The Oxford Handbook Of Ergativity

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The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity

Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis
The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity Book PDF

Author : Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1297 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198739371

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The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity by Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis Pdf

This volume offers theoretical and descriptive perspectives on the issues pertaining to ergativity, a grammatical patterning whereby direct objects are in some way treated like intransitive subjects, to the exclusion of transitive subjects. This pattern differs markedly from nominative/accusative marking whereby transitive and intransitive subjects are treated as one grammatical class, to the exclusion of direct objects. While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has shown that languages do not fall clearly into one category or the other and that ergative characteristics are not consistent across languages. Chapters in this volume look at approaches to ergativity within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morphosyntactic building blocks of an ergative construction; related constructions such as the anti-passive; related properties such as split ergativity and word order; and extensions and permutations of ergativity, including nominalizations and voice systems. The volume also includes results from experimental investigations of ergativity, a relatively new area of research. A wide variety of languages are represented, both in the theoretical chapters and in the 16 case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.

The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity

Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis
The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity Book PDF

Author : Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 960 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191059780

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The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity by Jessica Coon,Diane Massam,Lisa deMena Travis Pdf

This volume offers theoretical and descriptive perspectives on the issues pertaining to ergativity, a grammatical patterning whereby direct objects are in some way treated like intransitive subjects, to the exclusion of transitive subjects. This pattern differs markedly from nominative/accusative marking whereby transitive and intransitive subjects are treated as one grammatical class, to the exclusion of direct objects. While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has shown that languages do not fall clearly into one category or the other and that ergative characteristics are not consistent across languages. Chapters in this volume look at approaches to ergativity within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morphosyntactic building blocks of an ergative construction; related constructions such as the anti-passive; related properties such as split ergativity and word order; and extensions and permutations of ergativity, including nominalizations and voice systems. The volume also includes results from experimental investigations of ergativity, a relatively new area of research. A wide variety of languages are represented, both in the theoretical chapters and in the 16 case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.

Aspects of Split Ergativity

Jessica Coon
Aspects of Split Ergativity Book PDF

Author : Jessica Coon
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199858743

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Aspects of Split Ergativity by Jessica Coon Pdf

In languages with aspect-based split ergativity, one portion of the grammar follows an ergative pattern, while another shows a "split." In this book, Jessica Coon argues that aspectual split ergativity does not mark a split in how case is assigned, but rather, a split in sentence structure. Specifically, the contexts in which we find the appearance of a nonergative pattern in an otherwise ergative language involve added structure — a disassociation between the syntactic predicate and the stem carrying the lexical verb stem. This proposal builds on the proposal of Basque split ergativity in Laka 2006, and extends it to other languages. The book begins with an analysis of split person marking patterns in Chol, a Mayan language of southern Mexico. Here appearance of split ergativity follows naturally from the fact that the progressive and the imperfective morphemes are verbs, while the perfective morpheme is not. The fact that the nonperfective morphemes are verbs, combined with independent properties of Chol grammar, results in the appearance of a split. In aspectual splits, ergativity is always retained in the perfective aspect. This book further surveys aspectual splits in a variety of unrelated languages and offers an explanation for this universal directionality of split ergativity. Following Laka's (2006) proposal for Basque, Coon proposes that the cross-linguistic tendency for imperfective aspects to pattern with locative constructions is responsible for the biclausality which causes the appearance of a nonergative pattern. Building on Demirdache and Uribe-Etxebarria's (2000) prepositional account of spatiotemporal relations, Coon proposes that the perfective is never periphrastic - and thus never involves a split - because there is no preposition in natural language that correctly captures the relation of the assertion time to the event time denoted by the perfective aspect.

Deconstructing Ergativity

Maria Polinsky
Deconstructing Ergativity Book PDF

Author : Maria Polinsky
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780190256609

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Deconstructing Ergativity by Maria Polinsky Pdf

Nominative-accusative and ergative are two common alignment types found across languages. In the former type, the subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are expressed the same way, and differently from the object of a transitive. In ergative languages, the subject of an intransitive and the object of a transitive appear in the same form, the absolutive, and the transitive subject has a special, ergative, form. Ergative languages often follow very different patterns, thus evading a uniform description and analysis. A simple explanation for that has to do with the idea that ergative languages, much as their nominative-accusative counterparts, do not form a uniform class. In this book, Maria Polinsky argues that ergative languages instantiate two main types, the one where the ergative subject is a prepositional phrase (PP-ergatives) and the one with a noun-phrase ergative. Each type is internally consistent and is characterized by a set of well-defined properties. The book begins with an analysis of syntactic ergativity, which as Polinsky argues, is a manifestation of the PP-ergative type. Polinsky discusses diagnostic properties that define PPs in general and then goes to show that a subset of ergative expressions fit the profile of PPs. Several alternative analyses have been proposed to account for syntactic ergativity; the book presents and outlines these analyses and offers further considerations in support of the PP-ergativity approach. The book then discusses the second type, DP-ergative languages, and traces the diachronic connection between the two types. The book includes two chapters illustrating paradigm PP-ergative and DP-ergative languages: Tongan and Tsez. The data used in these descriptions come from Polinsky's original fieldwork hence presenting new empirical facts from both languages.

The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus

Maria Polinsky
The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus Book PDF

Author : Maria Polinsky
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780190690717

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The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus by Maria Polinsky Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus is an introduction to and overview of the linguistically diverse languages of southern Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. Though the languages of the Caucasus have often been mischaracterized or exoticized, many of them have cross-linguistically rare features found in few or no other languages. This handbook presents facts and descriptions of the languages written by experts. The first half of the book is an introduction to the languages, with the linguistic profiles enriched by demographic research about their speakers. It features overviews of the main language families as well as detailed grammatical descriptions of several individual languages. The second half of the book delves more deeply into theoretical analyses of features, such as agreement, ellipsis, and discourse properties, which are found in some languages of the Caucasus. Promising areas for future research are highlighted throughout the handbook, which will be of interest to linguists of all subfields.

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages

Kenneth L. Rehg,Lyle Campbell
The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages Book PDF

Author : Kenneth L. Rehg,Lyle Campbell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 776 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-18
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780190610036

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The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages by Kenneth L. Rehg,Lyle Campbell Pdf

The endangered languages crisis is widely acknowledged among scholars who deal with languages and indigenous peoples as one of the most pressing problems facing humanity, posing moral, practical, and scientific issues of enormous proportions. Simply put, no area of the world is immune from language endangerment. The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages, in 39 chapters, provides a comprehensive overview of the efforts that are being undertaken to deal with this crisis. A comprehensive reference reflecting the breadth of the field, the Handbook presents in detail both the range of thinking about language endangerment and the variety of responses to it, and broadens understanding of language endangerment, language documentation, and language revitalization, encouraging further research. The Handbook is organized into five parts. Part 1, Endangered Languages, addresses the fundamental issues that are essential to understanding the nature of the endangered languages crisis. Part 2, Language Documentation, provides an overview of the issues and activities of concern to linguists and others in their efforts to record and document endangered languages. Part 3, Language Revitalization, includes approaches, practices, and strategies for revitalizing endangered and sleeping ("dormant") languages. Part 4, Endangered Languages and Biocultural Diversity, extends the discussion of language endangerment beyond its conventional boundaries to consider the interrelationship of language, culture, and environment, and the common forces that now threaten the sustainability of their diversity. Part 5, Looking to the Future, addresses a variety of topics that are certain to be of consequence in future efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages.

The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Syntax

Jon Sprouse
The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Syntax Book PDF

Author : Jon Sprouse
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 705 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780192518569

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The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Syntax by Jon Sprouse Pdf

This volume showcases the contributions that formal experimental methods can make to syntactic research in the 21st century. Syntactic theory is both a domain of study in its own right, and one component of an integrated theory of the cognitive neuroscience of language. It provides a theory of the mediation between sound and meaning, a theory of the representations constructed during sentence processing, and a theory of the end-state for language acquisition. Given the highly interactive nature of the theory of syntax, this volume defines "experimental syntax" in the broadest possible terms, exploring both formal experimental methods that have been part of the domain of syntax since its inception (i.e., acceptability judgment methods) and formal experimental methods that have arisen through the interaction of syntactic theory with the domains of acquisition, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Syntax brings these methods together into a single experimental syntax volume for the first time, providing high-level reviews of major experimental work, offering guidance for researchers looking to incorporate these diverse methods into their own work, and inspiring new research that will push the boundaries of the theory of syntax. It will appeal to students and scholars from the advanced undergraduate level upwards in a range of fields including syntax, acquisition, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and computational linguistics.

The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages

Daniel Siddiqi,Michael Barrie,Carrie Gillon,Jason Haugen,Eric Mathieu
The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages Book PDF

Author : Daniel Siddiqi,Michael Barrie,Carrie Gillon,Jason Haugen,Eric Mathieu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781351810272

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The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages by Daniel Siddiqi,Michael Barrie,Carrie Gillon,Jason Haugen,Eric Mathieu Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages is a one-stop reference for linguists on those topics that come up the most frequently in the study of the languages of North America (including Mexico). This handbook compiles a list of contributors from across many different theories and at different stages of their careers, all of whom are well-known experts in North American languages. The volume comprises two distinct parts: the first surveys some of the phenomena most frequently discussed in the study of North American languages, and the second surveys some of the most frequently discussed language families of North America. The consistent goal of each contribution is to couch the content of the chapter in contemporary theory so that the information is maximally relevant and accessible for a wide range of audiences, including graduate students and young new scholars, and even senior scholars who are looking for a crash course in the topics. Empirically driven chapters provide fundamental knowledge needed to participate in contemporary theoretical discussions of these languages, making this handbook an indispensable resource for linguistics scholars.

Reconstructing Syntax

Anonim
Reconstructing Syntax Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004392007

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Reconstructing Syntax by Anonim Pdf

During several decades, syntactic reconstruction has been more or less regarded as a bootless and an unsuccessful venture, not least due to the heavy criticism in the 1970s from scholars like Watkins, Jeffers, Lightfoot, etc. This fallacious view culminated in Lightfoot’s (2002: 625) conclusion: “[i]f somebody thinks that they can reconstruct grammars more successfully and in more widespread fashion, let them tell us their methods and show us their results. Then we’ll eat the pudding.” This volume provides methods for the identification of i) cognates in syntax, and ii) the directionality of syntactic change, showcasing the results in the introduction and eight articles. These examples are offered as both tastier and also more nourishing than the pudding Lightfoot had in mind when discarding the viability of reconstructing syntax.

Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony

Sonia Cristofaro,Fernando Zúñiga
Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony Book PDF

Author : Sonia Cristofaro,Fernando Zúñiga
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027264459

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Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony by Sonia Cristofaro,Fernando Zúñiga Pdf

Typological hierarchies are widely perceived as one of the most important results of research on language universals and linguistic diversity. Explanations for typological hierarchies, however, are usually based on the synchronic properties of the patterns described by individual hierarchies, not the actual diachronic processes that give rise to these patterns cross-linguistically. This book aims to explore in what ways the investigation of such processes can further our understanding of typological hierarchies. To this end, diachronic evidence about the origins of several phenomena described by typological hierarchies is discussed for several languages by a number of leading scholars in typology, historical linguistics, and language documentation. This evidence suggests a rethinking of possible explanations for typological hierarchies, as well as the very notion of typological universals in general. For this reason, the book will be of interest not only to the broad typological community, but also historical linguists, cognitive linguists, and psycholinguists.

Antipassive

Katarzyna Janic,Alena Witzlack-Makarevich
Antipassive Book PDF

Author : Katarzyna Janic,Alena Witzlack-Makarevich
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 655 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027260260

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Antipassive by Katarzyna Janic,Alena Witzlack-Makarevich Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the morpho-syntactic and semantic aspects of the antipassive construction from synchronic, diachronic, and typological perspectives. The nineteen contributions assembled in this volume address a wide range of aspects pertinent to the antipassive construction, such as lexical semantics, the properties of the antipassive markers, as well as the issue of fuzzy boundaries between the antipassive construction and a range of other formally and functionally similar constructions in genealogically and areally diverse languages. Purely synchronically oriented case studies are supplemented by contributions that shed light on the diachronic development of the antipassive construction and the antipassive markers. The book should be of central interest to many scholars, in particular to those working in the field of language typology, semantics, syntax, and historical linguists, as well as to specialists of the language families discussed in the individual contributions.

Deconstructing Ergativity

Maria Polinsky
Deconstructing Ergativity Book PDF

Author : Maria Polinsky
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780190614126

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Deconstructing Ergativity by Maria Polinsky Pdf

Nominative-accusative and ergative are two common alignment types found across languages. In the former type, the subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are expressed the same way, and differently from the object of a transitive. In ergative languages, the subject of an intransitive and the object of a transitive appear in the same form, the absolutive, and the transitive subject has a special, ergative, form. Ergative languages often follow very different patterns, thus evading a uniform description and analysis. A simple explanation for that has to do with the idea that ergative languages, much as their nominative-accusative counterparts, do not form a uniform class. In this book, Maria Polinsky argues that ergative languages instantiate two main types, the one where the ergative subject is a prepositional phrase (PP-ergatives) and the one with a noun-phrase ergative. Each type is internally consistent and is characterized by a set of well-defined properties. The book begins with an analysis of syntactic ergativity, which as Polinsky argues, is a manifestation of the PP-ergative type. Polinsky discusses diagnostic properties that define PPs in general and then goes to show that a subset of ergative expressions fit the profile of PPs. Several alternative analyses have been proposed to account for syntactic ergativity; the book presents and outlines these analyses and offers further considerations in support of the PP-ergativity approach. The book then discusses the second type, DP-ergative languages, and traces the diachronic connection between the two types. The book includes two chapters illustrating paradigm PP-ergative and DP-ergative languages: Tongan and Tsez. The data used in these descriptions come from Polinsky's original fieldwork hence presenting new empirical facts from both languages.

Niuean

Diane Massam
Niuean Book PDF

Author : Diane Massam
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198793557

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Niuean by Diane Massam Pdf

This volume explores the grammar of Niuean, an endangered Polynesian language spoken on the island of Niue and in New Zealand, with a focus on the issue of predication. Since Aristotle, it has been claimed that a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. Niuean constitutes the perfect testing ground for this claim: it displays verb-subject-object word order, in which the subject interrupts the predicate, and has an ergative case system, in which subjects are not clearly distinguished from objects in their marking for grammatical case. Diane Massam uses the framework of generative grammar to carry out a detailed analysis of the internal structure of Niuean predicates and arguments, as well as the relations between them, touching on many other topics including the nature of displacement, word formation, determiners, and thematic roles. The proposal is that Niuean complex predicates are formed via successive inversion, prior to the merge of all arguments (high argument merge), and that the predicate undergoes fronting to initial position across the arguments, with the same structure found also in nominal clauses. The conclusion is that Niuean does not have a subject in the usual sense, and this is related to the fact that the language has isolating morphology, lacking all tense and agreement inflection and nominative case. Instead, the language exhibits low absolutive predication, applicative ergative agents, and predicate fronting in lieu of subject extraction. The book extends our understanding of cross-linguistic sentence structure and grammatical case, and will be of interest to scholars in the fields of Austronesian linguistics, typology, and theoretical linguistics.

The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America

Carmen Dagostino,Marianne Mithun,Keren Rice
The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America Book PDF

Author : Carmen Dagostino,Marianne Mithun,Keren Rice
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 922 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-18
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9783110712810

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The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America by Carmen Dagostino,Marianne Mithun,Keren Rice Pdf

This handbook provides broad coverage of the languages indigenous to North America, with special focus on typologically interesting features and areal characteristics, surveys of current work, and topics of particular importance to communities. The volume is divided into two major parts: subfields of linguistics and family sketches. The subfields include those that are customarily addressed in discussions of North American languages (sounds and sound structure, words, sentences), as well as many that have received somewhat less attention until recently (tone, prosody, sociolinguistic variation, directives, information structure, discourse, meaning, language over space and time, conversation structure, evidentiality, pragmatics, verbal art, first and second language acquisition, archives, evolving notions of fieldwork). Family sketches cover major language families and isolates and highlight topics of special value to communities engaged in work on language maintenance, documentation, and revitalization.

Alignment and Ergativity in New Indo-Aryan Languages

Saartje Verbeke
Alignment and Ergativity in New Indo Aryan Languages Book PDF

Author : Saartje Verbeke
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110292671

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Alignment and Ergativity in New Indo-Aryan Languages by Saartje Verbeke Pdf

The volume investigates the different alignment patterns in Indo-Aryan and shows that the variation of alignment patterns in Indo-Aryan goes beyond the opposition between accusativity and ergativity. The book includes a thorough discussion of the concepts and terminology relating to alignment patterns. The study draws extensively on new language data from Indo-Aryan. It includes discussions of examples taken from Hindi, Sanskrit, Apabhramsa, Asamiya, Bangla, Oriya, the Bihari languages, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Siraiki, Poguli, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marwari, Harauti, the Hindi varieties, and Shina. The volume offers a comprehensive overview of various alignment patterns in Indo-Aryan based on a wide range of data. By focusing on lesser known Indo-Aryan languages, the study questions the central position of Hindi-Urdu in the research on ergativity. Each language is treated in its own right, with a focus on language-specific data and analyses, rather than relying on a notional format that starts with pre-established linguistic concepts. In accordance with this methodology, much attention is paid to "indirect" connections between ergative constructions and other syntactic and semantic patterns in the various languages.