witty comedian, and that Bert answered Carol's question correctly, as well as the judgment that David is a good human being. Directive judgments include the judgment that a toaster should toast evenly, that Edward ought to get a haircut, and that Frances must move her rook, as well as the judgment that George ought to be kind to his little brother. Thomson describes how judgments of these two sub-kinds interconnect and what makes them true when they are true. Given the extensiveness of the two sub-kinds of normative judgment, our everyday thinking is rich in normativity, and moreover, there is no gap between normative and factual thought. The widespread suspicion of the normative is therefore in large measure due to nothing deeper than an excessively narrow conception of what counts as a normative judgment.

Mind, Values, and Metaphysics

Anne Reboul
Mind Values and Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : Anne Reboul
Publisher : Springer
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319051468

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Mind, Values, and Metaphysics by Anne Reboul Pdf

There are three themed parts to this book: values, ethics and emotions in the first part, epistemology, perception and consciousness in the second part and philosophy of mind and philosophy of language in the third part. Papers in this volume provide links between emotions and values and explore dependency between language, meanings and concepts and topics such as the liar’s paradox, reference and metaphor are examined. This book is the second of a two-volume set that originates in papers presented to Professor Kevin Mulligan, covering the subjects that he contributed to during his career. This volume opens with a paper by Moya, who proposes that there is an asymmetrical relation between the possibility of choice and moral responsibility. The first part of this volume ends with a description of foolishness as insensitivity to the values of knowledge, by Engel. Marconi’s article makes three negative claims about relative truth and Sundholm notes shortcomings of the English language for epistemology, amongst other papers. This section ends with a discussion of the term ‘subjective character’ by Nida-Rümelin, who finds it misleading. The third part of this volume contains papers exploring topics such as the mind-body problem, whether theory of mind is based on simulation or theory and Künne shows that the most common analyses of the so-called 'Liar' paradox are wanting. At the end of this section, Rizzi introduces syntactic cartography and illustrates its use in scope-discourse semantics. This second volume contains twenty nine chapters, written by both high profile and upcoming researchers from across Europe, North America and North Africa. The first volume of this set has two main themes: metaphysics, especially truth-making and the notion of explanation and the second theme is the history of philosophy with an emphasis on Austrian philosophy.

Nietzsche and Contemporary Ethics

Simon Robertson
Nietzsche and Contemporary Ethics Book PDF

Author : Simon Robertson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198722212

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Nietzsche and Contemporary Ethics by Simon Robertson Pdf

Nietzsche is one of the most subversive thinkers of the western philosophical canon. Yet until recently, his ethics has been sidelined within Anglophone moral philosophy. Simon Robertson offers the first sustained, single-authored critical assessment of his ethical thought and its significance, arguing that Nietzsche raises well-motivated challenges to morality's objectivity, authority, and value. Nietzsche and Contemporary Ethics develops insightful arguments about ethical objectivity, the pitfalls of internalising moral values, and the relation between good and bad. Robertson concludes by considering Nietzsche's broader import: how he challenges our usual views of what ethics itself is--and what it, and we, should be doing.

Constructivism in Practical Philosophy

James Lenman,Yonatan Shemmer
Constructivism in Practical Philosophy Book PDF

Author : James Lenman,Yonatan Shemmer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191631191

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Constructivism in Practical Philosophy by James Lenman,Yonatan Shemmer Pdf

This volume presents twelve original papers on constructivism - some sympathetic, others critical - by a distinguished group of moral philosophers. 'Kantian constructivism holds that moral objectivity is to be understood in terms of a suitably constructed social point of view that all can accept. Apart from the procedure of constructing the principles of justice, there are no moral facts.' So wrote John Rawls in his highly influential 1980 Dewey lectures 'Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory'. Since then there has been much discussion of constructivist understandings, Kantian or otherwise, both of morality and of reason more generally. Such understandings typically seek to characterize the truth conditions of propositions in their target domain in maximally metaphysically unassuming ways, frequently in terms of the outcome of certain procedures or the passing of certain tests, procedures or tests that speak to the distinctively practical concerns of deliberating human agents living together in societies. But controversy abounds over the interpretation and the scope as well as the credibility of such constructivist ideas. The essays collected here reach to the heart of this contemporary philosophical debate, and offer a range of new approaches and perspectives.

Inquiry Under Bounds

David Thorstad
Inquiry Under Bounds Book PDF

Author : David Thorstad
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198886167

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Inquiry Under Bounds by David Thorstad Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Herbert Simon held that the fundamental turn in the study of bounded rationality is the turn from substantive to procedural rationality. Theories of substantive rationality begin with normative questions about attitudes: what should we prefer, intend, or believe? By contrast, theories of procedural rationality begin with normative questions about processes of inquiry: how should we determine what to prefer, intend, or believe? If Simon was right, then the central task for theories of bounded rationality is to develop an account of rational inquiry for bounded agents. We need, that is, a theory of inquiry under bounds. Inquiry Under Bounds takes as its starting point a five-point bounded rationality program inspired by recent work in cognitive science. To elaborate on and defend that program, Thorstad argues we need an account of rational inquiry for bounded agents. Inquiry under bounds develops an account of rational inquiry for bounded agents: the reason-responsiveness consequentialist view. I use this account to clarify and defend key insights from the bounded tradition as well as to shed light on recent controversies in the epistemology of inquiry.

Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, Volume 3

Mark Timmons
Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics Volume 3 Book PDF

Author : Mark Timmons
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199685912

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Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, Volume 3 by Mark Timmons Pdf

In this volume, leading philosophers advance our understanding of a wide range of moral issues and positions, from analysis of competing normative theories to questions of how we should act and live well.

Thick Evaluation

Simon Kirchin
Thick Evaluation Book PDF

Author : Simon Kirchin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198803430

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Thick Evaluation by Simon Kirchin Pdf

The descriptions 'good' and 'bad' are examples of thin concepts, as opposed to 'kind' or 'cruel' which are thick concepts. Simon Kirchin provides one of the first full-length studies of the crucial distinction between 'thin' and 'thick' concepts, which is fundamental to many debates in ethics, aesthetics and epistemology.

New Waves in Metaethics

Michael S. Brady
New Waves in Metaethics Book PDF

Author : Michael S. Brady
Publisher : Springer
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230294899

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New Waves in Metaethics by Michael S. Brady Pdf

Metaethics occupies a central place in analytical philosophy, and the last forty years has seen an upsurge of interest in questions about the nature and practice of morality. This collection presents original and ground-breaking research on metaethical issues from some of the very best of a new generation of philosophers working in this field.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education

Harvey Siegel
The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education Book PDF

Author : Harvey Siegel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2009-11-12
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780195312881

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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education by Harvey Siegel Pdf

A general introduction to key issues in the philosophy of education. The chapters are accessible to readers with no prior exposure to philosophy of education, and provide both surveys of the general domain they address, and advance the discussion in those domains.